克氏原螯虾耗氧率及窒息点的研究

分别对克氏原螯虾Procambarusclarkii幼虾[(2 37±0 21)g]与成虾[(21 59±1 76)g]的耗氧率和窒息点进行了测定,并对耗氧率的昼夜变化,以及温度和体重对其窒息点的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在水温(20 0±0 5)℃恒温状态下,大规格实验虾的耗氧率仅为小规格个体的34 53%,差异极显著(P<0 01);同时,克氏原螯虾耗氧率昼夜变化规律明显,成虾夜间12h的耗氧率平均为(0 156±0 008)mg/(g·h),白天12h的耗氧率平均为(0 134±0 009)mg/(g·h),差异显著(P<0 01);幼虾夜间12h的耗氧率平均为(0 484±0 011)mg/(g·h),白天12h的耗氧率平均为(0 369±0 051)mg/(g·h),两者差异同样极显著(P<0 01)。一昼夜中,幼虾和成虾耗氧率均出现3个高峰值和4个低谷值。克氏原螯虾的窒息点与体重及温度显著相关,并随体重的增大而减小,随温度的增大而呈直线上升。     

不同生态因子对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

为研究岩扇贝Crassadoma gigante的代谢生理状况,为其人工育苗和规模化养殖提供依据,采用不同生态条件对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率和排氨率进行了相关研究。结果表明:温度、盐度、pH和体质量对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率、排氨率均有极显著影响(P<0.01);在试验温度为6~22℃时,岩扇贝幼贝单位体质量的耗氧率、排氨率随温度的升高而增大;经回归分析,体质量(X)与耗氧率或排氨率(Y)均呈负相关幂指数关系,岩扇贝幼贝单位体质量的耗氧率、排氨率随体质量的增大而降低;岩扇贝幼贝的耗氧率与排氨率先随盐度(24~30)的升高而增大,在盐度为30时达到最大值,而后随盐度(30~36)的升高而降低;岩扇贝幼贝的耗氧率与排氨率先随pH(7.0~8.0)的升高而增大,在盐度为8.0时达到最大值,而后随pH(8.0~9.0)的升高而降低;岩扇贝幼贝一昼夜的耗氧率及排氨率最高峰均在13:00,耗氧率和排氨率最低峰均在1:00。本研究结果可为岩扇贝的生理生态学研究提供理论依据。     

低温对3种壳色菲律宾蛤仔幼贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

为了探明不同壳色蛤仔的耐低温能力和低温下的基础代谢状况,在实验室条件下研究了低温(7.6、3.0、0.6、-1.6℃)对壳长约17 mm的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum斑马蛤Zebra clam、白蛤White clam和两者杂交所得白斑马蛤White zebra clam 3种壳色品系幼贝存活率、耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明:在温度由7.6℃逐渐降低至-2.1℃,并且在冰水混合状态下胁迫7 d时,3种壳色蛤仔的存活率依次为白斑马蛤(98.6%)>斑马蛤(93.3%)>白蛤(74.6%);随着温度的降低,3种壳色蛤仔的耗氧率显著下降(P<0.05),排氨率总体呈下降趋势,耐低温能力强的蛤仔,其接近冰点时(-1.6℃)的耗氧率和排氨率较高,随温度下降的幅度也较小;3种壳色的蛤仔O∶N值为6.86~20.72,壳色对O∶N值影响不显著(P>0.05),温度及温度与壳色的交互作用对O∶N值影响极显著(P<0.001),低温导致蛤仔呼吸代谢底物发生变化,而3种壳色蛤仔之间呼吸代谢底物无显著性差异(P<0.05);在0.6~7.6℃时,3种壳色蛤仔耗氧率Q10值为1.426~3.203,总体平均为2.508,排氨率Q10值为0.276~3.422,总体平均为1.724;温度由0.6降至-1.6℃时,Q10值异常升高,以白蛤升高最明显。本研究结果可为探明蛤仔耐低温的生理机制和定向选育抗低温的蛤仔新品种提供理论参考。     

基于淡水养殖的虾耗氧率测定分析

本文以南美白对虾为研究对象,测定其耗氧率,并与时间、溶氧量、体长作相关分析。结果表明,其耗氧速率随时间的延长与水体溶氧量的降低而降低;随虾体长增长而降低,耗氧量却与体长呈正相关,研究成果可为今后养殖生产提供科学依据。     

好氧微生物耗氧速率的在线测量

耗氧速率是可以表征污水处理中好氧微生物活性的重要指标,论文通过对耗氧速率测量原理的深入探讨,建立了Matlab中软测量模型,实现了对该指标的在线实时软测量。耗氧速率实时测量对于好氧微生物污水处理系统中,维持微生物活性及污水处理效果和效率,有着十分重要的意义。     

活性污泥比耗氧速率的测定及其在污水处理厂的应用

介绍了比耗氧速率的测定方法并对其在污水处理厂运行状况监测中的应用进行了研究,结果表明：通过测定系统的SOUR值可以考察系统污泥的代谢活性,从而指导工艺运行。处理系统在遭受毒物冲击而导致污泥中毒时,污泥SOUR会突然下降,可以作为监测进水中是否含有有毒物质的最为灵敏的早期警报;通过测定系统的最大SOUR及投加硝酸细菌和亚硝酸细菌的选择性抑制剂后的最大SOUR,然后根据硝化反应式将相应的比耗氧速率转换为氮比氧化速率的方法可以考察系统的硝化活性及硝化反应的类型。     

肺表面活性物质在新生儿肺炎中的应用效果及对氧供、氧耗的影响观察

目的:探究肺表面活性物质在新生儿肺炎中的应用效果及对氧供、氧耗的影响。方法:选取2015年1月-2018年11月本院收治的100例新生儿肺炎作为研究对象,根据治疗方式将其分为对照组(常规治疗)50例和观察组(常规治疗加肺表面活性物质)50例。比较两组治疗总有效率、治疗前后症状体征积分、氧供及氧耗指标。结果:观察组总有效率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗前症状体征积分、氧供及氧耗指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗后症状体征积分、氧供及氧耗指标均显著优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肺表面活性物质在新生儿肺炎中的应用效果较好,且对患儿的氧供及氧耗状态有积极的改善作用,因此在本类新生儿中具有较高的应用价值。     

由河流实测资料估算耗氧系数与初始BOD浓度的线性回归法

耗氧系数K_1是河水水质模型的一个重要参数,其值确定的准确与否直接影响到水质模型的预报质量,目前由河水实测数据估算开K_1的主要方法有,由streeter——phelps氧平衡方程而建立的内梅罗迭代法和由四个断面的河水溶解氧值进行计算的克佛——菲利普法。上述两种方法在实用上均有自己的优点,然而,它     

消毒过程中氨氮对氯耗的影响研究

某水厂将地下水与管网水混合作为原水,直接加氯后进入清水池,运行中发现清水池出水中的余氯值变化不规律,有时会出现加氯量越多,出水余氯反而越少的现象.通过静态加氯试验验证了氯耗波动的事实,并与氨氮配水试验作对照,发现原水水样与氨氮配水的加氯曲线存在相似性；通过对折点加氯曲线的分析以及与原水加氯曲线的比较,认为原水加氯符合折点加氯特性,氨氮和管网来水中余氯的变化是造成氯耗不稳的原因.     

淡水浮游藻类与鱼体异味关系的初步研究

通过对在北京市通州区、昌平区和海淀区几家渔场采集的浮游藻类进行定量,并结合对相应池塘养殖鱼类口感的品尝,初步筛选出以下10个属的种类与养殖鱼体异味有关:蓝球藻Chroococcusspp.、蓝纤维藻Dactylococcopsisspp.、颤藻Oscillatoriaspp.、鱼腥藻Anabaenaspp.、席藻Phormidiumspp.、颗粒直链藻Melosiragranulata、针杆藻Synedraspp.、舟形藻Naviculaspp.、菱形藻Nitzschiaspp.和栅藻Scenedesmusspp.。     

鸭绿江有明银鱼的生物学研究

对采自鸭绿江河口区的 2 32尾有明银鱼样品进行了生物学研究 ,包括形态特征、生长、食性、繁殖等 ,并分析讨论了有明银鱼上下颌各部位齿数的差异、雌雄个体体长差异及产卵期和成熟规格等。     

Relationship of materials in flooded soils and sediments to the water quality of reservoirs—I: Oxygen consumption rates

Rates of oxygen consumption were obtained for four soils and six reservoir sediments using sediment-water reaction chambers and a differential respirometer. Determination of microbial activity as measured by [¹⁴C]glucose metabolism was also performed on these soils and sediments. To study the transformation of newly flooded soils into aquatic sediments, we examined the effects of prolonged submergence and temperature upon oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide formation and methanogenesis. Newly flooded soils initially had high biological oxygen consumption rates, ranging from 67.2 to 76.6% of the total oxygen demand. Established reservoir sediments, in contrast, exhibited extremely high chemical oxygen demands, ranging from 62.7 to 89.9% of the total oxygen demand and had proportionately lower biological oxygen demands. Newly flooded soils had the capacity for high rates of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide formation, and methanogenesis. However, these rates were extremely temperature-dependent and subject to rapid decline with prolonged submergence due to leaching and degradation of biologically available organic carbon (BAOC). With aging, the amount of BAOC released from the flooded soils decreased, the proportion of reduced inorganic chemical species increased, and a distinct aerobic-anaerobic double layer developed at the soil surface during aerobic conditions in the overlying water column.     

纯氧曝气在污水处理和河道复氧中的应用

由于纯氧的压力高于空气中氧的分压,纯氧曝气可显著提高氧的转移速率。德国梅塞尔（ＭＥＳＳＥＲ）集团开发的微气泡纯氧曝气技术（ＢＩＯＸ工艺）,将微孔曝气和纯氧曝气的优点结合起来,采用微孔软管曝气垫,在水深５ｍ处的氧利用率高达８０％。该工艺应用于敞开曝气...     

Oxygen consumption and activity of the white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), in lethal and nonlethal levels of the organochlorine insecticide, methoxychlor

The survival, oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of suckers were determined at 15°C in water containing different concentrations of methoxychlor in ethanol, ethanol, and no added substances. A dynamic bioassay was used to estimate the 96 h LC50, which was found to be 0·0345 ppm. Routine oxygen consumption was determined in a continuous-flow respirometer, and the activity was recorded in separate experiments by measuring the water disturbance using silver wire electrodes.After 24 h fish exposed to untreated, ethanol-treated and 0.01 ppm methoxychlor-treated water had oxygen uptake rates which were relatively constant and near standard levels. At 0.10 ppm methoxychlor (lethal to all fish within 85 h), oxygen consumption rates were 2–3.5 × as high as those of control fish. Activity also greatly increased. The fish lost their balance along with the coordination between opercular and locomotor movements. Suckers that died in 0.04 ppm methoxychlor showed oxygen uptake rates and poisoning symptoms similar to 0.10 ppm treated fish, while those that survived this treatment had rates similar to control fish. The increase in ventilation which accompanies this hyperactivity may result in increased uptake of insecticide and thereby explain the irreversible nature of the response.     

Oxygen and pH fluctuations in rivers

A mathematical model for oxygen fluctuations in a river reach, involving photosynthesis, total community respiration, and reaeration is presented. Analogy is established between diurnal oxygen fluctuations and diurnal pH-fluctuations. Comparison is made between oxygen production and respiration, and carbon dioxide consumption and production.Twin curve analysis of diurnal oxygen fluctuations and diurnal pH-fluctuations is made of measurements on a single river reach in Denmark. The measurements were carried out about once a month for a little more than one year. The analysis has revealed seasonal variations of the river parameters: total daily gross production of oxygen, total community respiration and reaeration coefficient. These parameters are important for river modelling.     

Energy consumption and refugee migration in Turkey

This study investigates the effects of refugee migration on energy consumption in Turkey. Our results reveal that: (i) the total number of refugees and the number of people in refugee-like situations reduce per-capita energy consumption in Turkey, (ii) changes in total refugees and people in refugee-like situations lead to significant changes in total energy consumption in Turkey. Hence, policymakers should consider the environmental and energy impacts along with social and economic impacts of refugee migration in the context of sustainable development.     

惠阳污水厂节能降耗措施

背景 惠阳区城区生活污水处理厂，位于惠州市惠阳区淡水镇东门桥北侧，由北京清华同方水务有限公司以BOT方式投资建设和运营，设计单位是中国市政工程东北设计研究院。该厂采用目前先进的SBR改良型工艺——CAST，处理市政管道生活污水，