城市化背景下大同方言语音演变

城市现代化兼人口流动给语言以巨大影响。大同方言在声母、韵母、声调各个方面发生了许多变化,其中既受到普通话的影响,又受到其他临近县乡的方言影响,表现复杂纷繁。通过对大同方言市区、城区、郊区三地的发音调查,通过新老派不同人群的发音比较,同时结合三十年前的文献材料,发现从1986年到2018年的几十年间,大同方言音系格局没有太大的变化,但声韵调却发生了细微的变化。     

中古音早期到晚期音变的时空性

根据中古音的变化特征,越来越多的学者认为中古音分早晚两期,论证中古音早晚两期说,一个重要的依据就是中古音早期到晚期音变的时空性。中古音变包括音值音变跟音类音变两类,音变或以文献为依据,或从唐代方言得到支持。     

中古音早期到晚期音变的时空性

根据中古音的变化特征,越来越多的学者认为中古音分早晚两期,论证中古音早晚两期说,一个重要的依据就是中古音早期到晚期音变的时空性。中古音变包括音值音变跟音类音变两类,音变或以文献为依据,或从唐代方言得到支持。     

19世纪末北京话中的异读——以富善《华英袖珍字典》为标本

富善是19世纪后半叶开始在北京附近生活了近60年的著名美国传教士和翻译家,他所编的《华英袖珍字典》是记录当时北京音的重要资料。该字典通过多种方式保留了北京话大量的旧时异读,反映了连读音变、现代已消失的音节、俗读和文读、古庄组字声母异读、古入声字的声调和韵母异读等重要语音现象。     

浅谈大同话与普通话的语音比较

大同话和普通话在语音方面有很多相同之处,但也有很多不同之处。大同话的声母与普通话的声母差别不大;但在韵母和声调方面差别很大。大同话的声母没有舌尖后音,大同话中没有"[t]","[t]","[]""[]",没有带鼻音的韵母。在声调方面,大同话中有阴平,阳平,上声,去声,还有入声。大同话中的有很多音是普通元音后面加喉塞音,但普通话中并没有出现。大同话中儿化音也特别多。     

《乡音正误》所载山西方音研究

清乾嘉年间范照藜稿本《乡音正误》载有二十余条山西方言,主要涉及三个问题:深臻曾梗通五摄韵尾互易、曾梗一二等非颚音声母入声字带有i介音、上声和去声之间纠葛。这些材料反映了清中叶山西方言独特而显著的方音特征,它们已成为宝贵的历史文献资料。     

《乡音正误》所载山西方音研究

清乾嘉年间范照藜稿本《乡音正误》载有二十余条山西方言,主要涉及三个问题:深臻曾梗通五摄韵尾互易、曾梗一二等非颚音声母入声字带有i介音、上声和去声之间纠葛。这些材料反映了清中叶山西方言独特而显著的方音特征,它们已成为宝贵的历史文献资料。     

大同数来宝方言语汇初探

大同数来宝方言语汇包括方言成语、谚语、歇后语、惯用语等几类,大同方言语汇结构稳固,具有良好的传承性,浓厚的地方色彩。大同方言语义通俗,以贬义为主,这些方言语汇的特点为数来宝的表达增添更多的独特魅力。     

北京官话、东北官话和冀鲁官话保唐片方言古清入字归调的比较研究

古清入字散归四声是以北京话为代表的北京官话、东北官话和冀鲁官话保唐片的共同特点。既往研究主要集中在北京音,缺乏对清入散归四声地区的综合比较,没有揭示出这些地区清入字归调的内部差异。从这些地区中清入归调一致的字入手,可以发现一些规律:读阴平和上声的主要是口语常用字,而读阳平和去声的基本是书面语词用字;口语常用字中,读阴平的字数多,以动词为主也有部分名词,读上声的字数不及阴平一半,主要是名词。由此可以推定,清入散归四声地区中清入派入阴平是更古老的层次,上声次之;书面语音则以读阳平为更古老层次,读去声是明代之后的变化。这一新结论与《中原音韵》清入归上的矛盾可以用周德清对清入归派根据"中原之音"作了统一化的处理来解释。     

论晋语分音词与入声前缀复音词

晋语中有两种特殊的语言现象——分音词及入声前缀所构成的大量复音词。通过这两类词构词方式、词义方面进行分析,对比出它们之间的异同,进而得出对两者的联系及其来源。     

浅析高速公路工程招投标中的最低评标价法

结合目前高速公路施工项目招投标活动的实际情况,阐述了最低评标价法的概念,归纳了其优点及存在问题,对完善最低评标价法提出几点策略,以期促进招标投标市场更加规范有序。     

Place-Making in Megaprojects in Melbourne

This article analyses state-led place-making practices in Melbourne. The two levels of government that influence planning in Melbourne make much of the city as ‘culturally vibrant’ and ‘creative’, and have incorporated creative city-inspired place-making principles into many layers of the planning system. An examination of the development of two mixed-use megaprojects in central Melbourne reveals however that ideals of culturally engaging public places, and indeed of creative landscapes for middle-class consumption, wither in the face of more basic imperatives for economic development. In these case studies the ‘creative city’, no matter how the idea is interpreted, has little traction either as a set of inclusive place-making principles or as a gentrification strategy. The article concludes that the creative city-inspired place-making objectives in the planning system at both state and local levels are ambiguous in their overall intents and completely unsupported by statutory controls. Such place-making objectives as are realised are the compromised results of the interplay of uncoordinated decisions, delivered at the pleasure of the developer.     

Pathogens in septage in Vietnam

Septage is widely acknowledged as a major source of infectious pathogens while disposal of septage, and the operation and maintenance of septic tanks, is not regulated in many developing countries. Twenty untreated septage and septage sludge samples were taken from Can Tho City, Vietnam to examine their pathogen content, and indicator micro-organisms. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were detected in all samples, regardless of sludge storage time. Phages were detected in 80% of samples. Salmonella spp. were detected in 70% of the untreated septage and 60% of septage sludge samples. Concentrations of phages and bacteria tested in septage sludge after many years of tank storage were much higher than the expected levels. Helminth ova were present in 95% of untreated septage samples with an average of 450 ova l^− 1, and were detected in all septage sludge samples with an average of 16,000 ova l^− 1. Twelve varieties of helminth ova were identified. More helminth ova varieties in higher concentrations were found in septage than those reported from stool samples. The varieties' frequency ranged from 10% to 50% and Ascaris lumbricoides predominated. Results show that pathogens and indicator micro-organisms, especially helminth ova, accumulate in sludge. Thus helminth ova should be considered when septage sludge is treated and used for agriculture. Proper health protection measures must be applied for people handling septage.     

在市场中实践在实践中学习在学习中进步--工程公司市场化进程的回顾与展望

近两年来，工程公司在提高市场竞争意识、推动市场化进程中做了大量工作，其中坚持走出去的方针是我们自我加压、推行加快市场化步伐的一个重要战略步骤。     

新时期广东城市化的新特点

新时期广东城市化出现以下特点:知识源导向、城市由单体向群体化发展、产业集群推动、政府主导自上而下的集约化发展、城镇化向城市化转变、由重“数量”发展向重“质量”发展的转变。     

新形势下高校强化基建财务管理的探讨

在市场条件下高校基建财务人员在加强日常财务管理的同时,必须树立起高度的工作责任心,抓好事前监督、事中监督、事后监督三个环节,全面理解、贯彻执行《高等学校财务制度》,管好用好各项基本建设资金,提高基建财务管理水平,更好地完成高校各项基建任务,以有限的投资,最快的建设速度,获得最大的投资效益。     

2005年北京办公物业市场七大趋势

趋势一:CBD区域写字楼集中放量从各区域规划方案上看,CBD区域多数项目在03～04年处于项目的报批手续及拆阶段,预计2005年正式推向市场,因此2005年CBD区域将成为北京市场供应集中的域,区域即将供应的项目有北京财富中心(二期)、金地国际花园、万达广场、SOHO尚都、万通中心、世纪财富中心、怡禾国际中心、光华国际等。除去未知项目,2005CBD写字楼办公面积的供应量为60万平方米左右。中关村区域经过一段时间的集中供后开始逐步放缓,2005年供应的体量相对较大的项目有中关村金融中心、新中关。金街区域可能开盘的项目只有2个:英蓝国际中…     

浅谈我国工程项目建设成本控制存在的问题

结合目前我国施工企业工程项目成本管理现状,对工程项目成本管理过程中存在的问题进行了较详细的分析,并提出了一些解决问题的办法,以做好项目成本控制工作,进而增强企业经济实力。     

Variation in property taxation in Tulsa

Conclusions It may be reasonably concluded from this study that the range of variation in these ratios of assessed to actual value are of a reasonable size for the great majority of cases. The frequency distribution of these sample ratios was not normal, however, as was assumed a process of this type would produce. On the other hand, the failure of the regression analysis to identify any significant variables which would explain these variations would tend to re-enforce the assumption that the fluctuations were indeed of a random nature.To sum it up in one paragraph, aside from a few extreme cases, the assessing process appears to give estimates which are more consistent than would be expected under the assumption that any errors would be of a random nature, but the regression analysis was unable to isolate any particular socioeconomic characteristics which would explain the variation which was present.Financial support for this research project was furnished by the University of Tulsa.