核电厂冷源海生物探测预警及决策支撑系统研究

针对多个核电厂频发的由于海生物(海洋生物)入侵,导致取水口堵塞,影响核电厂冷源安全的问题,通过调研、分析事件发生的原因,以综合智能传感技术、计算机软件硬件技术、数字信号处理技术为基础,采用物联网技术、云计算以及大数据技术,通过水下声学探测和微光成像技术,实现对水域生物及异物远程实时监测,设计了探测预警及决策支撑系统。该系统对监测信息进行存储、分析和处理,并在电脑客户端和手机上实时显示,为工作人员可提供应急决策支撑。经过相应关键设备的研制和试验,结果表明,该系统能够整体提升核电站冷源安全可靠性,能够有效地预警海生物入侵,减少对电厂经济性和安全性的影响。     

核电厂海洋生物探测预警多源信息融合技术研究

为了解决核电站冷源系统海洋生物入侵问题,建立海洋生物探测预警模型,以大亚湾核电站为研究对象,从影响核电厂海洋生物入侵主要原因出发,分析了海洋生物密度、相对流速、相对风速、盐度和温度5个因素对海洋生物入侵的影响。结果表明:基于线性回归模型和模糊神经网络两种预测方法分别对多传感器的采样数据进行分析计算,得到了基于多源信息融合的海洋生物探测预警模型;通过对5种因素数据特征的融合技术,即可得到海生物入侵强度值,进而判断核电厂取水口堵塞的可能性;实测数据表明,两种算法的估计误差均可控制在[-0.2,0.2]以内,欧氏距离分别0.016 8、0.007 8。研究表明,本研究中得到的海洋生物探测预警模型预测精度高,可用于核电站海洋生物的探测预警,保证核电冷源安全。     

浅谈某核电厂海工设计与改进

核电厂海工系统的设计关系到核电厂的取水安全。我国许多核电厂出现过由于海生物爆发、台风等造成停机停堆事件。本文通过对我国南方某核电厂取水安全问题引发的降功率和停机停堆事件进行讨论,引出该核电厂的海工设计问题,并对该核电厂针对海工设计的改进方案进行分析研究。结果表明,改进后的海工系统在拦截能力、抗风浪能力、海生物预警等方面都有了很大提高,可有效保障核电厂的取水安全。     

高速公路智能雾区预警诱导系统设计

在全面分析雾区行车安全的基础上,基于无线传感器技术提出了一种具有感知,决策的高速公路智能雾区预警诱导系统设计方案,对系统的功能进行了设计、重点研究了各子系统的组成,分析了各子系统的智能感知、决策流程等关键技术。研究表明,该系统能够通过检测路段大雾出现时的能见度、自动启动系统动态限速、实时监测雾区内车辆行驶状态,对雾区路段车辆提供导航,对有安全隐患的车辆及时预警,提供雾区路段交通情况实时报告,为管理方及时准确做出决策提供可靠依据。     

浅谈高大模板支撑系统在混凝土浇筑期间实时监测的重要性

高支模系统本身具有多样性、复杂性及高危性的特点,近年来,高支模系统坍塌事故频繁发生,严重威胁着大型建筑的施工安全,产生了不良的社会影响。高支模系统在浇筑混凝土期间是最危险、最易造成安全事故的作业时间段,对其进行实时监测和预警是保障工程施工进度和施工安全的重要条件之一。结合国内某新型高大模板支撑系统安全监测系统,且通过在实际工程中的运用,介绍了实时监测系统的优点和工作情况,在此基础上总结了监测前及监测中的关键环节,并展望了高大模板支撑系统实时监测的发展和运用前景。     

邻近地铁的深基坑智能化安全监测系统研究及应用

以杭州某临近地铁深基坑为工程背景,研究邻近地铁深基坑智能化安全监测系统,通过对深基坑深层水平位移、地表沉降和地下水位进行实时监测,实时传输监测数据、实时分析和实时预警,保证基坑安全施工.基坑开挖过程中,邻近地铁的基坑边出现较大的深层水平位移,接近预警值,现场及时发出预警,并提出解决措施,验证了该基坑智能化安全监测系统的...     

基于实时监测的整体钢平台模架控制技术

为了提高超高层建筑整体钢平台模架施工过程的安全性,能够实时监测整体钢平台模架状态信息和支撑系统状态信息以及实现整体钢平台模架爬升过程同步性,本文基于传感技术、组态软件技术和PLC控制技术,对超高层建筑爬升模架设备安全状态监测、评估、预警及控制进行研究,并研发了智能支撑装置以及整体钢平台模架监控系统.监控软件实测结果显示...     

一种塔吊倾斜度智能监测系统的设计

塔吊危险性高,如何实时监测塔吊倾斜状态是很多建筑施工单位重点关注的技术改造内容。本设计在充分研究塔吊垂直度与其安全关系的基础上,提出基于无线通信技术的塔吊防倾覆智能监测研究,设计出一套具有实时、现场和远程监控塔吊安全状态的系统,以构建具有预报和预警功能的建筑用塔吊安全监测机制。测试结果表明,该系统能够实时高效监测塔吊倾斜度,塔顶检测仪和地面监控仪能够有效改善和提高塔吊施工的安全性。     

排水实时模型在上海市的实际运行效果

上海市对排水系统遥测数据、天气预报、一维和二维水力模型及网页发布等应用系统进行集成,建成了上海市示范地区排水系统暴雨积水的预报预警和泵站调度的决策支持实时模型平台,该平台目前已成功运行,为上海市城市内涝风险预警及调度提供了技术支撑。本文以该实时预警平台为基础,首先简要介绍了该实时模型平台,并结合具体降雨事件,说明了模型平台的实际运行过程及原理。     

核电厂计算机应急辅助决策系统设计实现及改进

本文介绍的核电厂计算机应急辅助决策系统是根据国家、核电厂条例法规和应急规范,将核电厂应急准备、应急对策、应急防护措施以及应急状态的终止和恢复措施以及演习、培训等应急响应工作,通过计算机、网络、通讯等技术集成为一个具备采集接收、存储、分析、处理和发布核电厂应急工作信息的计算机平台。该平台能够为应急管理和指挥决策制定合理、有效的应急预案,提供强有力的技术支持,提高应急管理和指挥决策的科学性和时效性,可以在突发事件发生时快速地做出处理决策,减少事件带来的危害。     

冰蓄冷在唐山百货大楼空调系统改造中的应用

介绍了该空调改造工程冰蓄冷系统的设计，对蓄冰系统进行了技术经济比较。运行情况表明，空调系统达到了设计要求，经济效益明显。     

Carbon cycling in a zero-discharge mariculture system

Interest in mariculture systems will rise in the near future due to the decreased ability of the ocean to supply the increasing demand for seafood. We present a trace study using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes and chemical profiles of a zero-discharge mariculture system stocked with the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Water quality maintenance in the system is based on two biofiltration steps. Firstly, an aerobic treatment step comprising a trickling filter in which ammonia is oxidized to nitrate. Secondly, an anaerobic step comprised of a digestion basin and a fluidized bed reactor where excess organic matter and nitrate are removed. Dissolved inorganic carbon and alkalinity values were higher in the anaerobic loop than in the aerobic loop, in agreement with the main biological processes taking place in the two treatment steps. The δ¹³C of the dissolved inorganic carbon (δ¹³C_DIC) was depleted in ¹³C in the anaerobic loop as compared to the aerobic loop by 2.5-3‰. This is in agreement with the higher dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations in the anaerobic loop and the low water retention time and the chemolithotrophic activity of the aerobic loop. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N of organic matter in the mariculture system indicated that fish fed solely on feed pellets. Compared to feed pellets and particulate organic matter, the sludge in the digestion basin was enriched in ¹⁵N while δ¹³C was not significantly different. This latter finding points to an intensive microbial degradation of the organic matter taking place in the anaerobic treatment step of the system.     

Hydrogen-dependent denitrification in a two-reactor bio-electrochemical system

An autotrophic biological process was developed for the treatment of nitrate-contaminated drinking water. The system comprised of two steps: the water to be treated was first enriched with hydrogen (energy source) in the cathodic chamber of an electrochemical cell, and then denitrified in the bioreactor. The bioreactor was a packed bed of granulated activated carbon, and the water flow was directed in an upward continuous mode. The system was operated for one year, at various water velocities and current intensities. Denitrification rates up to 0.25 kg N m-3 d-1 were obtained at the hydraulic residence time of 1 h. The system was stable. When detected in the effluent, the concentration of nitrite was low, even under conditions that resulted in the elution of very high concentrations of nitrate.     

Flow generated by a thermal plume in a cooled-ceiling system

The transient and steady states of the flow generated by a heat source inside a closed room provided with a cooled-ceiling system at constant temperature are experimentally studied. During the transient regime the plume generated by the source interacts with the ambient fluid and, after it reaches the top contour, spreads under the latter giving place to the formation of a horizontal thermal front that eventually descends affecting the whole room. It is found that the formation and velocity of the descending front are determined by the filling-box model in an insulated space but with a smaller temperature difference between both sides of the front. The steady state is established when the heat supplied by the source is completely absorbed by the ceiling allowing a convective process to take place characterized by a turbulent flow in the major part of the room and by a thermal boundary layer developed below the ceiling, where vortexes and little plumes form, the detection of which is allowed by the application of synthetic schlieren technique. Analogies with the results obtained in the classical Rayleigh-Benard experiments allow an insight of the mechanisms of heat transfer in order to improve the indoor comfort in buildings under similar conditions to those discussed here.     

Detoxification of effluents in a macrophyte treatment system

Piggery effluent was phytotoxic in an aquatic plant filter system in which Typha domingensis Pers. was grown hydroponically on wastewater percolating through a gravel substrate. A mixture of acetic, propionic and butyric acids at concentrations equivalent to those found in the effluent (16.1, 6.7 and 3.3 mM, respectively) reduced the transpiration, fresh weight production and root fibrosity of Typha seedlings in nutrient solution, the effect being more severe at high salinity. Bioassay with germinating wheat suggested that acetic acid was the major phytotoxin, with propionic acid also contributing. The capacity of the system to stabilise organic acids was investigated in laboratory incubation experiments. Algae occurring in the aufwuchs on the gravel substrate played a critical role in dissipation by supplying oxygen to associated bacteria, rather than by heterotrophy, since decay was inhibited by addition of the photosynthetic inhibitor, terbutryne. Implications for the design and operation of efficient macrophyte filter systems are discussed.     

桃浦热网计量无线遥测系统

介绍了一个集中供热热网流量无线遥测系统，该系统采用自动化仪表技术，无线电通信技术和计算机技术，可实现计量数据自动检测，无线传输与计算机数据处理机功能，能及进了解锅炉房运行参数及用户用汽情况，可用于现有城市热网计量系统。     

Bifurcations in a stochastically disturbed nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom system

In this paper a generalized Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitrolposky (KBM) averaging method and the stochastic averaging technique of Stratonovich are employed to analyzed the bifurcation problem of two nonlinearly coupled oscillators disturbed by two uncorrelated Gaussian stationary random forces. A multi-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation and its associated Ito differential equations are obtained. Primary and secondary bifurcation solutions are determined. It is found that the bifurcation points and solutions are shifted to the left of the diagrams with respect to their deterministic counterparts. The implication of the results are discussed.