高职创新创业教育人才培养模式研究

人才培养模式实施创新创业人才培养目标的关键。本文从当前职业教育发展的形势入手,分析了高职创新创业人才模式存在的问题,提出高职创新创业人才培养模式构建思路。     

工业机器人专业创新创业人才培养模式研究

工业机器人专业是随着现代智能化社会和生产发展起来的一个新型专业,对于本专业的人才培养方案的研究正在初步形成。随着目前国家政策提出的创新创业能力的培养与专业知识相结合的出台,文章结合创新创业能力的培养和专业知识能力的提高,提出了一种工业机器人创新创业的人才培养模式的研究方法。指出了工业机器人的人才培养方案可以融入创新创业的元素,完善工业机器人专业的课程建设方案,培育出更高素质、更具创新能力的高技能人才为企业所用,也给其他开设工业机器人专业的学校提供一些人才培养模式的建议。     

基于孵化衍生网络的应用型创新创业人才培养机制研究

文章通过对高校创新创业人才培养现状分析,充分发挥由一定地域内高校集群、科研院所集群和企业集群形成的孵化衍生网络的作用,积极探索孵化衍生网络对高校创新创业人才培养的服务途径,以期为高校创新创业人才培养提供参考。     

南京邮电大学BME专业创新创业型人才培养的研究与实践

从以实验室建设与创新创业人才培养为切入点,通过论述实验平台是BME专业培养创新人才的源头、专业建设要适应人才培养的新要求、实验室开放和实验仪器共享是创新创业人才的培养有力保障等方面,充分利用专业自己的优势,培育自身特色,错位发展,走可持续发展之路,争取人才培养上一个新台阶。     

“互联网 +”创业创新人才培养思考

"互联网+"时代的到来,在为企业带来机遇和挑战的同时,也为大学生的创业创新提供了新的环境,引领大学生开展互联网+创业创新活动。本文围绕创业人才培养,首先分析目前大学生创业创新人才培养模式的现状,然后分析互联网+时代创业创新人才培养的必要性,最后就如何开展"互联网+"创业创新人才培养提几点看法。     

地方高校艺术设计专业创新创业人才培养的实践与探索——以大庆师范学院艺术设计专业创新创业人才培养模式的研究与实践为例

艺术设计教育的本质就是要培养造就具有创新创业精神的复合型、高素质的艺术人才。当今,设计教育面临着市场经济发展的极大挑战,压力与机遇同在,实力决定机遇,变就业为创业是当今艺术设计毕业生的一个重要特点。只有与国情相结合,从培养创新型艺术设计人才出发,把培养社会急需的专业设计人员和具有创新型知识结构与创业精神的人才体系相结合,才能适应高度智能化发展的社会的需求。文章就如何培养创新、创业型艺术设计人才,在教育模式和教学实践中作粗浅探讨。     

艺术设计专业创业型人才培养模式创新研究

目前,我国各类院校中的艺术设计专业得到了广泛的重视,且与创意产业之间形成了比较紧密的联系。因此,社会、市场对于艺术设计专业人才的需求相对较大。但是,艺术设计专业的人才目前面临就业难的问题。基于此背景,高校在艺术设计专业人才培养中应着重培养创业型人才,文章对此进行分析。     

构建适应工程监理行业转型升级创新发展的人才培养模式

通过对我国现阶段建设工程监理行业的现状及未来发展前景的分析,提出了现阶段建设工程监理人才培养模式存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出了创新建设工程监理人才培养模式的几点建议。     

公安院校大学生创业状况调查与创业型人才培养模式研究

近几年来，公安院校招录体制改革之后，其教育教学模式要根据培养目标的不同加以转变。本文在分析公安院校的大学生创业的状况基础上，探求创业型人才培养的发展思路。     

基于“两平台+三模块”的高职院校创新创业人才培养体系研究和实践

创新创业教育适合我国教育的改革和发展,对我国的社会和经济协调发展具有重要意义,已经成为我国高等教育的国家战略。创新创业人才培养体系迫在眉睫,而高职教育的特点和人才培养目标,又更加迫切地要求广大高职院校将创新创业教育放在特殊重要地位。文章在调查和实践的基础上,研究了基于"两平台+三模块"的高职院校创新创业人才培养体系的构成及其相关保障措施。     

Mercury in fishes of Alaska, with emphasis on subsistence species

In the north, the presence of mercury (Hg) in food leading to chronic exposure is a scientific, economic and political issue. Guidelines have been established for the safe consumption of fish containing Hg, however, adherence to these guidelines must be weighed against the health benefits of consuming fish, such as from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Alaskan Natives generally consume much more fish than the national average. This review summarizes and synthesizes the significant amount of data that has been generated on Hg in Alaska fish, particularly those consumed by Alaskans. Also included are a review of the benefits of eating fish, human health concerns relating to Hg toxicity and various risk assessment guidelines for food consumption. Emphasis was placed on methylmercury (MeHg), the most toxic form to humans. Hg concentrations were examined in 17 freshwater fish species and 24 anadromous and marine fish species, for a total of 2,692 specimens. For freshwater fish the greatest database was on northern pike (Esox lucius). For anadromous and marine fish the greatest database was on Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and the five species of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Overall, most fish had muscle Hg concentrations of < or =1 mg kg(-1) (wet wt.), within the USFDA's Action Level and Alaska's guideline for safe concentrations of MeHg in edible fish. Pacific salmon, the most commonly consumed fish group, had exceptionally low (< or =0.1 mg kg(-1)) Hg concentrations. Pacific halibut muscle Hg content was less than 0.3 mg kg(-1). Northern pike, a piscivorous (fish-eating) and long-lived fish, contained the highest muscle Hg values, often exceeding the state's guidelines for food consumption. A discussion of the safe consumption level for pike is included.     

Environmental radioactivity levels in Malaysian marine species

Radioactivity measurements were carried out on some Malaysian marine species using gross γ‐ray spectrometry. ¹³⁷Cs levels of the order of 7 to 10 Bq/dry kg were detected in the larger‐sized species whereas considerably lower levels were found in the smaller‐sized ones. No other artificial radioisotopes were present in significant concentrations. ⁴⁰K levels ranged from about 70 to 567 Bq/dry kg. The concentration factors for both ^l17Cs and ⁴⁰K in these samples were also reported.     

The effectiveness of five natural products against three species of harmful algae

The effects of five natural products on the growth of three harmful algae species including Chattonella marina Hara et Chihara, Alexandrium tamarense Balech and Karenia mikimotoi (Miyake & Kominami ex Oda) G. Hansen & Ø. Moestrup were observed. Four products including ε‐polylysine, betaine, stachydrine and berberine exhibited selectively inhibitory effects against the three algae. However, the other product chitosan had no obvious inhibition against the above algae. Berberine and ε‐polylysine exhibited relatively higher inhibitory capability against C. marina, and betaine had the highest inhibitory effect against A. tamarense. While only berberine could effectively inhibit the growth of K. mikimotoi with LC_{50, 120} at 3.1 mg/L. The fast inhibitory effect against K. mikimotoi and environmental safety of berberine suggested that it might be a potential algaecide against K. mikimotoi.     

圆唇散白蚁与五种蜚蠊酯酶同工酶的比较研究

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦电泳技术对圆唇散白蚁的长翅成虫,工蚁、兵蚁与五种蜚蠊雌成虫的酯酶同工酶进行了比较研究.结果表明,圆唇散白蚁长翅成虫有11条酶带,工、兵蚁各有10条酶带.圆唇散白蚁与五种蜚蠊具4条共有酶带,其中,圆唇散白蚁与中华地鳖有8条共带,相似系数最高.酯酶同工酶可反映出等翅目与蜚蠊目昆虫的进化关系.     

Traditional and molecular analyses for fecal indicator bacteria in non-point source subtropical recreational marine waters

The use of enterococci as the primary fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) for the determination of recreational water safety has been questioned, particularly in sub/tropical marine waters without known point sources of sewage. Alternative FIB (such as the Bacteroidales group) and alternative measurement methods (such as rapid molecular testing) have been proposed to supplement or replace current marine water quality testing methods which require culturing enterococci. Moreover, environmental parameters have also been proposed to supplement current monitoring programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the health risks to humans from exposure to subtropical recreational marine waters with no known point source. The study reported symptoms between one set of human subjects randomly assigned to marine water exposure with intensive environmental monitoring compared with other subjects who did not have exposure. In addition, illness outcomes among the exposed bathers were compared to levels of traditional and alternative FIB (as measured by culture-based and molecular-based methods), and compared to easily measured environmental parameters. Results demonstrated an increase in self-reported gastrointestinal, respiratory and skin illnesses among bathers vs. non-bathers. Among the bathers, a dose–response relationship by logistic regression modeling was observed for skin illness, where illness was positively related to enterococci enumeration by membrane filtration (odds ratio = 1.46 [95% confidence interval = 0.97–2.21] per increasing log10 unit of enterococci exposure) and positively related to 24 h antecedent rain fall (1.04 [1.01–1.07] per increasing millimeters of rain). Acute febrile respiratory illness was inversely related to water temperature (0.74 [0.56–0.98] per increasing degree of water temperature). There were no significant dose–response relationships between report of human illness and any of the other FIB or environmental measures. Therefore, for non-point source subtropical recreational marine waters, this study suggests that humans may be at increased risk of reported illness, and that the currently recommended and investigational FIB may not track gastrointestinal illness under these conditions; the relationship between other human illness and environmental measures is less clear.     

Lead-210 and polonium-210 concentrations in some species of marine molluscs.

Data are presented for 210Pb and 210Po concentrations in three species of molluscs collected in the intertidal region of the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Lead-210 activity in the soft tissue of the edible mussel Perna perna was 20 times higher than that found in its shell. The visceral mass contained the largest activity for both radionuclides, which is attributed to the feeding habits of the molluscs. Animals collected from Ponta Negra beach (open sea) showed higher concentrations of isotopes than those collected from Boa Viagem beach (within Guanabara Bay).     

Differential sensitivity of three cyanobacterial and five green algal species to organotins and pyrethroids pesticides

In this work, five organotins and pyrethroids pesticides were tested to examine their effects on the three cyanobacteria Anabaena flos-aquae, Microcystis flos-aquae, Mirocystis aeruginosa and on the five green algae Selenastrum capricornutun, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Scenedesmus obliqnus, Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella pyrenoidosa through 96 h acute toxicity tests. The results indicated that: (1) the decreasing order of the average acute toxicity to cyanobacteria and green algae of five dissimilar organotins and pyrethroids pesticides was: fentin hydroxide > cyhexatin > azocyclotin > fenbutatin oxide > beta-cyfluthrin. (2) Wide variations occurred in response to the tested pesticides among the eight individual species of cyanobacteria and green algae. The sensitivity of various species of algae exposed to fenbutatin-oxide varied over one order of magnitude, exposed to cyhexatin/fentin-hydroxide/beta-cyfluthrin varied over two orders of magnitude and exposed to azocyclotin varied three orders of magnitude. (3) In contrast with the sensitivity of cyanobacteria and green algae, cyanobacteria were much less sensitive to beta-cyfluthrin than green algae. The pollutants may result in a shift of green algal and cyanobacterial group structure, especially in a shift from dominance by green algae to dominance by cyanobacteria, and may sustain cyanobcterial blooms during the special period. Thus, the decreasing order of the aquatic ecological risk was: beta-cyfluthrin > fentin hydroxide > cyhexatin > azocyclotin > fenbutatin oxide. There was a strong variance between toxicity and ecological risk, i.e. "low toxicity" does not automatically imply "low ecological risk". The toxicity of pyrethroids pesticides was lower than that of organotins pesticides, whereas the aquatic ecological risk of pyrethroids pesticides was higher than that of organotins pesticides.     

Biomagnification of mercury in selected species from an Arctic marine food web in Svalbard

Concentrations and biomagnification of total mercury (TotHg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were studied in selected species from the pelagic food web in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard. Twelve species of zooplankton, fish and seabirds, were sampled representing a gradient of trophic positions in the Svalbard marine food web. TotHg and MeHg were analysed in liver, muscle and/or whole specimens. The present study is the first to provide MeHg levels in seabirds from the Svalbard area. The relative MeHg levels decreased with increasing levels of TotHg in seabird tissues. Stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) were used to determine the trophic levels and the rate of biomagnification of mercury in the food web. A linear relationship between mercury levels and trophic position was found for all seabird species combined and their trophic level, but there was no relationship within species. Biomagnification factors were all > 1 for both TotHg and MeHg, indicating biomagnification from prey to predator. TotHg levels in the different seabirds were similar to levels detected in the Kongsfjorden area in the 1990s.     

Persistent organic pollutants in edible marine species from the Gulf of Naples, Southern Italy

Edible tissues from 10 marine species, collected from the Gulf of Naples in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy) between February and July 2003, were analysed for the presence of organochlorine pesticides hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and DDTs (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, and p,p'-DDD), and 20 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The PCB levels (calculated as the sum of all the determined congeners) were found to be the highest (from 56.8 to 47909.5 ng/g on lipid basis), followed by the DDTs (sum of p,p'-DDT and its metabolites; 相似文献   

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in marine species from French Frigate Shoals, North Pacific Ocean

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were analyzed in: sediment; coral (Porites evermanni); fish (Stegastes fasciolatus, Neoniphon sammara, Acanthurus triostegus and Mulloidichthys vanicolensis); crab (Grapsus tenuicrustatus); lobster (Panulirus marginatus); and eel (Conger cinereus, Gymnothoraxflavimarginatus, G. undulatus and G. meleagris) samples collected from Tern Island and the corresponding reference samples from Disappearing Island. The two islands are part of French Frigate Shoals, a national wildlife refuge in the North Pacific Ocean. The dominant congeners 118, 138 and 153 represent 22-25, 32-34, 12-39, 37-46 and 30-55% of the sum of PCBs in the coral, sediment, fish, crab and eel, respectively. In general, high trophic species such as eels were found to highly bioaccumulate PCBs. The total average PCB concentrations were as high as 96 and 29 microg/g dry wt. in eels and damselfish, respectively, from Tern Island. The localized behavior and high bioaccumulation potential for PCBs suggest that damselfish are an excellent species for monitoring PCBs in small areas in the ocean. The high average concentrations of the sum of PCBs in different food chain levels suggest that pollution source(s) are around Tern Island and possibly around Disappearing Island. Aroclor 1254 and its analogs are suspected sources responsible for PCBs in the samples.