用蒙古裸腹溞替代卤虫喂养大菱鲆和牙鲆鱼苗的试验研究

研究了蒙古裸腹溞MoinamongolicaDaddy在室内水泥池中的大规模培养技术,并进行了用其部分或全部替代卤虫投喂大菱鲆Scophtalmusmaximus和牙鲆Paralichthysolivaceus稚幼鱼的试验,结果表明:蒙古裸腹溞在室内大规模培养是可行的;全用小球藻培养的蒙古裸腹溞以及经小球藻营养强化的用酵母培养的蒙古裸腹溞作饵料,完全可以满足大菱鲆及牙鲆鱼苗的营养需要。用不同食物组合投喂大菱鲆的试验表明,鱼类生长速度为50%裸腹溞+50%卤虫组>裸腹溞组>卤虫+配合饲料组,但差异不显著;用该溞投喂牙鲆组的鱼类生长与用卤虫投喂组的没有显著差异。而蒙古裸腹溞培养费用仅为卤虫的1/10,因此,用蒙古裸腹溞可以部分替代或全部替代卤虫作为大菱鲆及牙鲆鱼苗的优质饵料,大幅度降低育苗成本。     

蒙古裸腹溞休眠卵诱发规律的研究

诱发实验表明低温１６ ℃是蒙古裸腹氵蚤由孤雌生殖到两性生殖转化最强烈的刺激因子。降温、种群密度 （ 碰撞率） 、拥挤水 （ 代谢产物积累） 和食物密度对蒙古裸腹氵蚤生殖转换作用显著， 而三种食物的质量、光期和盐度缓变 （３１２ ～５００） 未见作用。影响蒙古裸腹氵蚤繁殖转化的食物小球藻密度阈值在２ ×１０３ ～５ ×１０ ３ 个／ ｍ Ｌ 之间， 种群密度下限阈值为０３ 个氵蚤／ ｍ Ｌ， 低温上限阈值为１６ ℃。低温１６ ℃分别与食物密度和光期对蒙古裸腹氵蚤的繁殖转换有显著协同作用。     

壳纹船卵溞的盐度适应性研究

为了阐明壳纹船卵溞Scapholeberis kingi Sars的盐度适应性,通过野外调查和实验生态学方法,研究了壳纹船卵溞的形态特征、分布、急性盐度耐受性,以及(25±1)℃恒温条件下盐度对其存活、生长和繁殖的影响。结果表明:壳纹船卵溞在淡水河流、池沼和湖泊水库分布较广;急性毒性试验结果显示,盐度对壳纹船卵溞的24、48 h的半致死盐度(LC_(50))分别为3.35和2.27,安全盐度为0.31;慢性毒性试验结果显示,壳纹船卵溞在0.5盐度组表现出最高存活率和最长寿命,其寿命显著高于1.5、2.0盐度组(P<0.05),体长增长率在1.5盐度组最高且1.0、1.5盐度组显著高于对照组和0.5盐度组(P<0.05),初次产幼数在1.0盐度组最大且显著高于2.0盐度组(P<0.05),总生殖量在1.0盐度组最大且对照组、0.5、1.0盐度组均显著高于1.5和2.0盐度组(P<0.05),溞净增殖量、内禀增长率、周限增长率和世代周期均在0.5和1.0盐度组较高,总体高于或接近对照组(P>0.05),而1.5和2.0盐度组各项种群增长参数均较低。研究表明,壳纹船卵溞对盐度的耐受性较低,盐度适当升高(0.5～1.0)可促进其生长和生殖,壳纹船卵溞对盐度具有较高的敏感度,可作为受试生物用以指示和监测海水侵蚀、淡水污染和盐碱化等。     

蒙古裸腹溞营养成分分析与评价

本文首次报导了蒙古裸腹溞的一般组成、氨基酸及脂肪酸组成.与其它海水饵料生物比较表明,氨基酸组成和一般成分基本相似,突出的是蛋氨酸含量高,完全能满足鱼虾生长对必需氨基酸的需要.20:5ω3等高度不饱和脂肪酸的含量高达15.1％,对海水鱼虾生长也是十分有利的. 因此,从营养成份角度来评价蒙古裸腹溞应该是一种很有前途的海水仔稚鱼、虾的活饵料。     

5种裸腹溞的核型及亲缘进化关系的研究

以5种裸腹溞Moina为试验材料进行了染色体数目和核型的研究。染色体制片采用气干法,依据Levan等和Stebbins的标准进行染色体分类。结果表明:蒙古裸腹溞M.mongolica的核型公式为2N=6M+18T,NF=30,1A;多刺裸腹溞M.macrocopa,2N=10M+12T,NF=32,1A;直额裸腹溞M.rectirostris,2N=12M+12T,NF=36,1B;微型裸腹溞M.micrura,2N=10M+14T,NF=34,1A;近亲裸腹溞M.affinis,2N=12M+14T,NF=38,1B。在此基础上进一步探讨了5种裸腹溞的亲缘进化关系,认为5种裸腹溞按进化地位的高低顺序依次为直额裸腹溞>近亲裸腹溞>多刺裸腹溞>微型裸腹溞>蒙古裸腹溞。     

0~#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞的毒性研究

为了解石油烃污染对水域环境中枝角类生长、繁殖和发育的影响,进行了0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞Moina mongolica的急性毒性和慢性毒性试验。结果表明:0#柴油对蒙古裸腹溞的24 h LC50和48 h LC50分别为2.00、0.09 mg/L,安全浓度为5.47×10-5mg/L;在不同柴油浓度下,蒙古裸腹溞的存活时间、第1次产幼时间及数量、单个母溞的产幼总数及总胎数整体上均呈现出随浓度的升高而减小的趋势;在柴油浓度为0、1×10-5mg/L低浓度试验组中,蒙古裸腹溞的内禀增长率、周限增长率、平均世代时间和净生殖率等指标相对较高,在高浓度试验组中相对较低,整体上这些指标呈现出随柴油浓度的升高而降低的趋势。     

模拟工厂化培养蒙古裸腹溞的试验研究 Ⅱ .培养技术和产量指标的研究

及时投喂酵母,加大培养用水的日交换率,增大引种种群个体的数量、幼体百分率(80%以上)和成体怀幼数,并在适宜的密度(5000个/L左右)和采获率(30%)下采获,对提高蒙古裸腹MoinamongolicaDaday的日产量有益。在微流水、日投喂200～300万个/mL小球藻并搭配投喂150mg/L干酵母,培养用水日交换率0 5～1 0的条件下,蒙古裸腹的日产量近100g/(m3·d);蒙古裸腹的种群增长可用Logistic曲线方程Nt=11/(1+e1 967-0 318t)描述,并依照种群增长曲线探讨了提高日产量的途径。     

培养密度和容积对西藏拟溞生长和生殖的影响

在温度为(17±1)℃和盐度为16±1的条件下,研究了培养密度(0.1、0.2、0.3个/mL)和容积(20、50、80、150 mL)对西藏拟溞Daphniopsis tibetana生长和生殖的影响。结果表明:在试验范围内,低种群密度比高种群密度更有利于西藏拟溞的生长和繁殖,当种群密度为0.1个/mL时,最有利于溞体的生长和繁殖,当种群密度达到0.3个/mL时,水体中开始出现雄体(CV3组除外);在容积试验中,容积为20～80 mL时,西藏拟溞的体长随着容积的增大而增大,容积为80 mL时,最适宜溞体的生长和生殖;西藏拟溞的生殖量随着体长的增加而增加。     

氨对蒙古裸腹氵蚤的毒性

研究了总氨及非离子氨对蒙古裸腹氵蚤（ＭｏｉｎａｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＤａｄａｙ）的急慢性毒性，得出非离子氨对蒙古裸腹氵蚤的２４ｈＬＣ５０及其９５％置信限为９．８９（１１．５１～８．４９）ｍｇ／Ｌ，４８ｈＬＣ５０及９５％置信限为７．５２（８．１１～６．９７）ｍｇ／Ｌ（ｐＨ８．４８，２５℃），对应的总氨值分别为１４９．６２（１７４．１３～１２８．４４）ｍｇ／Ｌ及１１３．７７（１２２．６９～１０５．４５）ｍｇ／Ｌ。同时，以体长相对增长率、产幼前发育期、每胎产幼数、产幼间隔及内禀增长率（ｒｍ）为指标，观察了氨对蒙古裸腹氵蚤生长、生殖的影响。得出非离子氨对蒙古裸腹氵蚤生长的未察觉反应浓度（ＮＯＥＣ）为２．６３ｍｇ／Ｌ，最低察觉反应浓度（ＬＯＥＣ）为４．１７ｍｇ／Ｌ，总氨值分别是３９．８１ｍｇ／Ｌ和６３．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ；对生殖各指标的ＬＯＥＣ为２．６３ｍｇ／Ｌ，ＮＯＥＣ为１．６６ｍｇ／Ｌ，总氨值分别为３９．８１ｍｇ／Ｌ和２５．１２ｍｇ／Ｌ     

盐度对圆形盘肠溞存活、生长和繁殖的影响

在(25±1)℃恒温条件下,研究了圆形盘肠溞Chydorus sphaerius在不同盐度下的急性和慢性试验。急性盐度试验设置盐度为1、2、3、4、5、6、7,观察不同时刻溞体的死亡情况,计算24h半致死浓度(24hLC50),慢性试验设置盐度为0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5,进行圆形盘肠溞的寿命、发育、繁殖和种群增长试验,每个试验的每个盐度组均设5个重复。结果表明:急性盐度试验中,圆形盘肠溞的24hLC50为2.64mg/L;慢性盐度试验中,低盐度0.5组圆形盘肠溞的内禀增长率和周限增长率均高于对照组,且产前发育期随盐度的增加有不同程度的缩短,这显示了盐度对其繁殖的积极作用,但盐度为1.5及以上的试验组,圆形盘肠溞的内禀增长率、世代周期、净生殖率和周限增长率均与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。研究表明,圆形盘肠溞对盐度变化较为敏感,其能否作为海产苗种的一种饵料,需要盐度驯化的进一步研究。     

Comparison of photocatalysis and photolysis of malathion, isomalathion, malaoxon, and commercial malathion--products and toxicity studies

Malathion, one of the most widely applied insecticides, is still used in agriculture. There are many studies regarding its degradation under different experimental conditions, but few deal with its transformation products, i.e. malaoxon and isomalathion. Thus, malathion, malaoxon, isomalathion, and Radotion (one of its over 6000 commercial forms) were studied in terms of their degradation kinetics, identification of their transformation products, their toxicity, and their degree of mineralization, during UV photolysis (lambda = 254 nm) and TiO(2) photocatalysis (lambda = 355 nm). The degradation kinetics was similar for all four starting materials. More than 75% of theoretically expected sulfur in PS and P-S groups was oxidized after 240 min of photolysis and photocatalysis. On the other hand, less than 30% of stoichiometrically predicted amounts of phosphate was detected in the photolytic experiments, but more than 80% of expected phosphate was detected after photocatalytic treatment of all four organophosphorous materials. Several transformation products were identified by mass spectra of representative gas chromatographic peaks. Oxidation and isomerization were found as the main reactions of butenedioc acid diethyl esters and their analogs. The formation of malaoxon, isomalathion or trimethyl phosphate esters correlated well with the induced toxicity (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase), which was observed in photocatalysis of malathion and Radotion, and in photolysis of malaoxon and Radotion.     

Quantities and associations of lead, zinc, cadmium, manganese, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and copper in fresh Mississippi delta alluvium and New Orleans alluvial soils

The topic of this study is the effect of anthropogenic metals on the geochemical quality of urban soils. This is accomplished by comparing the metal contents and associations between two alluvial soils of the lower Mississippi River Delta, freshly deposited alluvial parent materials and alluvial soils collected from a nearby urban environment. Fresh alluvium samples (n = 97) were collected from the Bonnet Carré Spillway. The urban alluvial soil samples (n = 4026) were collected from New Orleans and stratified by census tracts (n = 286). The Spillway samples tend to have less Pb and Zn than generally noted for the baseline of natural soils. Except for Mn and V, Spillway alluvium contains significantly less metal than urban soils. For Spillway samples, the median metal content (in microg g(-1)) is 4.7 Pb, 11.1 Zn, 0.7 Cd, 164 Mn, 0.8 Cr, 3.9 Ni, 3.2 V, and 3.9 Cu. For urban soils, the median metal content (in microg g(-1)) is 120 Pb, 130 Zn, 3.2 Cd, 138 Mn, 2.1 Cr, 9.8 Ni, 3.8 V, and 12.7 Cu. Metal associations also differ between Spillway alluvium and urban alluvial soils. Fresh alluvium correlation coefficients between individual metals vary from 0.87 to 0.99 (P < 10(-13)) except for Cr which ranges from 0.57 to 0.68 (P < 10(-7)). The urban soil correlation coefficients for metals and the index value are 0.40-0.98. In urban soils, Pb, Zn, Cr, and Cu are dominant metals and highly associated, with a correlation coefficient ranging from 0.83 to 0.98 (P < 10(-25)). Their strong association justifies the use of GIS to map the integrated soil metal index (sum of the medians of metals by census tract) of New Orleans. Although also positively correlated (0.40-0.68, P < 10(-10)), Cd, Mn, Ni and V differ in their distribution in the city compared to Pb, Zn, Cr and Cu. Overall, significantly higher metal values occur in the inner city and lower values occur in outlying areas. The human health impact of the mixture of metals is not well understood. This study provides empirical data about the mixture and distribution of metals in New Orleans alluvial soils. Given common technical development, especially of traffic flows in cities, similar patterns of soil metals are expected for all US cities and probably international cities as well. Primary prevention of urban metal accumulations is necessary to enhance and sustain the development of urban culture.     

城市风貌特色的维护、弘扬、完善和塑造

城市风貌特色鲜明是世界上绝大多数优秀城市所共有的一种品质.城市风貌特色具有历史积淀、形态延续和有序演进三大特点.我国城市风貌特色的维育应善于把握城市发展和建设机遇,树立城市人工建设和自然要素的和谐观,遵循总体调控、分区突出倾向、局部彰显特色的原则,努力构建多样统一、和而不同的城市风貌特色.     

室内、空间、环境

步入90年代室内空间设计在飞速发展,“传统”概念向模糊化发展,世界流行文化室内空间设计师越来越注重“共性化”的创造。室内空间设计更有引人注目之处。如大型复合商业设施的升级,历史文化的底蕴,自然材料的应用,高科技的应用。中国在近50年里室内空间设计有了很大的发展,今后应在“国际新文化环境”的创造方面予以更多的重视。     

厦门市生态空间规划管控历程、特征及优化策略

生态空间规划管控是实现生态空间治理和推进生态文明建设的基础.文章回顾与评价了厦门经济特区设立以来的生态空间规划管控历程,并结合国土空间规划体系改革要求和生态理念,对市级生态空间规划进行了思考,从而提出了转变规划思维、调整规划方法,统筹全市域、全要素生态空间;衔接国土空间规划、生态设计、生态修复及生态相关规划,运用"多规...     

Building,Thinking, and Politics: Mies,Heidegger, and the Nazis

The Djoser funerary complex was meant to be a house for a god and a metaphor for the sky. Today, it is usually understood that this original work of classical architecture is a vacant house of stone “from which the gods have fled.”

This difference does not have to be understood as a further sign of an irrecoverable loss of meaning. It is a historical doubling of meaning, or a duplicity. This article explores the duplicity of meaning of the Djoser complex by comparing references to architecture in the Pyramid Texts with texts of contemporary criticism, in particular, “The Pit and the Pyramid” by Jacques Derrida.     

长春科技文化综合中心

三座石质立方体即为三座博物馆．围绕在中心入口楼周围．形如风车上的叶板。这样的建筑设定清晰地表达了三座场馆的功能差异。三座立方体建筑雕塑感十足．高雅而极具个性的开放空间成为入口大堂，令三座展馆别具一格。     

Determination of Co,Cu, Fe,Hg, Mn,Sb, Se and Zn in milk samples

Concentrations of Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Sb, Se and Zn in IAEA milk (dry) standard A-11 were re-evaluated with the help of instrumental and radiochemical neutron activation analysis (NAA). The results show reasonably good agreement for Co (5.1 ± 0.55 ng/g) and Zn (34 ± 2.5 μg/g), in relation to the recommended values. For Cu (374 ± 15 ng/g), Fe (2.4 ± 0.34 μg/g) and Mn (250 ± 20 ng/g); the results obtained are lower than the reported values.Cu, Mn, and Zn were cross-checked by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results, Cu = 331 ± 27 ng/g, Mn = 302 ± 62 ng/g, and Zn = 35 ± 1 μg/g, fall within the range of mean values obtained by NAA.For Hg and Se, using instrumental NAA, only upper limits could be indicated; because of the low levels of concentrations of Hg and Se on one hand, and high content of P (9100 μg/g) in A-11 milk standard on the other, NAA coupled with radiochemistry is to be preferred for these two elements.In pooled human milk, in addition to Cu and Mn (radiochemical) and Co, Fe, Sb and Zn (instrumental), Hg and Se could also be determined non-destructively because of the favourable Hg/P and Se/P ratios in this matrix.