用高效液相色谱法测定鱼虾中的喹烯酮

应用高效液相色谱法建立了鱼虾中喹烯酮残留量的测定方法。以罗非鱼和凡纳滨对虾肌肉样品为代表材料,经乙酸乙酯提取,正己烷脱脂,用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法进行检测。结果表明:喹烯酮标准品在0.02¹.0μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,R2=0.9998,加标回收率为81.2%1.0μg/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,R2=0.9998,加标回收率为81.2%¹07.0%,相对标准偏差为0.13%107.0%,相对标准偏差为0.13%⁷.7%,检出限为20μg/kg。     

均相时间分辨荧光(HTRF)法测定重组单抗含量

建立了一种HTRF检测方法,可以快速、简便、稳定地测定重组单克隆抗体的含量。将检测试剂、标准品及待测样品加入96孔板,孵育后即可在酶标仪上读取荧光信号值,用软件对信号值进行四参数曲线拟合,绘制标准曲线,根据标准品四参数方程计算待测样品中抗体的含量;同时对方法进行了验证。结果表明:该方法专属性强,抗体含量测定范围为25¹000 ng/ml,线性相关系数在0.99以上,回收率范围为92.8%1000 ng/ml,线性相关系数在0.99以上,回收率范围为92.8%¹03.6%,平均为98.9%;该法精密度较好,精密度的变异系数范围为0.2%103.6%,平均为98.9%;该法精密度较好,精密度的变异系数范围为0.2%¹1.6%,平均为4.3%。适用于生物制药工艺开发过程中细胞培养上清、纯化产物及制剂中抗体含量的测定。     

ICP-MS法测定复方龙血竭胶囊中5种有害元素的残留量

目的:建立复方龙血竭胶囊中铅、镉、砷、汞、铜5种重金属及有害元素含量的测定方法。方法:采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS),样品经微波消解后测定,在线引入内标以校正基体效应。结果:各元素在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9990);检测限为0.389 ng·g-1³.548ng·g-1;加样回收率为87.5%3.548ng·g-1;加样回收率为87.5%¹09.4%,RSD(n=9)均小于9.1%。结论:该方法较简便、快速、准确,可用于复方龙血竭胶囊中有害元素的测定。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定冰晶石中的铁

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定冰晶石中铁的分析方法。样品用高氯酸溶解后,在0.48mol/L的盐酸介质中用空气-乙炔火焰测定了样品中的铁,测定结果与有色金属行业标准方法(邻二氮杂菲光度法)的分析结果一致。检出限为0.004 11mg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.95%⁴.5%,加标回收率为98.00%4.5%,加标回收率为98.00%¹01.49%。     

离子色谱法测定水中7种阴离子

建立了离子色谱法同时测定水中7种阴离子的方法。样品过滤后,采用IonPac AS-19阴离子色谱柱分离,KOH溶液梯度淋洗,电导检测器检测水中氟离子、亚氯酸盐、溴酸盐、氯离子、硝酸盐、氯酸盐、硫酸盐的含量。7种阴离子线性关系良好r>0.998 8,加标回收率为91.6%¹08%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%108%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.13%⁸.8%。样品前处理简便,分离度和加标回收率均较高,适用于水中7种阴离子的测定。     

HPLC法测定祛风湿中成药中的糖皮质激素

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定祛风湿中成药中曲安西龙、氢化可的松和地塞米松的分析方法。方法:样品以甲醇进行超声提取,以ODS色谱柱分离,流动相为乙腈:水(40∶60);流速为1.0ml/min;检测波长为241nm;柱温为40℃。结果:各糖皮质激素成分在2.75⁴4.00μg/ml范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9999,平均回收率为98.34%44.00μg/ml范围内呈线性关系,r=0.9999,平均回收率为98.34%⁹8.41%。结论:本方法简便准确,重现性好,可用于祛风湿中成药中曲安西龙、氢化可的松和地塞米松3种糖皮质激素的检测。     

用高效液相色谱法检测底泥环境中孔雀石绿的方法

研究了用高效液相荧光法检测养殖池塘底泥中孔雀石绿的方法,比较了不同提取液对孔雀石绿的提取效果,针对相应的提取液用正交试验建立最佳提取方案,采用硼氢化钾将孔雀石绿还原成隐色孔雀石绿后用高效液相色谱荧光检测器进行定量分析。结果表明:前处理中采用甲醇和二氯甲烷混合提取比较简单,最适宜提取方案是提取液用量为20 mL,震荡提取5 m in,重复提取2次;硼氢化钾还原效果良好,用量2 mg即能将该体系中的孔雀石绿完全还原。本方法在0.5⁸00 ng/mL范围内具有很好的线性,孔雀石绿总量最低检出限为0.36μg/kg。孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿的加标回收率分别为82.4%800 ng/mL范围内具有很好的线性,孔雀石绿总量最低检出限为0.36μg/kg。孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿的加标回收率分别为82.4%⁸4.8%、88.1%84.8%、88.1%⁹2.3%,相对标准偏差为3.16%92.3%,相对标准偏差为3.16%⁴.74%、1.91%4.74%、1.91%⁴.11%。     

LC-MS/MS法检测生鲜乳中三聚氰胺的一点改进

在《原料乳与乳制品中三聚氰胺检测方法》(GB/T 22388-2008)的基础上,对生鲜乳中三聚氰胺提取和复溶步骤略作改进,达到操作简便,结果准确可靠。以检测限500¹000倍做添加,用1%三氯乙酸作为提取溶剂,采用涡旋震荡的方式辅助溶剂萃取法提取生鲜乳,提取液用Waters Oasis MCX固相萃取柱进行净化浓缩,氮气吹干后再用流动相做同等倍数的稀释。以Waters ACQUITY BEH HILIC色谱柱为分离柱,在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱仪进行测定。对流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱的离子化进行考察,在2.01000倍做添加,用1%三氯乙酸作为提取溶剂,采用涡旋震荡的方式辅助溶剂萃取法提取生鲜乳,提取液用Waters Oasis MCX固相萃取柱进行净化浓缩,氮气吹干后再用流动相做同等倍数的稀释。以Waters ACQUITY BEH HILIC色谱柱为分离柱,在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱仪进行测定。对流动相组分和流动相添加剂对质谱的离子化进行考察,在2.0²0.0ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.99),样品在10.0μg/kg的添加水平上回收率为85%20.0ng/mL范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.99),样品在10.0μg/kg的添加水平上回收率为85%⁹7%,相对标准偏差为3.0%。本方法能够克服生鲜乳中三聚氰胺检测时基质干扰大,影响定量准确度的问题。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜冶炼渣中镍

通过对铜冶炼渣化学组成和性质的研究,确定了测定镍的实验方法。铜冶炼渣中二氧化硅含量在20%⁴0%,硫含量10%40%,硫含量10%²0%,样品的分解具有一定的难度,必然影响镍的测定结果,因此需在样品分解过程中加入一定量的氟化氢铵、溴使二氧化硅生成四氟化硅、硫生成硫化氢挥发除去,溶液中其余共存元素主要有铜、银、铁、锌等元素不干扰测定结果,在硝酸(5%)介质中,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镍的含量,测定范围为0.01%20%,样品的分解具有一定的难度,必然影响镍的测定结果,因此需在样品分解过程中加入一定量的氟化氢铵、溴使二氧化硅生成四氟化硅、硫生成硫化氢挥发除去,溶液中其余共存元素主要有铜、银、铁、锌等元素不干扰测定结果,在硝酸(5%)介质中,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镍的含量,测定范围为0.01%¹%,加标回收率在99.5%1%,加标回收率在99.5%¹00.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.61%100.4%,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)在0.61%¹.18%,检出限为0.004μg/mL,方法快速,简捷,能够满足日常生产检测需要。     

多道全自动原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的砷和汞

采用湿法消解对不同地区不同深度的土壤进行前处理,在最佳的实验条件下,应用原子荧光光谱法测定砷和汞的含量,测定的相对标准偏差As为1.4%².3%,Hg为2.0%2.3%,Hg为2.0%³.5%,加标回收率As为91%3.5%,加标回收率As为91%¹06%,Hg为96%106%,Hg为96%¹02%。方法操作简单、快速,检出限、准确度均能满足土壤环境样品检验的要求。     

污泥制砖存在问题浅析

污泥制砖符合国家的环保政策,但在技术方面还待进一步创新和突破。为此分析了污泥制砖在技术方面、环保方面和社会大众认可方面存在问题及相应的改进措施。     

干旱区绿洲环境下的新疆小城镇建设投资

一、研究区域基本现状新疆地处欧亚大陆腹地,地貌轮廓表现为“三山夹两盆”,山地与平原的面积大致各占50%,镶嵌于戈壁沙漠的绿洲仅有7万平方公里。新疆土地面积166.49万平方公里,占全国总面积的六分之一。气候干旱,荒漠广布,是中国最大的干旱区,是亚洲干旱核心区,也是世界上著名的干旱区之一。水资源短缺,生态极度脆弱。新疆2004年底有1950万人,人均GDP已经超过了1000美元,城镇化进入了快速发展阶段,特别是小城镇的发展速度较快。但新疆特殊的干旱区绿洲环境,使得小城镇的发展存在许多问题。一是城镇规模小而散,基础设施配套差,城镇集散和…     

Levels of manganese in the urine of female farmers in non-polluted regions in Japan

Nearly 1500 urine samples were collected from female farmers in eight regions widely scattered in the islands of Japan in the winter of 1987-1988. The samples were analysed for manganese by wet ashing and flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry under strict quality control. The values observed after adjustment for a specific gravity of 1.016 were distributed log-normally with a geometric mean of 0.65 microgram/l and a geometric standard deviation of 2.47. There was no effect of aging or any effect of smoking on the urinary manganese concentration. The inter-regional difference may be present but not yet conclusive. As no sex difference was observed in a previous study, it may be possible to deduce that the value may possibly stand for the "background" level of both men and women, either smoking or non-smoking, among the general Japanese population. The observed value is discussed in comparison with values reported in the literature.     

Typification of Fires in Buildings in Spain

Although the Dirección de General de Protección Civil (DGPC), an agency of the Spanish government, has been responsible for the collection of data and the statistical analysis of fires since 1985, it has not as yet issued any reports. It is true that a couple of studies have been made, but in neither case did they use a standardized methodology but relied simply on the heterogeneous information provided by the fire brigades which cooperated in the studies. At that time Spanish fire brigades did not have special units for professional fire investigation, nor was the information derived from standardized methodologies suited to research purposes. In addition, information was extremely scarce and basic, focussed only on the fire, the use of the building and personal data of the victims. In this context, the project for a Fire Investigation Unit in the Fire Brigade of Málaga (the sixth largest Spanish province in inhabitants) was set up. Although inspired in the methodologies used in the USA and in the UK, the aim was to create a customized methodology for the first scientific investigation of fires in Spain. Our research was conducted in 2007. Using the methodologies of the USA and the UK, our own methodological approach and the Spanish regulations, we drew up a questionnaire with 110 variables arranged into 6 modules. We studied 96 fires out of the 154 emergency fire calls received in 2007, having omitted some emergency calls for various reasons. Our results revealed that it was necessary to generalize the installation of fire extinguishers in residential buildings, to train the general public in the use of these devices, to promote the use of fire and smoke detectors in residential buildings, to encourage the inspection and control of old electric installations and to monitor the new installations, to generalize the implementation of emergency and evacuation plans and to design new systems and materials for the cabinets where hand-held extinguishers are stored.     

分光光度法测水中余氯

介绍了用双硫腙分光光度法测定水中余氯的新方法，阐述了其测定试验过程，根据试验结果显示，其结论符合国家标准，表明该方法可用于自来水等样品中余氯含量的测定，结果比较准确。     

Intersections of inequality in homeownership in Sweden

Abstract

Inequalities relating to ownership of housing have become a major issue de jour in many Western societies. This article examines how the distribution of homeownership in Sweden relates to two factors widely seen as significant to such inequalities, namely parental tenure status and place of birth. We use longitudinal registry data to examine the bearing of these two factors on individual-level tenure progression since the beginning of the 1990s for persons at different stages of their housing careers. We extend existing understandings of Swedish homeownership patterns by demonstrating that inequalities relating to place of birth and parental tenure intersect with one another in ways that substantially advantage certain subgroups while disadvantaging others, and by demonstrating that experiences of entry into homeownership have in recent years been changing in markedly different ways for these different subgroups. Overall, Swedish homeownership inequalities, far from dissipating, appear to be hardening along existing lines.     

莳花在城市绿化中的应用

目的:花化、香化、彩化已成为城市园林绿化的主要趋势,也是为满足人们对环境要求越来越高的一种心境。方法:选择采用莳花能表现出品种繁多,色彩艳丽等不同的方式,从而能在很大程度上丰富了植物造景的层次感要求。结果:能使其达到美化环境、增添节日气氛、提高绿化品质等方面有着突出的作用。结论:莳花造景对城市的美化可达到立杆见影效果,从而提高城市的形象和品位。     

日本城市浅层地下空间利用的新成就

本文结合日本川崎市站前广场和神户市哈巴兰德地区的立体化再开发，分析介绍当前日本浅层地下空间开发利用的成就和特点。     

遗传算法在边坡稳定系数计算中的应用

边坡稳定性的关键问题是确定最危险滑动面(潜在最危险滑动面)和边坡的稳定系数。国内外一般是采用先假定边坡滑移模式,然后近似确定最危险滑动面,再求近似的边坡稳定系数的方法来分析边坡的稳定性,但假设的边坡滑移模式难以反映边坡滑移的实际状态。因此本文探索利用遗传算法搜索最危险滑动面,并得到最小稳定系数及对应的最危险滑动面曲线,取得了较好的效果。     

地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道地质预报研究

针对地质情况复杂地区垫邻高速公路设计、施工中的具体问题，从地质预报的方法、原理方面入手，对地质情况复杂地区高速公路隧道施工中的地质超前预报工作进行了深入的研究，在分析归纳的基础上，提出合适的工作方法。