维生素C对大口黑鲈生长与非特异性免疫的影响

用添加不同剂量维生素C(分别为0、0.5、1、2、4 g/kg)的饲料喂养初始体重为19 g左右的大口黑鲈Micropterus salmoides2个月,研究维生素C对大口黑鲈生长及非特异性免疫的影响。结果显示:饲料中添加维生素C>1 g/kg,能显著促进大口黑鲈的生长,提高其脾体指数(P<0.05),然而对大口黑鲈的饲料系数、成活率、肥满度、内脏比指数以及肝体指数等的影响均不显著(P>0.05);试验前50 d,饲料中添加维生素C能显著提高大口黑鲈血清中溶菌酶的活力(P<0.05),第60 d,饲料中添加维生素C为2g/kg以上时,能显著提高大口黑鲈血清中溶菌酶活力(P<0.05);试验前30 d,饲料中添加维生素C能显著提高大口黑鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.05),后30 d大口黑鲈血清中超氧化物歧化酶活力下降;随着饲料中维生素C添加水平的提高,大口黑鲈肝脏中维生素C的积累量显著升高(P<0.05)。试验证明,维生素C能有效地提高大口黑鲈的生长与非特异性免疫能力。     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与治疗

细小病毒病是由细小病毒(CPV)引起的一种致死率极高的传染病又叫犬病毒性肠炎或出血性肠炎。该病感染率高,并且死亡率很高。临床犬以出血性肠炎或非化脓性心肌炎为其主要特征。该病几乎遍布世界各地,我国绝大部分地区均有流行。本病一年四季均可发生,但以春秋季多发。不同年龄、性别、品种的犬均可感染,并且死亡率很高。依据临床发病犬的种类来看,纯种犬和外来犬比土种犬的发病率要高。     

母猪细小病毒病的诊断与预防

猪细小病毒病的特征是受感染母猪,特别是初产母猪流产以及产出死胎、畸形胎儿和木乃伊胎儿,有时也可导致公、母猪不育。由于该病目前尚无有效治疗方法,因此,临床上主要依靠主动或被动免疫进行本病防控。     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与治疗

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒引起犬的一种急性多发性传染病.本病各种年龄、性别和品种的犬均易感.但纯种犬和2-4月龄幼犬易感性较高,死亡率也最高。临床以出血性肠炎和非化脓性心肌炎为特征。临床表现为剧烈呕吐、腹泻、便血及白细胞显著减少(肠炎型)和突然死亡(心肌炎型)为特征。通过临床症状、犬细小病毒试纸条检测阳性的结果,确诊该犬患有犬细小病毒病,用提高免疫力和防治继发感染的治疗原则进行治疗,取得很好疗效。     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与治疗

犬细小病毒病是由犬细小病毒引起的犬的一种高度接触性、急性、烈性、高致死性传染病,临床上以急性出血性肠炎和心肌炎为主要特征。文章介绍了犬细小病毒病的临床症状、诊断以及治疗。着重提出预防和治疗本病的关键是在未完成免疫程序之前,宠物主不要带幼犬外出或到犬多的地方。犬一旦患病,要做到"早发现,早诊断,早治疗",同时加强护理和对症治疗,及早应用犬细小病毒单克隆抗体和高免血清。     

犬细小病毒病的诊断与综合防治措施

犬科类动物在养殖过程中,很容易受到外界致病菌的威胁而患病,细小病毒病是其中一种传染性,致死率高的急性传染性疾病。最近几年,该种疾病在田东县肉狗养殖场中呈现高发趋势,因此,做好该种疾病防治工作就显得十分重要了。本文主要结合实际情况,就犬细小病毒的诊断和综合防治措施进行了分析,希望通过本次研究对更好提高该种疾病防治效果有一定助益。     

外压作用下大口径直缝焊接钢管几何缺陷和材料非均匀性影响的精确评估

在深海中,外部挤毁压力会导致受静水压力的主干线钢管发生破坏。这种失效模式是一种不稳定的现象,这是由钢管的几何形状和材料特性所决定,并通过将这些特性组合在一起而发生。这种极限破坏压力很难精确确定,对此二十年来的研究还未能搞清全部的问题。从分析和计算的角度分析受外部均匀压力的大口径直缝焊接钢管环的弹塑性破坏,且详细检验椭圆形的实际形状和材料非均匀性的重要影响。此研究受近来很多关于大口径直缝焊接钢管上所切环的实验研究的启发,且发现材料非均匀性会影响破坏模式,有时会在环的承载能力方面发生不可预料的降低,促进了潜在破坏模式的发生。重要的是,显示了这种性能很难遵循数值改变,包括例如Riks和提高弧长等鲁棒策略方法。此问题有助于对一些看上去异常的试验结果给出解释。     

羊痘的诊断与防治措施

羊痘是一种重要的动物痘病,是一种接触性传染病。羊痘是由羊痘病毒导致的,本病具有流行性,只会感染羊,而且本病的致死率很高。羊痘在发病的时候会在皮肤、粘膜等地方出现痘疹。在初期的时候,痘表现为丘疹,之后会变成水泡,再之后会变成脓疱,脓疱干后就会结成痂,痂脱落后羊痘就会痊愈。根据感染羊群的不同,羊痘可以分为绵羊痘和山羊痘,其中山羊痘的发病比绵羊痘缓慢。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征与猪圆环病毒病混合感染的诊断与防治方法探析

本试验旨在探讨猪繁殖与呼吸综合征与猪圆环病毒病混合感染的诊断与防治方法。试验选取20例经诊断确诊为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征与猪圆环病毒病混合感染的发病猪,随机分成A、B两组各60头,A组60头发病猪主要给予黄芪多糖与乳酸环丙沙星两种注射液治疗,B组在上述治疗的基础上额外注射自家苗,比较两组发病猪的治疗效果,同时总结猪繁殖与呼吸综合征与猪圆环病毒病混合感染的预防措施。实验期为7d,A组与B组的治愈率分别为85.0%和96.7%,且差异显著（P<0.05）,结果显示,黄芪多糖与乳酸环丙沙星以及自家苗注射液治疗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征与猪圆环病毒病混合感染效果显著,值得推广应用,同时在猪的养殖过程中需要积极预防控制猪繁殖与呼吸综合征与猪圆环病毒病混合感染的发生。     

几种常见猪病的诊断及防治

猪的各种疾病,对于养殖户来说,如果没有及时的防治,后果会非常严重。因此,本文专门针对猪的几种常见疾病进行分析,并且提出相应防治策略。     

新时代统编教材建设:实践特色与价值意蕴

进入新时代,党中央、国务院作出了中小学道德与法治(思想政治)、语文、历史三科教材统编统审统用的决策部署,明确提出编写好统编教材的政治要求、系统推出使用好统编教材的工作机制、牢牢把握宣传好统编教材的舆论导向,为新时代统编教材建设提供了基本遵循。坚持政治优势与制度优势相结合、坚持加强资源保障与夯实人才支撑相统一、坚持知识体系与育人体系良性互动、坚持政策引导与改革创新双向驱动,彰显了统编教材建设的实践特色。落实国家事权的新理念、探索教材治理的新路径、传播教材建设的新话语,凸显了统编教材发挥铸魂育人功能的重大价值。     

噬菌蛭弧菌Bd-9五种保藏方法的比较研究

作者对噬菌蛭弧菌Bdellovibriobacteriovorus的不同保藏方法进行了试验研究,并对其保藏效果进行了比较,结果表明,5种保藏方法中以冷冻干燥法保藏效果最好,21个月的复活率为100%,其次为4℃营养肉汤液保藏法和-20℃甘油保藏法,17个月复活率均为67%。     

An evaluation of biomarkers of reproductive function and potential contaminant effects in Florida largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoidesfloridanus) sampled from the St. Johns River

The objective of this study was to describe and compare several reproductive parameters for Florida largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) inhabiting the St. Johns River and exposed to different types and/or degrees of contamination. Welaka was selected as the reference site in this study because of its low urban and agricultural development, Palatka is in close proximity to a paper mill plant, the Green Cove site is influenced by marine shipping activities and Julington Creek site receives discharges of domestic wastewater and storm water runoff from recreational boating marinas. For this study, bass were sampled both prior to (September 1996) and during the spawning season (February 1997). In order to characterize chemical exposure, bass livers were analyzed for up to 90 trace organics and 11 trace metal contaminants. Reproductive parameters measured included gonadosomatic index (GSI), histological evaluation of gonads and plasma concentrations of vitellogenin (VTG), 17beta-estradiol (E2) and 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT). In general, the sum of organic chemicals was highest in livers from Palatka bass and bass from Green Cove and Julington Creek had higher hepatic concentrations of low molecular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls when compared to fish from Welaka. Metals were more variable across sites, with highest mean concentrations found in bass from either Julington Creek (Ag, As, Cr, Cu, Zn) or Welaka (Cd, Hg, Pb, Se, Tn). Female bass from Palatka and Green Cove had lower concentrations of E2, VTG and lower GSI in relation to Welaka. Males from Palatka and Green Cove showed comparable declines in 11-KT in relation to males from Julington Creek and GSI were decreased only in Palatka males. These results indicate a geographical trend in reproductive effects, with changes being most pronounced at the site closest to the paper mill (Palatka) and decreasing as the St. Johns River flows downstream. Since reproductive alterations were most evident in bass sampled from the site closest to the paper mill discharge, it is possible that exposure to these effluents might explain at least some of the results reported here. However, the presence of reproductive alterations in fish sampled at a considerable distance from the mill discharge (Green Cove, 40 km) would suggest exposure to chemicals released from sources other than the paper mill plant. It is clear that additional studies are needed to evaluate the potential impact of these reproductive changes in populations of Florida largemouth bass inhabiting the St. Johns River.     

A method to monitor the effects of toxicants upon breathing rate of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacépède)

An apparatus was designed to measure continuously the effects of nominal concentrations of copper, cadmium, phenol, ammonia and cyanide upon breathing rates in largemouth bass. Acute and sublethal toxic effects were indicated in a majority of cases by increased breathing rate. The use of this reaction and the monitoring apparatus to monitor a wide range of industrial pollutants was shown to be practicable. Consideration is also given to its possible application in local situations.     

An evaluation of the potential toxicity of treated bleached kraft mill effluent to striped bass (Morone saxatilis walbaum) larvae exposed through metamorphosis to the juvenile stage

Twenty-day-old striped bass (Morone saxatilis) larvae were exposed to a range of treated bleached kraft mill effluent (BKME) concentrations from 0 to 20% effluent by volume (v/v) under continuous flow test conditins. The experimental test concentrations in the 2–20% BKME test aquaria had a BOD₅ which ranged from < 1 to 5 mg l⁻¹, TSS 12–17 mg l⁻¹, and true color 35–416 mg l⁻¹. Bleached kraft mill effluent did not kill larvae exposed to it for 20 days through metamorphosis to the juvenile stage. The BKME did not alter growth in length, weight or condition factor in larvae over the 20-day exposure period as determined by multiple regression analysis. A linear regression analysis on the dry weight data at Day 20 only, however, indicated a trend of decreasing weight with increasing BKME concentration. Effluent-exposed larvae also developed normally during the 20-day study. All individuals examined completed the transformation from postlarvae to juveniles by the age of 40 days.     

梗阻性黄疸的超声诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨腹部超声在梗阻性黄疸的诊断价值。方法:选取2010-2012年在本院就诊的64例梗阻性黄疸患者,均进行常规腹部超声检查,了解梗阻的原因及部位。结果:胆结石合并胆管结石39例,胆管癌8例,胰腺癌6例,壶腹癌3例,慢性胰腺炎3例,胆管内栓子2例,腹膜后肿大淋巴结压迫胆管3例。结论:超声检查不仅可以了解梗阻性黄疸的原因,还可以了解梗阻的部位,简便、易行、准确率较高,但受患者肠胀气,会影响扫查效果。     

鳜养殖池塘底泥脱氢酶活性测定方法的研究

对鳜养殖池塘底泥脱氢酶活性的测定方法中的反应条件(反应温度、反应时间、萃取剂、萃取时间和缓冲液的pH等)进行了研究。结果表明:在反应时间为30 m in,缓冲液pH为8.4,反应温度为37℃,萃取剂为乙酸乙酯,样品萃取时间为1 h的条件下,对4个底泥样品中脱氢酶活性的重复测定结果显示,该方法有较高的精密度(变异系数≤5.89%)。     

产前诊断对先天性心脏畸形的诊断及临床分析

目的:探讨先天性心脏畸形(CHD)多普勒超声检查的诊断特点。方法:回顾性分析6982例孕妇中61例确诊为先天性心脏畸形胎儿的临床资料,分析CHD胎儿合并心内畸形、心外畸形及染色体异常的特点。结果:61例孕妇胎儿产前诊断异常中,房室间隔缺损所占比例最高,为44.3%,其他依次为肺动脉狭窄(13.1%)、大动脉转位(TGA)(11.5%)、右位主动脉弓(9.8%)、法络四联症(8.2%)、主动脉瓣闭锁或者狭窄(8.2%)、主动脉缩窄(6.6%)等,61例胎儿先天性心脏畸形中11例为心脏单发畸形,占比18.0%,20例为心脏复发畸形,占比32.8%;合并心外畸形41例,占比67.2%,合并染色体异常28例,占比45.9%;61例CHD胎儿家属同意引产有56例,追踪上级医院尸检结果或产后与产前诊断完全符合54例,占比98.2%,2例疑似主动脉缩窄胎儿产后尸检证实为主动脉弓中断,占比3.6%,出生的5例新生儿中3例符合产前诊断,超声诊断的完全符合率为93.4%(57/61),误诊率为6.6%(4/61)。结论:胎儿CHD常合并有其他心内畸形、心外畸形及染色体异常,超声检查在CHD诊断中准确度高,有重要的价值。     

彩色多普勒超声对颈部淋巴结结核的诊断及鉴别诊断

目的应用彩色多普勒探讨颈部淋巴结结核的超声特点和鉴别诊断。方法对85例颈部肿大的淋巴结的超声特点进行回顾性分析,其中35例临床确诊为颈部淋巴结结核,25例为转移性淋巴结,25例为反应性淋巴结。结果 35例颈部淋巴结结核中,超声检查肿大的淋巴结多位于胸锁乳突肌周围,淋巴结之间有粘连、融合现象,根据声像图的不同表现分为干酪脓肿型、增殖结节型、混合型。形态呈椭圆形,L/S比值与反应性淋巴结无显著差异（P〉0.05）,与恶性淋巴结相比有显著差异（P〈0.01）。35例淋巴结核中,20例出现淋巴门血流,淋巴结内血管数目较少,血流动力学显示频谱形态为低阻力型,阻力指数与反应性淋巴结无显著差异,与恶性淋巴结相比有显著差异。结论颈部淋巴结结核临床表现虽然不典型,但超声检查有一定的特点,通过这些特点的分析,结合其他辅助检查,有助于该病与慢性淋巴结炎、颈部转移癌、淋巴瘤等疾病的鉴别。     

老年人结肠癌彩超诊断与鉴别诊断

目的:探讨彩超在老年人结肠癌诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用。方法:回顾性分析63例经结肠镜活检或手术病理证实的老年结肠肿瘤彩超声像图。结果:结肠癌58例,非结肠癌5例。术前彩超诊断结肠癌55例,漏诊3例,误诊2例,非结肠癌3例,彩超诊断老年人结肠癌的敏感性94.8%,特异性60.0%,准确性92.1%,阳性预测值96.5%,阴性预测值50.0%。结论:彩超在老年人结肠癌诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。