不同类型淀粉及糖蛋白质比对鲤糖代谢能力的影响

为考察不同糖源对蛋白质的节约作用,以木薯淀粉(CS)和小麦淀粉(WS)为主要糖源,配制3组糖/蛋白质(C/P)比例分别为C5%/P32%、C10%/P30%、C20%/P28%的等能等脂饲料,以初始体质量为(55.73±3.55)g的鲤Cyprinus carpio作为养殖对象,在试验网箱中养殖8周。结果表明:CS、WS组中鲤肠道淀粉酶活性的最大值均出现在C10%/P30%组,显著高于C20%/P28%组(P<0.05);CS组中,C10%/P30%组鲤肝胰脏磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)活性显著高于C5%/P32%组(P<0.05),磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)活性显著低于C5%/P32%组(P<0.05);鲤血清中胰岛素(INS)、胰高血糖素(GC)含量最高值分别出现在C10%/P30%和C20%/P28%组,显著高于其他两组(P<0.05);WS组中,C5%/P32%组鲤肝胰脏PFK、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PD)、PEPCK、糖原合成酶(GS)活性显著高于C20%/P28%组(P<0.05);相同C/P比例条件下,CS组的葡萄糖含量显著低于WS组(P<0.05);CS组中,C10%/P30%组葡萄糖转运载体-2(GLUT2)及己糖激酶(HK)基因表达量显著高于其他两组(P<0.05),胰岛素受体(IR)基因表达量C10%/P30%组显著高于C5%/P32%组(P<0.05);而WS组中,各比例组IR、GLUT2及HK基因表达量均无显著性差异(P>0.05),相同C/P比例条件下,CS组的肠道钠钾葡萄糖共转运载体(SGLT1)基因表达量显著高于WS组(P<0.05)。研究表明,木薯淀粉及小麦淀粉对饲料蛋白质均有较好的节约作用,且木薯淀粉效果优于小麦淀粉。     

蛋氨酸铬对鲤糖代谢相关酶活性及IR、GLUT2和SGLT基因表达的影响

为探究蛋氨酸铬(CrMet)对鲤Cyprinus carpio糖代谢相关酶活性及糖代谢相关基因表达的影响,以酪蛋白为蛋白源,豆油为脂肪源,配制7组纯化饲料,其中Cr⁽³⁺⁾水平分别为0(对照)、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg。选取初始体质量为(40.95±4.80)g的鲤,随机分为7组,分别投喂7种饲料,每个组设置3个重复,每个重复放60尾鱼,饲养8周后,检测其肝胰脏糖代谢相关酶活性;禁食48 h后再投喂,再投喂0、3、6、12、24、48 h时检测Cr(3+)水平分别为0(对照)、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg。选取初始体质量为(40.95±4.80)g的鲤,随机分为7组,分别投喂7种饲料,每个组设置3个重复,每个重复放60尾鱼,饲养8周后,检测其肝胰脏糖代谢相关酶活性;禁食48 h后再投喂,再投喂0、3、6、12、24、48 h时检测Cr⁽³⁺⁾水平为0(对照)、0.8、3.2 mg/kg时鱼肝胰脏IR、GLUT2和肠道SGLT基因的表达量。结果表明:添加0.8 mg/kg Cr(3+)水平为0(对照)、0.8、3.2 mg/kg时鱼肝胰脏IR、GLUT2和肠道SGLT基因的表达量。结果表明:添加0.8 mg/kg Cr⁽³⁺⁾组的组己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),磷酸酵式丙酮酸激酶(PEPCK)活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而添加Cr(3+)组的组己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),磷酸酵式丙酮酸激酶(PEPCK)活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而添加Cr⁽³⁺⁾并未对葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活力产生显著影响(P>0.05);投喂24、48 h时,0.8 mg/kg Cr(3+)并未对葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活力产生显著影响(P>0.05);投喂24、48 h时,0.8 mg/kg Cr⁽³⁺⁾组IR mRNA表达量显著高于0、3.2mg/kg Cr(3+)组IR mRNA表达量显著高于0、3.2mg/kg Cr⁽³⁺⁾组(P<0.05);投喂3 h时,0.8、3.2 mg/kg Cr(3+)组(P<0.05);投喂3 h时,0.8、3.2 mg/kg Cr⁽³⁺⁾组GLUT2 mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),12、24、48 h时,0.8 mg/kg Cr(3+)组GLUT2 mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),12、24、48 h时,0.8 mg/kg Cr⁽³⁺⁾组GLUT2 mRNA表达量显著高于0、3.2 mg/kg Cr(3+)组GLUT2 mRNA表达量显著高于0、3.2 mg/kg Cr⁽³⁺⁾组(P<0.05);而不同Cr(3+)组(P<0.05);而不同Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加水平对鲤肠道SGLT mRNA表达量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,在饲料中添加CrMet能够提高鲤对糖的利用能力,建议Cr(3+)添加水平对鲤肠道SGLT mRNA表达量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,在饲料中添加CrMet能够提高鲤对糖的利用能力,建议Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加水平为0.8 mg/kg。     

蛋氨酸铬对鲤糖代谢相关酶活性及IR、GLUT2和SGLT基因表达的影响

为探究蛋氨酸铬(CrMet)对鲤Cyprinus carpio糖代谢相关酶活性及糖代谢相关基因表达的影响,以酪蛋白为蛋白源,豆油为脂肪源,配制7组纯化饲料,其中Cr~(3+)水平分别为0(对照)、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg。选取初始体质量为(40.95±4.80)g的鲤,随机分为7组,分别投喂7种饲料,每个组设置3个重复,每个重复放60尾鱼,饲养8周后,检测其肝胰脏糖代谢相关酶活性;禁食48 h后再投喂,再投喂0、3、6、12、24、48 h时检测Cr~(3+)水平为0(对照)、0.8、3.2 mg/kg时鱼肝胰脏IR、GLUT2和肠道SGLT基因的表达量。结果表明:添加0.8 mg/kg Cr~(3+)组的组己糖激酶(HK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活力均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),磷酸酵式丙酮酸激酶(PEPCK)活力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);而添加Cr~(3+)并未对葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活力产生显著影响(P>0.05);投喂24、48 h时,0.8 mg/kg Cr~(3+)组IRmRNA表达量显著高于0、3.2mg/kg Cr~(3+)组(P<0.05);投喂3 h时,0.8、3.2 mg/kg Cr~(3+)组GLUT2 mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),12、24、48 h时,0.8 mg/kg Cr~(3+)组GLUT2 mRNA表达量显著高于0、3.2 mg/kg Cr~(3+)组(P<0.05);而不同Cr~(3+)添加水平对鲤肠道SGLTmRNA表达量无显著性影响(P>0.05)。研究表明,在饲料中添加CrMet能够提高鲤对糖的利用能力,建议Cr~(3+)添加水平为0.8 mg/kg。     

饲料中不同糖源对杂交鲟幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分的影响

为探讨不同糖源对鲟鱼生长、饲料利用、血清生化指标和肌肉营养组成的影响,共配制5种含有不同糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉)的等氮、等脂试验饲料,饲养初始体质量为(31.88±1.96)g的杂交鲟Acipenser baerii♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂幼鱼8周。结果表明:各试验组的成活率和日摄食率无显著性差异(P>0.05);葡萄糖组终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),而饲料系数则显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);糊精组干物质表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率均为最高,且显著高于葡萄糖组和蔗糖组(P<0.05),但与玉米淀粉组和小麦淀粉组无显著性差异(P>0.05);葡萄糖组的血糖、血清胆固醇和血清甘油三酯含量均为最高,其中血糖和血清胆固醇指标显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而血清甘油三酯指标则与蔗糖组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他3个试验组(P<0.05);糊精组肌糖原含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而其余各组间则无显著性差异(P>0.05),糊精组肝糖原含量最低,且显著低于葡萄糖组和小麦淀粉组(P<0.05);葡萄糖组粗脂肪含量最高,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),小麦淀粉组粗蛋白质含量最高,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),但与玉米淀粉组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,在本试验条件下,玉米淀粉和小麦淀粉更适宜作为杂交鲟幼鱼饲料糖源。     

饲料中不同糖源对杂交鲟幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分的影响

为探讨不同糖源对鲟鱼生长、饲料利用、血清生化指标和肌肉营养组成的影响,共配制5种含有不同糖源(葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉)的等氮、等脂试验饲料,饲养初始体质量为(31.88±1.96)g的杂交鲟Acipenser baerii♀×Acipenser schrenckii♂幼鱼8周。结果表明:各试验组的成活率和日摄食率无显著性差异(P>0.05);葡萄糖组终末体质量、增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质沉积率均显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),而饲料系数则显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);糊精组干物质表观消化率和蛋白质表观消化率均为最高,且显著高于葡萄糖组和蔗糖组(P<0.05),但与玉米淀粉组和小麦淀粉组无显著性差异(P>0.05);葡萄糖组的血糖、血清胆固醇和血清甘油三酯含量均为最高,其中血糖和血清胆固醇指标显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而血清甘油三酯指标则与蔗糖组无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显著高于其他3个试验组(P<0.05);糊精组肌糖原含量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),而其余各组间则无显著性差异(P>0.05),糊精组肝糖原含量最低,且显著低于葡萄糖组和小麦淀粉组(P<0.05);葡萄糖组粗脂肪含量最高,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),小麦淀粉组粗蛋白质含量最高,且显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),但与玉米淀粉组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,在本试验条件下,玉米淀粉和小麦淀粉更适宜作为杂交鲟幼鱼饲料糖源。     

葡萄糖酸铬对锦鲤血清中4种激素及肝胰脏中糖代谢相关酶活性的影响

为研究不同葡萄糖酸铬添加量对锦鲤Cyprinus carpio血清中激素水平和肝胰脏中、糖代谢相关酶活性的影响,试验配制7种饲料,其中Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量分别为0(对照)、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg(饲料),选择初始体质量为(4.18±0.38)g的锦鲤525尾,随机分为7组,每组设3个重复,每个重复放25尾鱼,投饲养殖周期为8周。结果表明:在饲料中添加葡萄糖酸铬能显著降低锦鲤血清中皮质醇(COR)含量(P<0.05),Cr(3+)添加量分别为0(对照)、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mg/kg(饲料),选择初始体质量为(4.18±0.38)g的锦鲤525尾,随机分为7组,每组设3个重复,每个重复放25尾鱼,投饲养殖周期为8周。结果表明:在饲料中添加葡萄糖酸铬能显著降低锦鲤血清中皮质醇(COR)含量(P<0.05),Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量为0.8 mg/kg时能显著提高锦鲤胰岛素(INS)水平(P<0.05),胰岛素受体(ISR)水平在Cr(3+)添加量为0.8 mg/kg时能显著提高锦鲤胰岛素(INS)水平(P<0.05),胰岛素受体(ISR)水平在Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量≥0.4 mg/kg时显著高于对照组和0.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05),而不同Cr(3+)添加量≥0.4 mg/kg时显著高于对照组和0.1 mg/kg组(P<0.05),而不同Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量未对胰高血糖素(GC)造成影响(P>0.05);饲料中Cr(3+)添加量未对胰高血糖素(GC)造成影响(P>0.05);饲料中Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量≥0.2 mg/kg时,能显著提高锦鲤肝胰脏中葡萄糖激酶(GK)活性(P<0.05),显著降低葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6P)活性(P<0.05);Cr(3+)添加量≥0.2 mg/kg时,能显著提高锦鲤肝胰脏中葡萄糖激酶(GK)活性(P<0.05),显著降低葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶(G6P)活性(P<0.05);Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量为0.1(3+)添加量为0.1¹.6 mg/kg时,能显著提高丙酮酸激酶(PK)活性(P<0.05),显著降低磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基酶(PEPCK)活性(P<0.05);Cr1.6 mg/kg时,能显著提高丙酮酸激酶(PK)活性(P<0.05),显著降低磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧基酶(PEPCK)活性(P<0.05);Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量为0.4(3+)添加量为0.4⁰.8 mg/kg时,能显著提高葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性,Cr0.8 mg/kg时,能显著提高葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH)活性,Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量≥0.8 mg/kg时,琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性显著升高(P<0.05);除Cr(3+)添加量≥0.8 mg/kg时,琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性显著升高(P<0.05);除Cr⁽³⁺⁾添加量为3.2 mg/kg组锦鲤苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)外,其余各组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加葡萄糖酸铬可有效提高锦鲤对饲料中糖类物质的利用能力,建议饲料中Cr(3+)添加量为3.2 mg/kg组锦鲤苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)外,其余各组间均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加葡萄糖酸铬可有效提高锦鲤对饲料中糖类物质的利用能力,建议饲料中Cr⁽³⁺⁾的适宜添加量为0.8 mg/kg。     

慢性拥挤胁迫对鲤生长及血液生化指标的影响

研究了慢性拥挤胁迫对鲤Cyprinus carpio的生长及血液生化指标的影响,探讨了它们之间的相互关系。结果表明:经养殖28 d后,高密度组(70 g/L)鲤的终体重、特定生长率均显著低于中密度组(35g/L)和低密度组(对照组,密度6 g/L,P<0.05),中密度组鲤的终体重、特定生长率也低于低密度组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);高密度组和中密度组鲤血清中尿素氮水平极显著高于低密度组(P<0.01),高密度组与中密度组间差异显著(P<0.05);高密度组鲤皮质醇水平显著高于低密度组(P<0.05);高密度组鲤血清中游离脂肪酸、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶含量均极显著高于低密度组和中密度组(P<0.01);而高密度组血清总蛋白却极显著低于低密度组和中密度组(P<0.01);血糖、乳酸、胆固醇、甘油三酯和肌酐水平,3个组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

高血压脑出血患者的手术时机及方式与疗效的关系

目的:观察高血压脑出血患者的手术时机及方式与疗效的关系。方法:选取本院2011年6月-2013年6月收治的高血压脑出血患者140例,依据患者从发病到手术时间的不同分为A、B、C三组,A组患者50例,出血时间<7 h,B组患者40例,出血时间7~24 h,C组患者50例,出血时间>24 h。根据患者出血部位以及出血量的不同而选择骨瓣开颅术、颅骨钻孔术和小骨窗开颅术等手术方式,观察并比较患者的疗效及预后情况。结果:A组总有效率为92.00%(46/50)显著高于B组和C组的75.00%(30/40)和50.00%(25/50)(P<0.05);B组的总有效率显著高于C组(P<0.05);A组好转率88.00%(44/50)显著高于B组和C组的70.00%(28/40)和36%(18/50)(P<0.05);B组的好转率显著高于C组(P<0.05);A组病死率为2.00%(1/50)显著低于B组和C组的7.50%(3/40)和16%(8/50)(P<0.05);B组的病死率显著低于C组(P<0.05)。结论:手术时机以及手术方式对高血压脑出血患者的疗效及预后具有重要的影响。     

投喂频率和糖源组成对凡纳滨对虾糖代谢的影响

为研究投喂频率和糖源组成对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei糖代谢的影响,以初始体质量为(0. 38±0. 01) g的凡纳滨对虾为对象,采用3×2双因子试验方法,其投喂频率分别为2、5、7次/d,糖源饲料分别为蔗糖和玉米淀粉,经过56 d的生长试验,研究了不同投喂频率和两种糖源饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长、代谢酶、消化酶活性的影响。结果表明:蔗糖组和玉米淀粉组中投喂7、5次/d时对虾末体质量、特定生长率均显著高于投喂2次/d (P<0. 05);饲料系数以投喂2次/d时最高,且蔗糖组投喂2、5次/d时对虾的饲料系数均显著高于玉米淀粉组(P<0. 05);投喂频率和糖源交互作用对对虾肝胰腺己糖激酶活性影响显著(P<0. 05),凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中苹果酸脱氢酶和胃蛋白酶活性随投喂频率的增加显著升高(P<0. 05),各投喂频率下磷酸果糖激酶、脂肪酶活性差异显著(P <0. 05),趋势为投喂5次/d> 7次/d> 2次/d。研究表明,提高投喂频率可以获得较高的特定生长率和代谢酶活性,但两组糖源间无显著性差异。     

饲料中添加女贞子对镜鲤生长性能、消化酶活性以及肌肉品质的影响

研究了饲料中添加女贞子Ligustrum lucidum对镜鲤Cyprinus carpio var.Specularis的生长性能、消化酶活性及肌肉品质的影响。试验共设5个处理组:A组为基础饲料空白对照组;B组,在基础饲料中添加200mg/kg的大蒜素(纯度为25%);C、D、E组,在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数为0.5%、1.0%、1.5%的女贞子粉。每个处理组设置3个重复,每个重复组放10尾鱼(初始体质量为125.55 g±19.14 g)。试验共进行12周。结果表明:与空白组相比,添加女贞子粉试验组镜鲤的特定生长率和增重率显著降低(P<0.05);女贞子粉对镜鲤中肠和后肠消化酶的活性均没有显著影响(P>0.05);除D组外,其它试验组镜鲤前肠淀粉酶的活性显著提高(P<0.05);各试验组镜鲤前肠蛋白酶的活性均无显著差异(P>0.05);女贞子试验组镜鲤肌肉的持水能力和D组的pH1值显著降低(P<0.05),对肌肉营养成分无显著影响。     

Anaerobic fixed-film reactors treating carbohydrate wastewater

Anaerobic downflow stationary fixed-film reactors operated at 35°C, successfully treated synthetic (sucrose-based) wastewater of different concentrations at high organic loading rates and short hydraulic residence times. Waste stabilization was due to the high concentration of active biomass retained in the biofilm. Biofilm biomass concentration increased with organic loading rate reaching a maximum of 8.7 kg VFS m⁻³ of reactor volume (0.112 kg VFS m⁻² support surface). The biofilm was found to be completely active and unaffected by diffusional limitations up to an average thickness of 2.6 mm.     

Bacterial characteristics of activated sludges treating carbohydrate wastes

Activated sludge from the actual plants was used to treat industrial wastes rich in carbohydrate, in order to determine the capacity of sludge to accumulate polysaccharide and the role of such accumulation in the removal of carbohydrate from the wastes.The capacity to accumulate reserve polysaccharide was relatively high for sludges treating wastes with a high ratio of carbohydrate BOD to toal BOD, such as confectionery, fruit juice and soft drink wastes. With wastes having a relatively low percentage of carbohydrate BOD, such as kraft pulp, yeast culture and brewery wastes, the capacity to accumulate reserve polysaccharide was lower than that of the former sludges, even though the wastes contained a relatively large amount of carbohydrate. The sludges with the high capacity to accumulate polysaccharide also showed a high initial rate of glucose removal, although a definite realtionship was not observed between the activity of the sludges to remove glucose and the respiratory activity with glucose.     

Accumulation of reserve polysaccharide in activated sludges treating carbohydrate wastes

Activated sludge from the actual plants was used to treat industrial wastes rich in carbohydrate, in order to determine the capacity of sludge to accumulate polysaccharide and the role of such accumulation in the removal of carbohydrate from the wastes.The capacity to accumulate reserve polysaccharide was relatively high for sludges treating wastes with a high ratio of carbohydrate BOD to toal BOD, such as confectionery, fruit juice and soft drink wastes. With wastes having a relatively low percentage of carbohydrate BOD, such as kraft pulp, yeast culture and brewery wastes, the capacity to accumulate reserve polysaccharide was lower than that of the former sludges, even though the wastes contained a relatively large amount of carbohydrate. The sludges with the high capacity to accumulate polysaccharide also showed a high initial rate of glucose removal, although a definite realtionship was not observed between the activity of the sludges to remove glucose and the respiratory activity with glucose.     

Plant carbohydrate limitation on nitrate reduction in wetland microcosms

Although nitrate limitation in most natural wetlands results in pseudo-first-order reductions, large site-to-site variations in apparent denitrification rates cannot be easily explained by water quality (e.g., pH, Temp, DOC) or plant productivity. Our microcosm results show increasing nitrate removal efficiencies at higher ratios of total applied plant carbon to nitrate reduced, suggesting that denitrification rates may be limited by the rates of supply of both electron donor or acceptor, described by an applied carbon to nitrate (C(App): N(Red)) ratio. However, the observed first-order rate constants varied more strongly (r2 = 0.77, p <0.0001) with the acid-soluble carbohydrates to nitrate (CH2O(App): N(Red)) ratio than the total C(App): N(Red) ratio. Although observed rate constants for bulrush (Scirpus sp.) were significantly lower (0.01 相似文献   

Kinetic model of algal growth incorporating intracellular carbohydrate and phosphorus pools

A series of studies on a kinetic model of photosynthesis, nutrient ingestion, and metabolism for algal growth were conducted. Coefficients included in the proposed model were examined referring to experimental data on growth of Chlorella sp. It was shown that the proposed model can simulate the mechanism of algal growth, change of intracellular phosphorus content, change of intracellular carbohydrate content, and effects of nutrients on algal growth.     

Determination of carbohydrate in lake sediment by a modified phenol-sulfuric acid method

A spectrophotometric method for the assay of carbohydrates in lake sediments and soil is described that is based on the measurement of color development in phenol-sulfuric acid at 485 nm. The method is more sensitive than the previously used proximate method and consumes less time. The spectrophotometric procedure is therefore advantageous as only a minute quantity of sample (2–50 mg) is required for the carbohydrate determination.     

ASBR处理高浓度有机废水数学模型

以模拟试验的数据为依据,考察了进水碱度对ASBR反应器中生化反应速率的影响,用MATLAB数学工具进行数据处理,建立了ASBR反应器处理高浓度有机废水的数学模型,该模型能够较好地模拟ASBR反应器处理高浓度有机废水的厌氧硝化过程。     

Application of high rate, high temperature anaerobic digestion to fungal thermozyme hydrolysates from carbohydrate wastes

The objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of using a two-step, fully biological and sustainable strategy for the treatment of carbohydrate rich wastes. The primary step in this strategy involves the application of thermostable enzymes produced by the thermophilic, aerobic fungus, Talaromyces emersonii, to carbohydrate wastes producing a liquid hydrolysate discharged at elevated temperatures. To assess the potential of thermophilic treatment of this hydrolysate, a comparative study of thermophilic and mesophilic digestion of four sugar rich thermozyme hydrolysate waste streams was conducted by operating two high rate upflow anaerobic hybrid reactors (UAHR) at 37 °C (R1) and 55 °C (R2). The operational performance of both reactors was monitored from start-up by assessing COD removal efficiencies, volatile fatty acid (VFA) discharge and % methane of the biogas produced. Rapid start-up of both R1 and R2 was achieved on an influent composed of the typical sugar components of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW). Both reactors were subsequently challenged in terms of volumetric loading rate (VLR) and it was found that a VLR of 9 gCOD l⁻¹ d⁻¹ at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1 day severely affected the thermophilic reactor with instability characterised by a build up of volatile fatty acid (VFA) intermediates in the effluent. The influent to both reactors was changed to a simple glucose and sucrose-based influent supplied at a VLR of 4.5 gCOD l⁻¹ d⁻¹ and HRT of 2 days prior to the introduction of thermozyme hydrolysates. Four unique thermozyme hydrolysates were subsequently supplied to the reactors, each for a period of 10 HRTs. The applied hydrolysates were derived from apple pulp, bread, carob powder and cardboard, all of which were successfully and comparably converted by both reactors. The % total carbohydrate removal by both reactors was monitored during the application of the sugar rich thermozyme hydrolysates. This approach offers a sustainable technology for the treatment of carbohydrate rich wastes and highlights the potential of these wastes as substrates for the generation of second-generation biofuels.