克氏原螯虾耗氧率及窒息点的研究

分别对克氏原螯虾Procambarusclarkii幼虾[(2 37±0 21)g]与成虾[(21 59±1 76)g]的耗氧率和窒息点进行了测定,并对耗氧率的昼夜变化,以及温度和体重对其窒息点的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在水温(20 0±0 5)℃恒温状态下,大规格实验虾的耗氧率仅为小规格个体的34 53%,差异极显著(P<0 01);同时,克氏原螯虾耗氧率昼夜变化规律明显,成虾夜间12h的耗氧率平均为(0 156±0 008)mg/(g·h),白天12h的耗氧率平均为(0 134±0 009)mg/(g·h),差异显著(P<0 01);幼虾夜间12h的耗氧率平均为(0 484±0 011)mg/(g·h),白天12h的耗氧率平均为(0 369±0 051)mg/(g·h),两者差异同样极显著(P<0 01)。一昼夜中,幼虾和成虾耗氧率均出现3个高峰值和4个低谷值。克氏原螯虾的窒息点与体重及温度显著相关,并随体重的增大而减小,随温度的增大而呈直线上升。     

不同生态因子对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

为研究岩扇贝Crassadoma gigante的代谢生理状况,为其人工育苗和规模化养殖提供依据,采用不同生态条件对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率和排氨率进行了相关研究。结果表明:温度、盐度、pH和体质量对岩扇贝幼贝耗氧率、排氨率均有极显著影响(P<0.01);在试验温度为6~22℃时,岩扇贝幼贝单位体质量的耗氧率、排氨率随温度的升高而增大;经回归分析,体质量(X)与耗氧率或排氨率(Y)均呈负相关幂指数关系,岩扇贝幼贝单位体质量的耗氧率、排氨率随体质量的增大而降低;岩扇贝幼贝的耗氧率与排氨率先随盐度(24~30)的升高而增大,在盐度为30时达到最大值,而后随盐度(30~36)的升高而降低;岩扇贝幼贝的耗氧率与排氨率先随pH(7.0~8.0)的升高而增大,在盐度为8.0时达到最大值,而后随pH(8.0~9.0)的升高而降低;岩扇贝幼贝一昼夜的耗氧率及排氨率最高峰均在13:00,耗氧率和排氨率最低峰均在1:00。本研究结果可为岩扇贝的生理生态学研究提供理论依据。     

低温对3种壳色菲律宾蛤仔幼贝耗氧率和排氨率的影响

为了探明不同壳色蛤仔的耐低温能力和低温下的基础代谢状况,在实验室条件下研究了低温(7.6、3.0、0.6、-1.6℃)对壳长约17 mm的菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum斑马蛤Zebra clam、白蛤White clam和两者杂交所得白斑马蛤White zebra clam 3种壳色品系幼贝存活率、耗氧率和排氨率的影响。结果表明:在温度由7.6℃逐渐降低至-2.1℃,并且在冰水混合状态下胁迫7 d时,3种壳色蛤仔的存活率依次为白斑马蛤(98.6%)>斑马蛤(93.3%)>白蛤(74.6%);随着温度的降低,3种壳色蛤仔的耗氧率显著下降(P<0.05),排氨率总体呈下降趋势,耐低温能力强的蛤仔,其接近冰点时(-1.6℃)的耗氧率和排氨率较高,随温度下降的幅度也较小;3种壳色的蛤仔O∶N值为6.86~20.72,壳色对O∶N值影响不显著(P>0.05),温度及温度与壳色的交互作用对O∶N值影响极显著(P<0.001),低温导致蛤仔呼吸代谢底物发生变化,而3种壳色蛤仔之间呼吸代谢底物无显著性差异(P<0.05);在0.6~7.6℃时,3种壳色蛤仔耗氧率Q10值为1.426~3.203,总体平均为2.508,排氨率Q10值为0.276~3.422,总体平均为1.724;温度由0.6降至-1.6℃时,Q10值异常升高,以白蛤升高最明显。本研究结果可为探明蛤仔耐低温的生理机制和定向选育抗低温的蛤仔新品种提供理论参考。     

污泥好氧生物发酵过程中匀翻对温度与脱水的影响

采用智能控制高温好氧生物发酵工艺处理城市污泥,就发酵过程中匀翻对堆体温度和脱水的影响进行了研究.试验原位测定并比较了发酵堆体匀翻前后的温度、风速、水汽通量和蒸发量.结果表明,匀翻有明显的降温作用,但对堆体脱水的影响不大.因此在污泥好氧生物发酵过程中,匀翻不宜过早过频,应以强制通风为主、匀翻为辅.     

曝气量分配和填料填充率对MBBR氧转移效率的影响

针对曝气量分配方式及填料填充率对移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）氧转移能力的影响问题,以青岛市某污水处理厂的MBBR单元为研究对象,以标准氧转移效率（αSOTE）为评价指标,通过正交试验确定了最优曝气量分配方式;在特定曝气系统阀门开启度工况下,采用尾气法对不同填料填充率（28%、33%、38%、43%）条件下好氧池沿程各测点处的αSOTE进行了连续72 h测试,最后通过整池平均αSOTE指标评价填料填充率对MBBR氧转移能力的影响。结果表明,在高长宽比（2.6∶1）MBBR反应器和高水流行进流速（36 m/h）条件下,当MBBR进水端、中部区域、出水端的曝气量分别采用中气量、低气量、高气量时,可在反应器内形成反向推流流态,避免填料堵塞;同时,在低填料填充率条件下可关闭穿孔曝气,降低曝气强度,节省能耗。随着填料填充率由43%逐渐降低至28%,MBBR整池平均αSOTE可由19.3%提高至30.2%。     

Measuring rate of heat release by oxygen consumption

This paper provides a comprehensive set of equations and guidelines to determine the rate of heat release in full-scale fire tests based on the O₂ consumption principle. The approach is different from other investigators as the enphasis is on full-scale fire test applications and the use of volumetric flow rates is avoided. Some general equations for flow rate (i.e., applicable irrespective of the configuration of the gas analysis system) are described first. In subsequent sections, distinctions are made between various gas analyzer combinations to derive the equations for rate of heat release. Procedures to calculate net rate of heat release from a specimen exposed to a gas burner or wood crib ignition source are also given. A summary at the end of the paper lists step by step procedures for all cases covered.     

淡水浮游藻类与鱼体异味关系的初步研究

通过对在北京市通州区、昌平区和海淀区几家渔场采集的浮游藻类进行定量,并结合对相应池塘养殖鱼类口感的品尝,初步筛选出以下10个属的种类与养殖鱼体异味有关:蓝球藻Chroococcusspp.、蓝纤维藻Dactylococcopsisspp.、颤藻Oscillatoriaspp.、鱼腥藻Anabaenaspp.、席藻Phormidiumspp.、颗粒直链藻Melosiragranulata、针杆藻Synedraspp.、舟形藻Naviculaspp.、菱形藻Nitzschiaspp.和栅藻Scenedesmusspp.。     

专创融合视角下行业高职院校创新创业教育发展路径探究

专业教育与创新创业教育相融合是当前高校开展创新创业教育的方向。在专创融合视角下，提出构建“价值引领—资源配置—生态建设”的职业院校创新创业教育顶层设计，依据共生理论完善生态建设的路径选择问题：培育学校、企业、行业、创业者（学生）四位一体的共生环境，融入共生理念，振作共生精神；寻求内创业、互通资源、联合共建等共生行为模式创新；搭建以粤港澳铁路青年创新创业联盟为基础的共生界面。     

鸭绿江有明银鱼的生物学研究

对采自鸭绿江河口区的 2 32尾有明银鱼样品进行了生物学研究 ,包括形态特征、生长、食性、繁殖等 ,并分析讨论了有明银鱼上下颌各部位齿数的差异、雌雄个体体长差异及产卵期和成熟规格等。     

室内设计温度对夏热冬冷地区新风冷热耗量的影响

针对夏热冬冷地区住宅热环境特点，提出了节能住宅空调期、除湿期和供暖期的确定方法，分别建立了其新风冷热耗量的计算程序。计算了该地区主要城市的新风冷热耗量，重点分析了不同设定温度对新风耗冷量的影响，揭示了降低新风耗冷量的途径。     

Effects of temperature and dissolved oxygen on sludge properties and their role in bioflocculation and settling

Effects of temperature (mesophilic (35 °C) vs. thermophilic (55 °C)) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (under thermophilic conditions) on sludge properties and their role in bioflocculation and settling were studied using well-controlled sequencing batch reactors fed with a synthetic wastewater comprised of glucose and inorganic nutrients. Under a similar DO level, thermophilic sludge had a poorer bioflocculating ability and settleability than that of mesophilic sludge. Under a thermophilic condition, an increase in DO level led to a poorer settleability and a slightly improved bioflocculating ability. A poorer settleability was related to a higher level of filaments. Analysis of bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) indicates that thermophilic sludge had a higher level of total bound EPS content than that of mesophilic sludge under a similar DO level, and an increase in DO resulted in an increase in total bound EPS content in thermophilic sludge. Surface analysis of sludge by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests that significant differences in the surface concentrations of elements N, C, O were observed between thermophilic and mesophilic sludge, implying significant differences in bound EPS composition. The results of gel permeation chromatography indicate that the weight-averaged molecular weight (M_w) of bound EPS covered a range of 1159 Da to 13220 Da. The distribution of EPS “species” at floc surfaces was shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to be uneven; different kinds of nanoscale materials were distributed in a patchy manner at the floc-water interface. The results suggest that it is the role of specific EPS molecules rather than the quantity of bound EPS that determine the difference in bioflocculation behavior between thermophilic and mesophilic sludge. The strategy of increasing the DO level could not solve the biomass separation problems associated with thermophilic sludge.     

锅炉高温大温差运行对供热节能的影响

实际调研了北京市9个典型的间接供热系统一次网锅炉运行现状.结合实例计算比较了高温运行和低温运行的供热系统一次管网的管道散热损失、管道投资、水泵耗能等,得出了锅炉一次管网在高温大温差运行时对供热节能更有利的结论.     

温度、应变率对碳纤维混凝土变形特性的影响

采用自主研制的高温SHPB试验系统,对高温条件下碳纤维混凝土(CFRC)的变形特性进行了试验研究.结果表明:高温下CFRC的动态峰值应变同时存在加载速率强化效应和温度弱化效应.动态极限应变存在加载速率强化效应;同一加载速率下随温度的升高先降低后增大的变化趋势,200℃以前,以温度弱化效应为主,200℃以后,以温度强化效应为主;800℃时的动态极限应变要高于常温时的情况.碳纤维可以有效提高混凝土在不同温度和加载速率下的动态变形能力,当碳纤维体掺量为0.3％时,增幅最大,其次是0.1％CFRC和0.2％CFRC.