灵芝菌丝体多糖提取工艺优化及其对慢性酒精肝损伤的保护作用

本研究以灵芝菌丝体为材料,采用水提醇沉法提取灵芝菌丝体多糖,在单因素实验基础上,结合响应面分析法优化灵芝菌丝体多糖提取工艺,通过Sevage法及透析法去除蛋白和小分子,获得初步纯化灵芝菌丝体多糖（SGP）。动物模型:将60只小鼠随机分成空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组和给药低、中、高组（125、250、500 mg/kg·bw）,除空白组外,各组按照0.1 mL/10 g·bw剂量灌胃56°北京红星二锅头,建立慢性酒精肝损伤模型。第15 d开始,各给药组造模4 h后,分别灌胃水飞蓟宾（200 mg/kg·bw）和不同剂量的SGP溶液,连续2周后,解剖。采用试剂盒法测定小鼠血清及肝脏组织中谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）、丙二醛（MDA）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）和白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-1β（IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）水平,并观察小鼠的肝脏病理切片。结果表明:灵芝菌丝体多糖最优提取条件为提取温度89 ℃、提取时间2.5 h和液料比85:1（mL/g）,在此条件下,多糖得率为3.44%。动物实验结果表明,与模型组相比,SGP中、高剂量组小鼠肝脏指数极显著下降（P<0.01）;SGP 中、高剂量组肝脏和血清中的 CAT、SOD和GSH-PX 活力显著上升（P<0.05）,SGP高剂量组 ALT、AST 活力及 MDA、TC、TG、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α含量极显著下降（P<0.01）;病理组织切片结果显示,SGP可明显改善肝脏受损情况。说明,SGP可以通过改善小鼠肝脏氧化应激水平,脂质代谢水平并降低小鼠肝脏细胞炎症因子含量,进而对慢性酒精性肝损伤小鼠发挥保护作用。     

雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:将小鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组和雨生红球藻粉低、中、高剂量组(100、200、400 mg/kg)。剂量组动物先灌胃受试物7 d,第8 d开始,给予剂量组和模型组50%酒精连续灌胃7 d,建立酒精性肝损伤模型。最后一次灌胃16 h后处死小鼠,取血清和相关脏器。测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)以及甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)的含量,测定肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活性、谷胱甘肽(glutathione peroxidase,GSH)和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量,以及炎性因子Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α)、Interleukin-1β(IL-β)水平,制作肝脏HE染色病理切片,观察肝组织的病理学变化。结果:与模型组相比,雨生红球各剂量组肝脏指数极显著降低(p<0.01),血清中AST含量极显著降低(p<0.01),TC含量显著降低(p<0.05),肝脏MDA和GSH含量降低,SOD活性提高,炎性因子TNF-α含量降低,IL-β含量极显著降低(p<0.01),肝组织病理损伤也得到明显改善。结果表明雨生红球藻破壁孢子粉对小鼠酒精性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

自制淡豆豉对SD大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

探究淡豆豉对急性酒精性肝损伤大鼠的肝保护作用;用低、高剂量[ 5 g/(kg·bw)、10 g/(kg·bw) ]的淡豆豉对大鼠进行为期一周的预处理,再用12 mg/(kg·bw) 52°红星二锅头一次性灌胃造成大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤,分别测定大鼠血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）等指标和肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）、细胞色素P4502E1（CYP2E1）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）等指标,并采用H&E染色观察肝组织形态。结果表明,不同剂量的淡豆豉能够抑制血清中AST、ALT、和ALP水平的升高,抑制率最高为47.18%;不同剂量淡豆豉和阳性对照均能显著降低炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的水平,其中高剂量淡豆豉对IL-1β水平的抑制率达到了72.03%;高剂量淡豆豉预处理使肝组织中CAT的酶活升高到312.80 U/mg prot,SOD和GSH-Px的水平也显著高于模型组（p<0.01）;肝组织切片结果表明淡豆豉能改善大鼠肝细胞损伤程度。因此,自制淡豆豉对ALD具有保护作用,主要是通过降低炎症反应和提高抗氧化能力实现的。     

苦菜茶总黄酮对小鼠酒精性脂肪肝的保护作用

探讨苦菜茶总黄酮对小鼠慢性酒精性脂肪肝的保护作用。采用酒精灌胃小鼠,建立慢性酒精性脂肪肝模型。通过不同剂量苦菜茶总黄酮灌胃12 周后,测定小鼠体质量、肝脏质量,血清谷丙转氨酶（alanineaminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate transaminase,AST）活力,甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）含量,肝脏丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）含量和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活力,以及白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β,IL-1β）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）含量;观察肝脏病理变化。结果表明,与模型组比较,苦菜茶总黄酮剂量组血清ALT、AST活力和TG、TC含量,肝脏MDA、IL-1β、TNF-α含量都不同程度地降低,肝脏SOD活力,GSH含量则有所上升,肝脏肿大有一定程度的减轻,说明苦菜总黄酮对慢性酒精性脂肪肝小鼠的肝脏有一定的保护作用。     

人参枳椇子提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究人参枳椇子提取物对酒精所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:不同配伍比例的人参枳椇子提取物以100 mg/kg的剂量连续灌胃小鼠3 d后,除正常组外,其余各组小鼠给予体积分数为50%的乙醇(6 g/kg·bw)灌胃,建立一次性暴饮小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型。在给予酒精12 h后处死小鼠,检测各组小鼠血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(Aspartate aminotransferase,AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(Alanine aminotransferase,ALT)的活力及甘油三酯(Triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(High-density lipoproteins,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(Low-density lipoproteins,LDL-C)的含量,肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)的活力及还原型谷胱甘肽(Glutathione,GSH)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。利用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量变化,并用反转录PCR法检测TNF-α和IL-1β的基因表达水平。结果:与模型组小鼠比较,人参枳椇子提取物能够明显降低由急性酒精摄入引起的血清中AST、ALT活力的升高(p 0.05);降低血清中TG、LDL-C的含量(p 0.05),升高HDL-C的水平(p 0.05),改善脂质代谢失衡;提高肝组织中抗氧化酶SOD和GSH-Px的活力(p 0.05),减少肝组织中GSH损耗并抑制肝组织中MDA含量增加(p 0.05),提高抗氧化能力保护肝脏损伤;下调炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的表达来减轻炎症损伤(p 0.05)。结论:人参枳椇子提取物对急性酒精诱导的小鼠肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

玉米肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护机制研究

为了研究玉米肽对酒精性肝损伤的作用机制,本研究以无水乙醇制造急性酒精性肝损伤模型,观察玉米肽对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。结果表明:玉米肽能显著降低酒精性肝损伤模型小鼠血清AKP、ALT、AST的活性以及胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)的含量;降低肝组织MDA的含量,显著提高肝脏GSH的含量和抗氧化酶SOD、GST、CAT的活性,改善肝组织损伤程度。由此可知,玉米肽可显著降低乙醇对肝脏的损伤,对酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用。     

霍山石斛不同提取物抗小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤活性的比较研究

目的：比较霍山石斛不同提取物抗小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤的活性。方法：制备霍山石斛冷冻干燥物、水提物、水提醇溶物、水提醇沉物、水提粗多糖5 种提取物;以连续灌胃30%乙醇的小鼠为亚急性酒精性肝损伤模型,以霍山石斛不同提取物连续灌胃30 d后,称量小鼠体质量及肝质量,测定血清中谷丙转氨酶（alanineaminotransferase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、碱性磷酸酶（alkaline phosphatase,ALP）活性,以及总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）含量,同时测定肝脏中乙醇脱氢酶（alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH）、乙醛脱氢酶（acetaldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性,丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）、谷胱甘肽（glutathione,GSH）水平,并检查肝组织损伤病理变化。结果：霍山石斛水提醇溶物抗亚急性酒精性肝损伤的活性最差,醇沉物、水提物、冷冻干燥物具有一定的肝损伤保护活性,水提粗多糖各个剂量组均可显著改善肝脏组织损伤和脂肪变性（P＜0.05）,降低血清ALT、AST、ALP活性和LDL-C、TC、TG水平,提高血清HDL-C含量,增强肝组织ADH、ALDH、SOD、GSH-Px活性,减少肝组织GSH损耗并抑制肝组织MDA含量增加。结论：多糖是霍山石斛抗小鼠亚急性酒精性肝损伤的功能因子。     

蛹虫草多糖酸奶对酒精性肝损伤昆明种小鼠的协同保护作用

目的:研究添加蛹虫草多糖的益生型酸奶对乙醇所致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法:每日灌胃小鼠体积分数40%乙醇后再灌胃不同蛹虫草多糖添加量(0.03%(低剂量组)、0.06%(中剂量组)、0.12%(高剂量组))的益生型酸奶,共灌胃28 d。测定小鼠的体质量、肝脏指数以及血清、肝脏的生化指标,并取肝脏制作石蜡切片,通过苏木精-伊红染色观察肝组织的病理变化。结果:与酒精性肝损伤模型组小鼠相比,不同蛹虫草多糖添加量的益生型酸奶均可显著降低酒精性肝损伤小鼠的肝脏指数、血清中谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)活性、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)以及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)水平,显著提高血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平以及肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力(P0.05),同时使肝脏丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平显著下降(P0.05)。肝组织病理损伤也得到明显改善。与模型组小鼠相比,高剂量组小鼠肝脏功能提高,血清ALT、AST活力分别降低58.87%、38.89%;肝脏脂肪代谢能力提高,TG、TC、LDL-C水平分别降低39.48%、26.92%、38.54%,HDL-C水平提高20.67%;小鼠肝脏抗氧化能力提高,小鼠肝脏中GSH-Px、SOD活力分别提高53.95%、25.16%,MDA水平降低了49.57%。结论:添加蛹虫草多糖的益生型酸奶对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用明显强于未添加蛹虫草多糖的酸奶,且添加量越高,对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用越强,添加蛹虫草多糖益生型发酵酸奶可发挥蛹虫草多糖和益生型酸奶在护肝功能方面的协同作用。     

荷叶总黄酮对小鼠酒精肝损伤的保护作用

研究荷叶总黄酮(total flavonoids of lotus leaf(Nelumbo nuciferea Gaertn.),TFL)对小鼠酒精肝损伤的影响及作用机理。将72只小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、益肝灵组、TFL低剂量组、TFL中剂量组、TFL高剂量组。除了空白组,用TFL(100、300、500mg/kg)灌胃小鼠,益肝灵组灌胃益肝灵,每日灌胃后4h用50%乙醇12mL/kg·bw灌胃,连续14d,末次乙醇灌胃6h后,处死小鼠,计算脏器指数,检测各实验组小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)活性、甘油三酯(TG)含量、肝组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷光甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性;酶联免疫法测定肝匀浆中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的含量;对肝进行病理组织学检查。结果表明:荷叶总黄酮能显著降低酒精肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST、TG水平,降低肝匀浆MDA含量,抑制SOD、GSH-Px、GSH水平的下降,抑制TNF-α和IL-1β的表达,并减轻酒精导致的肝组织病理损伤,呈现剂量效应关系。说明荷叶总黄酮对酒精致小鼠肝损伤具有较好的保护作用,其机制可能与其清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化、抑制TNF-α、IL-1β因子的表达有关。     

蛹虫草速溶粉对环磷酰胺致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

研究蛹虫草速溶粉对环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。将昆明种小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性对照组、蛹虫草速溶粉高剂量组(80 mg/kg)、中剂量组(40 mg/kg)、低剂量组(20 mg/kg),采用腹腔注射环磷酰胺(80 mg/kg)构建小鼠肝损伤模型并灌胃给予不同剂量蛹虫草速溶粉(正常组、模型组灌胃生理盐水,阳性对照组灌胃水飞蓟宾),采用试剂盒法分别测定各组小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)及肝组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)水平。实验结果表明,与模型组相比,蛹虫草速溶粉各剂量组小鼠血清中ALT和AST活力均显著降低(p<0.01);雄性小鼠肝组织中SOD和GSH-Px活力均显著升高(p<0.01),而MDA含量显著降低(p<0.01),而仅中、高剂量组小鼠肝组织中CAT活性极显著高于模型组(p<0.01);对于雌性小鼠而言,各剂量组小鼠肝组织中CAT活力均显著高于模型组(p<0.01)、MDA含量均显著低于模型组(p<0.01),而雌性中、高剂量组小鼠肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px活力显著高于模型组(p<0.01)。另外,除雄性低剂量组小鼠血清中TNF-α与模型组间无差异外,其他各剂量组小鼠血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的含量均显著高于模型组(p<0.01)。说明蛹虫草速溶粉对环磷酰胺导致的小鼠肝损伤具有显著的改善作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the