离心研磨工艺对Ti-6 Al-4 V钛合金表面组织性能的影响

目的改善Ti-6Al-4V钛合金的组织性能。方法使用离心研磨工艺对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行表面处理,通过显微硬度计、X射线应力分析仪、金相显微镜,对不同加工时间下试样表层的显微硬度、残余应力、金相组织进行测试。结果离心研磨加工后,Ti-6Al-4V钛合金表面的显微硬度得到提高,试样最表面的显微硬度随加工时间的延长呈现逐渐增大的趋势,加工时间为40 min时,显微硬度达到最大值385HV,比试样基体硬度值提高了55HV;在加工深度方向上,随着深度的增加,显微硬度值逐渐降低,在深度为400μm附近,显微硬度值已与基体硬度值相差不大,并且基本不再下降。加工完成后,试样表面产生了有益的残余压应力,最大残余压应力值为436 MPa。金相组织分析结果表明,试样表层组织形成了剧烈塑性变形层,其深度约40μm,在变形层内,组织的晶粒得到明显细化。结论离心研磨抛光工艺对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金表面组织性能改善效果明显,验证了使用该工艺对Ti-6Al-4V钛合金进行表面强化的可行性。     

Ti-6Al-4V钛合金陶瓷湿喷丸表面强化微观组织与疲劳性能

采用陶瓷湿喷丸强化工艺对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行表面处理。结果表明:经湿喷丸后,材料表面硬度由330HV提高到416HV;表面粗糙度由原始的0.35μm增大到0.48μm,较传统的干喷丸相比,粗糙度值小一个数量级;表面残余应力达-749 MPa,且最大压应力位于最表层,残余压应力层深度约为120μm;拉-拉疲劳强度由605 MPa提高到680 MPa。微观组织分析表明:喷丸处理后钛合金表层位错密度显著增加,晶粒细化,基面织构由(100)向(101)转变。陶瓷湿喷丸强化处理可提高Ti-6Al-4V合金的疲劳强度。     

TC4钛合金滚磨光整加工的表面完整性与抗疲劳性能

基于正交试验方法,采用卧式离心式滚磨光整加工工艺对钛合金TC4试件进行加工,研究主要工艺参数对表面粗糙度、显微硬度和残余应力的影响,确定了较优工艺参数;通过疲劳试验和SEM、XRD衍射测试等方法,分析了提高抗疲劳性能的效果和机理。结果表明:滚抛磨块直径是影响表面粗糙度值和残余应力的最主要因素;单面加工时,表面粗糙度Ra、Rz最大下降值为0.389μm和2.353μm,显微硬度可从314HV_(0.5)增加到367HV_(0.5),产生了308MPa的残余压应力;双面加工时,Ra、Rz最大下降值为0.356μm和2.151μm,显微硬度增加到346 HV_(0.5),产生了352 MPa的残余压应力。滚磨光整加工后,表面粗糙度的改善和残余应力的存在,有助于阻碍疲劳裂纹的形成和扩展,疲劳性能明显改善,单面加工可使试件的疲劳极限从389 MPa提高到450 MPa,提高了15.7%,双面加工时提高到578 MPa,提高了48.5%。     

湿喷丸处理Ti-6Al-4V合金强化层的力学性能（英文）

采用湿喷丸处理方法在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备了改性层。利用X射线衍射技术、纳米压痕技术、扫描电镜以及透射电镜对合金改性层的残余应力、硬度以及显微组织随深度的变化进行研究。结果表明,改性层的残余压应力和硬度均随深度增加而减小,影响深度分别为160和80μm。通过显微组织观察发现,在80μm深度范围以内,残余压应力和硬度的增加是由细晶强化和位错强化共同主导的;在80~160μm深度范围内,残余压应力由位错强化主导。通过对硬度与屈服关系的公式进行修正,深入研究了Ti-6Al-4V合金湿喷丸处理后的强化层。     

超声振动磨削放电复合加工SiCp／Al试验研究

针对SiCp／Al的加工,提出一种超声振动磨削放电复合加工的方法．从加工效率、加工稳定性及表面质量等方面与电火花加工进行了对比试验研究。分析了两种加工方法的脉冲宽度和峰值电流对加工速度和表面粗糙度的影响,结果表明：电火花加工的表面粗糙度平均值为尺04．5μm,超声振动磨削放电复合加工的表面粗糙度平均值为Ra2μm：超声振动磨削放电复合加工的稳定性比电火花加工好,但加工速度较低。通过扫描电镜对两种加工方法下零件表面形貌和重熔层进行了观测,对试件表面进行了X射线衍射分析,表明采用超声振动磨削放电复合加工SiCp／Al复合材料可获得较好的表面质量。     

PCD刀具高速铣削TC4钛合金的工艺参数优化

用PCD铣刀平面精铣TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)钛合金,再用三坐标测量机、表面粗糙度仪、显微维氏硬度计和便携式X射线残余应力分析仪测量钛合金加工后的平面度、平行度、表面粗糙度、表面硬度及表面残余应力,分析不同铣削工艺参数对TC4钛合金质量和表面形貌的影响。结果表明:在主轴转速16 000 r/min,切削深度0.2 mm,每齿进给量0.06 mm/z的最佳铣削工艺参数下,PCD铣刀寿命较长,TC4钛合金工件的表面质量和形貌较好,其平面度为0.26 μm,平行度为0.64 μm,表面粗糙度为0.63 μm,表面显微硬度为3 080 N/mm2,表面残余应力为-250 MPa。      

超声深滚作用力对Ti-6Al-4V合金微观组织及表面性能的影响

目的改善Ti-6Al-4V合金的微观组织及表面性能。方法用不同作用力(150、250、350、450 N)的超声深滚工艺对Ti-6Al-4V进行表面处理。通过金相显微镜观察、透射电镜分析、维氏硬度测试和残余应力测试,分别评价表面处理后材料的显微组织变化、显微硬度分布和残余应力分布。结果随着超声深滚作用力的增加,表面塑性变形层厚度增大,但增大趋势随作用力的增加而趋缓,450 N超声深滚作用后,塑性变形层厚度最大。超声深滚处理后,材料表面出现纳米晶,随作用力的增加,纳米晶会逐渐转为非晶态。350 N深滚后,距表面220μm处会出现少量的孪晶及大量位错堆积。随着塑性应变的加剧,孪晶逐渐消失,晶粒不断细化。材料近表面硬度提高明显,提高幅度同作用力呈正相关。材料基体的硬度为328 HV。在150 N力作用后,材料距表面50μm处的硬度能达到343 HV,而在450 N力作用后可以达到381 HV。随着超声深滚作用力的增加,材料近表面的残余压应力总体呈现增加趋势,最大残余应力可达到-875 MPa;残余应力的分布范围随力的增加,从0.40 mm增长到0.58 mm。另外,不同作用力作用后,材料最大残余压应力均出现在距表面20~40μm处。结论超声深滚作用可有效改变TC4合金的表面微观组织及性能,进而影响其结构完整性和服役寿命。     

超声滚压参数对18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢表面性能的影响

目的研究在不同加工参数下,对18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢进行超声滚压加工后表层质量的变化,并得出其显著性顺序。建立表面粗糙度的解析模型,研究进给量、滚压次数和初始表面粗糙度对表面质量的影响,并与试验结果作对比。方法采用车刀将固定在车床卡盘上的18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢棒状材料的端面进行精车后,采用超声滚压试验装置对精车后端面进行加工处理。采用三维形貌测量仪等专用设备,对加工完成后的试样表面表面粗糙度、表层显微硬度、表面二维形貌和表层残余应力等进行检测,然后利用正交试验,寻找对试样表面粗糙度影响的显著性因素,建立表面粗糙度的解析模型,对比试验数据和解析模型数据,研究超声滚压对表面粗糙度、表面二维形貌、表层显微硬度和表层残余应力的影响。结果得到的显著性顺序为进给量、主轴转速、次数、振幅、静压力,并且前述给出的粗糙度解析模型可以较好地预测超声滚压后的表面粗糙度,计算得到的理论数据与试验数据较为接近。试样表面的粗糙度Ra由车削加工的3.003μm减小为0.468μm,齿轮钢表层形成了明显的加工硬化层,其深度约为260μm;表层显微硬度从未处理的360.9HV升至417.6HV,比率为15.7%;表层内形成了勺形分布的残余应力,在距离表层60μm处,最大残余压应力形成,为–790.97 MPa,残余压应力层深度达到了800μm。结论超声滚压加工可以显著提高18CrNiMo7-6齿轮钢试样的表面性能,其中以滚压进给量的影响最为显著。     

超声滚压强化7075铝合金工件表面性能的研究

目的探究超声滚压强化技术对7075铝合金工件表面性能的影响。方法对7075铝合金棒状试样精车加工后进行了超声滚压强化处理。综合使用粗糙度测量仪、表面显微硬度仪、金相显微镜以及X射线衍射应力分析仪,研究了处理前后工艺参数中的压下量对试样的表面粗糙度、表面显微硬度、表面微观组织及表面残余应力等表面性能的影响。结果超声滚压强化处理后,试样表面粗糙度由0.976μm降低至0.047μm,表面显微硬度由105.6HV0.2提高至119HV0.2,显微硬度提高了15%。精车加工后,精车试样的表层组织与心部组织几乎无变化。超声滚压强化后,相对心部组织而言,表层晶粒组织得到显著细化,表层均为残余压应力,压应力深度为1.75 mm。残余压应力最大值位于最表层,最大为-174.0 MPa,且距离最表层越远,残余压应力总体呈减小趋势。结论通过对比研究精车试样与超声滚压试样,发现超声滚压强化工艺可以大大地降低试样表面粗糙度,显著地细化表层试样晶粒与提高表面硬度,改善残余应力的分布,并引入一定深度的残余压应力。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金的陶瓷湿喷丸表面强化工艺

采用新型陶瓷湿喷丸强化工艺对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金进行表面处理,研究不同喷丸强度对 Ti-6Al-4V 合金微观组织、形貌及残余应力的影响,并通过拉-拉疲劳试验验证陶瓷湿喷丸的强化效果,分析喷丸前后的断裂机理。结果表明：湿喷丸后的表面粗糙度较干喷丸的低,表面粗糙度、残余应力和应力场深度均随着喷丸强度的增加而增加,最大残余应力达-895 MPa,压应力层深度约为250μm;拉-拉疲劳极限比初始的提高了12.4%。微观组织分析表明,喷丸处理后合金的表层位错密度显著增大,晶粒细化,表面形成超细晶。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.