B掺杂ZnO纳米薄膜的结构和光学特性研究

采用脉冲磁控溅射法制备了B掺杂ZnO(ZnO:B)纳米薄膜,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计分别研究了薄膜的结构和光学特性。结果表明:ZnO:B为多晶纳米薄膜,具有六方钎锌矿结构,且薄膜沿着c轴取向择优生长;在可见光和近红外光谱区的透光性能良好,其中在可见光区的平均透光率大于84%,而在近红外区的透光率随着波长增加而逐渐降低至45%。运用逐点无约束最优化法分析计算了薄膜的光学常数,在可见光区,ZnO:B纳米薄膜的光学常数随波长的变化很小且数值基本恒定,折射率约为2.0,而在紫外区,光学常数随波长的变化显著。     

掺铝对ZnO薄膜光学常数的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在(0001)蓝宝石衬底上制备了ZnO:Al薄膜,利用Kramers-Kronig色散关系对ZnO∶Al薄膜在300～600 nm波长区域的光学常数进行计算,研究了掺杂浓度对薄膜光学常数的影响.计算结果显示,在可见光区,薄膜的光学常数受铝掺杂浓度的影响很小,折射率、消光系数、复介电常数实部和虚部的数值基本恒定,分别约为1.6,0.08,0.27和2.5.在紫外区,薄膜光学常数受掺杂浓度的影响明显,随掺杂浓度提高,光学常数数值均减小,并且都在激子吸收峰(370 nm)处出现一极大值.     

Sb_(80)Bi_(20)光学非线性纳米薄膜的超分辨效应

利用Z-扫描测试技术研究了低功率下Sb80Bi20纳米薄膜的非线性光学特性,并利用椭圆偏振光谱仪测量了薄膜光学常数及椭偏参数。实验结果表明Sb80Bi20薄膜具有较大的饱和非线性光学吸收,非线性系数约为-0.018m/W,而非线性折射率效应却不明显。Sb80Bi20纳米薄膜的超分辨效应主要在于具有大的非线性吸收系数。理论计算表明35nm厚薄膜可使高斯光束半径缩小大约10%。因此Sb80Bi20薄膜有望用于近场超分辨结构。     

ZnO纳米晶薄膜/p-Si异质结制备及其光电特性

为了发展高性能、低成本和结构简单的ZnO纳米 器件,在本文中,利用简便的热分解法,在p型 硅(p-Si)基底上制备ZnO纳米晶薄膜,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射仪 (XRD)、紫外- 可见分光光度计和荧光光谱仪,分别研究了ZnO纳米晶薄膜的形貌、晶相结构和光学特性。 结果显示:在 p-Si基底上形成不规则颗粒状ZnO纳米晶,为多晶六方纤锌矿结构。ZnO纳米晶薄膜在可 见光区光透过率 高于90%,光学带宽为3.26eV,仅在 387nm处出现一个很强的近带边(NBE)发射峰。进一步发现ZnO纳米 晶薄膜/p-Si异质结在暗态和365nm紫外光照射下都出现整流特性, 形成了二极管。在暗态下,该二极管的 整流率为3.95(±2.46 V),开启电压约为0.7V,理想因 子为4.65,反偏饱和电流为4.57×10－8 A。在365nm的 紫外光照射下,它的整流率高达24.85(±0.65V),说明它对365nm的紫外光有很高的响应,适合用于紫外光探测 器。     

光通信用石墨烯基纳米复合材料的光电性能研究

采用湿化学法制备了性能良好的石墨烯(G)/氧化锌(ZnO)纳米复合材料,利用X射线衍射分析仪、扫描电镜及透射电镜对其物理结构和形貌分析可知成功地合成了石墨烯/氧化锌的纳米颗粒,氧化锌纳米颗粒大小约为50 nm。分别将石墨烯/氧化锌纳米复合材料、石墨烯和氧化锌均匀地分散到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)中通过浇铸法合成G/ZnO/PMMA有机玻璃、ZnO/PMMA和G/PMMA有机玻璃,对比可得,G/ZnO/PMMA的非线性光学散射特性、非线性光学吸收特性及紫外-可见光吸收特性较ZnO/PMMA和G/PMMA有机玻璃有了明显提高。     

PLD法合成MgxZn1-xO纳米柱阵列

使用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)在Si(100)衬底上无催化生长出了MgxZn1-xO纳米柱阵列.扫描电镜结果发现:在较大的范围内,直径为30～50nm、长度约为60nm均匀分布的纳米柱阵列生长在一层厚度约为70nm的纳米晶薄膜上.XRD结果中的(002)峰和PL谱中的带边发射峰相对于纯ZnO薄膜都发生了不同程度的偏移,表明了Mg组分的掺入改变了ZnO的晶格常数和带隙宽度.分析了MgxZn1-xO纳米柱的生长机制.     

PLD法合成MgxZn1-xO纳米柱阵列

使用脉冲激光沉积法(PLD)在Si(100)衬底上无催化生长出了MgxZn1-xO纳米柱阵列.扫描电镜结果发现:在较大的范围内,直径为30～50nm、长度约为60nm均匀分布的纳米柱阵列生长在一层厚度约为70nm的纳米晶薄膜上.XRD结果中的(002)峰和PL谱中的带边发射峰相对于纯ZnO薄膜都发生了不同程度的偏移,表明了Mg组分的掺入改变了ZnO的晶格常数和带隙宽度.分析了MgxZn1-xO纳米柱的生长机制.     

核-壳结构ZnO@CuO光阳极的制备及其光电性能研究

ZnO是钙钛矿太阳电池(PSCs)电子传输层(ETL)的优良材料,但ZnO与钙钛矿吸收层界面有很大的热不稳定性,从而导致该界面严重的电荷复合。文章采用水热法在FTO导电玻璃上制备出具有良好取向性的ZnO纳米棒阵列(NAs)。通过调控电化学沉积时间,在ZnO NAs上沉积一层CuO纳米颗粒,获得ZnO@CuO纳米复合材料薄膜。利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)对复合薄膜的形貌和物相进行了观察和分析。通过紫外-可见光漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)和瞬态荧光光谱(PL)对其光学性能进行了测定。结果表明,制备的ZnO NAs阵列均匀且垂直度较好,直径约为120 nm;通过电化学沉积CuO纳米颗粒(尺寸为34～44 nm)后,复合薄膜的可见光吸收能力增强,载流子分离效率提高;在电化学沉积时间为40 s时,所得到的ZnO@CuO NAs的光电流密度最高,约为ZnO NAs的3.37倍,表现出良好的光电转换性能。     

ZnO/Ag/ZnO多层膜的制备和性质研究

采用射频磁控溅射ZnO陶瓷靶和直流磁控溅射Ag靶的方法制备了ZnO/Ag/ZnO多层膜。用X射线衍射仪、紫外–可见分光光度计、四探针测试仪和金相显微镜对ZnO/Ag/ZnO薄膜的结构、光学透过率、方阻和稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,ZnO(60nm)/Ag/(10nm)/ZnO(60nm)薄膜呈现多晶结构,薄膜在520nm处的光学透过率高达87.5%,方阻Rs为6.2Ω/□。随着顶层ZnO薄膜厚度的增加,ZnO/Ag/ZnO薄膜的稳定性提高。     

垂直靶向脉冲激光沉积制备ZnO纳米薄膜

用一种新颖的制备纳米粒子与薄膜的垂直靶向脉冲激光沉积(VTPLD)方法,在室温及空气气氛下,于玻璃基底上成功地制备出ZnO纳米薄膜.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)仪对ZnO纳米薄膜的表面形貌和结构进行了表征,用荧光光谱仪对薄膜的光致发光(PL)性能进行了测量.结果表明,当激光功率为13 W时,沉积出的粒子大小较均匀,尺寸在40 nm左右,且粒子排列呈现出一定方向性;当激光功率为21 W时,沉积的ZnO纳米薄膜图呈现出微纳米孔的连续薄膜.在玻璃基底上沉积的ZnO纳米薄膜有一主峰对应的(002)衍射晶面,表明ZnO纳米薄膜具有良好的c轴取向性.不同激光功率下沉积ZnO纳米薄膜经500 ℃热处理后的PL峰,其强度随激光能量而变化,最大发光波长位于412 nm.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks