毛柄金钱菌漆酶的纯化与理化性质研究

本文通过盐析、超滤和DEAE-Sephadex A-25离子交换层析得到毛柄金钱菌漆酶,并对其理化性质进行了研究,考察了毛柄金钱菌漆酶最适宜反应温度和pH值、热稳定性和pH值稳定性、反应动力学常数、耐溶剂性质以及金属离子对酶活的影响。实验结果表明:毛柄金钱菌漆酶在60℃时酶活达到最大,最适反应温度为60℃,低于70℃时具有较好的热稳定性;该酶最适pH为4.0,在pH 4.0~4.5表现出较强的稳定性;毛柄金钱菌漆酶氧化ABTS的Km值为1.58×10-4mmol/L;乙醇、丙酮和二氧六环作溶剂时对毛柄金钱菌漆酶活性具有较强的抑制作用;Zn2+和Cu2+对漆酶有激活作用,而Fe2+、Fe3+则有明显的抑制作用。     

一株产高温β-半乳糖苷酶低温菌株及其酶学性质研究

从101株低温菌中发现了1株产高温β-半乳糖苷酶菌株G2005,依据形态特征与生理生化反应特性,参照《常见细菌鉴定手册》将其鉴定为乳球菌Lactococcus sp.。该菌株高温β-半乳糖苷酶的最适pH值为6.5,最适作用温度为50℃,65℃相对酶活为总酶活的19%,在30~60℃范围内,具有较好的稳定性。不同金属离子对β-半乳糖苷酶活性的影响为:Mg2+>Na+>K+>Fe2+>Ca2+>Zn2+>Mn2+>Hg2+>Cu2+。Mg2+增强酶活,而Hg2+、Cu2+、Mn2+抑制酶活。经测定该酶Km值为96.8 mmol/L,具高温酶特性。该菌株的最适产酶条件分别为30℃培养48h~60h,培养基初始pH 6.5,培养基乳糖浓度为2%。     

产淀粉酶非酿酒酵母菌的筛选及产酶特性研究

通过对非酿酒酵母菌的筛选鉴定,共得到11株产淀粉酶菌株,酶学性质研究表明,该11株酵母菌在pH值为7~9时表现了较高的酶活力,在pH值为5~6时保持稳定;最适反应温度为40℃,在30~50℃时保持较高酶活力;金属离子依赖性发现,Fe2+、Mg2+对酶有不同程度的激活作用,Ca2+、Ba2+、Cu2+对酶有抑制作用;十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)对酶均有抑制作用,EDTA抑制酶活约为50%,淀粉酶对二价金属离子具有一定的依赖作用。     

果胶酶酶学性质研究

为了充分研究果胶酶的作用,对果胶酶的最适作用pH值、pH值稳定范围、最适反应温度、温度稳定性和金属离子对酶稳定性的影响等进行了研究。结果表明:果胶酶的pH稳定范围为3.0~6.0,最适作用pH为3.5~5.5,在60℃下保温酶活下降较快,最适温度为45~50℃,铁、钙、锌和锡离子对酶活性有抑制作用。     

内切型菊粉酶酶学性质的研究

以食品与生物工程实验中心酶工程实验室保藏的黑曲霉菌种作为菌源,利用黑曲霉细胞深层发酵法生产内切型菊粉酶。通过测定发酵液酶活,从20株黑曲霉菌株中筛选得到产菊粉酶活力最高的编号为E133131的一株黑曲霉菌株,酶活为0.66U/mL。对黑曲霉E133131号菌株所产内切型菊粉酶进行了酶学性质的研究,得到以下结论:最适pH为4.5;最适温度为60℃;最佳底物浓度为4mmol/L;米氏常数(Km)为1.434mmol/L;Ca2+对内切型菊粉酶有激活作用,当加入浓度为1.5mmol/L的Ca2+时,使酶活从0.66U/mL提高到1.09U/mL;Mn2+、Cu2+和Mg2+对内切型菊粉酶有抑制作用,其中Cu2+的抑制作用最大,使酶活从0.66U/mL降低到0.095U/mL;Na+、K+、Zn2+、Fe2+、Mg2+对内切型菊粉酶的酶活影响不大;pH在4.5~8.0范围内,温度在50~60℃之间,内切型菊粉酶的酶活力较稳定。     

重组草酸脱羧酶的表达及酶学性质研究

研究了重组草酸脱羧酶的表达及其酶学性质。经IPTG诱导,每克湿重菌体收获草酸脱羧酶活力820U,经Ni-NTA亲和层析酶液纯化2.07倍,酶活力回收60.38%。酶促反应的最适温度为50~55℃,最适pH值为3.5,添加EDTA及Fe2+对酶活力有促进作用,Mn2+抑制酶活。在pH4.0,温度37℃下Km值为14.53 mmol/l,Vmax为133.33 U/mg。     

皱胃酶酶学性质的研究

研究了皱胃酶的酶学性质。皱胃酶的最适作用温度和最适pH值分别为42℃和6.0。在45℃以下和pH4.5～7.0范围内,酶活保持稳定。Ca2+、Na+、Fe3+对皱胃酶的凝乳有明显的促进作用,Mg2+、Cu2+、Ba2+对凝乳有抑制作用。并研究了底物浓度对酶反应的影响。     

Bacillus subtilis AS35发酵麦糟产β-葡聚糖酶粗酶性质的研究

研究了由Bacillus subtilis AS35发酵麦糟制备的β-葡聚糖酶的性质,研究表明,该酶在55℃~65℃时酶活力较高,最适反应温度为60℃;最适反应pH值为5.5,在pH值为4.0~7.0时有较高的稳定性,在4℃保存24h后,残余酶活超过85%;在1mmol/L的浓度条件下,Fe2+、Co2+、Ca2+,尤其是Co2+对酶活性有明显的激活作用;Pb2+、Fe3+、A13+对酶活性有明显的抑制作用。     

三七渣固态发酵所产淀粉酶的酶学特性研究

考察了黑曲霉固态发酵三七渣所产淀粉酶的酶学特性。研究结果表明,该淀粉酶的最适温度为60℃;当温度为30~50℃时,具有较好的热稳定性,保温处理2 h后其酶活仍可保持在90%以上;其最适pH为5.0;当pH为3.0~5.0时,具有较好的pH稳定性,在4℃冷藏保存2 h后其酶活仍可保持在80%以上;Mn2+对该淀粉酶有轻微的激活作用,K+、Na+、Mg2+、Fe3+、Zn2+和Ni2+对该淀粉酶有弱抑制作用,Cu2+则对其有强抑制作用。该淀粉酶米氏常数Km值为0.64 mg·mL-1,最大反应速率Vmax为0.45 mg/min。     

金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae Ma83)几丁质酶的纯化及性质

由金龟子绿僵茵Ma83菌株产生的几丁质酶经硫酸铵盐盐析,Sephadex G-100柱层析,DEAE-纤维素柱层析分离纯化后,得到SDS-PAGE均一样品.酶的最适反应温度为50℃,半失活温度为65℃;酶的最适反应pH值为5.0,酶在pH4.0～7.0范围内较稳定.Ag+、Co2+、K+、Mg2+对Ma83几丁质酶有激活作用,而Hg2+、Zn2+、Pb2+对几丁质酶活力有抑制作用.经计算Ma83菌株几丁质酶对胶体几丁质的Km值为1.05 mg/mL.     

传统发酵黄豆酱中低营养菌株的筛选及产胞外酶特性分析

为了更好地研究北方地区传统黄豆酱中低营养菌株的分布及其功能特性,对采集于不同地区的黄豆酱样品进行低营养菌株的筛选、分离及纯化,并研究其产胞外酶特性。结果共分离出114 株低营养菌株,其中69 株产纤维素酶,81 株产淀粉酶,112 株产脂肪酶,72 株产β-葡萄糖苷酶,59 株产蛋白酶。通过16S rRNA基因序列分析对产酶活性高的代表菌株进行鉴定,鉴定出5 种类别菌株,分别为枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、高地芽孢杆菌（Bacillus altitudinis）、短小芽孢杆菌（Bacillus pumilus）、萎缩芽孢杆菌（Bacillus atrophaeu）、阿萨尔基亚芽孢杆菌（Bacillus axarquiensis）。所筛选的产酶活性高的低营养菌株短小芽孢杆菌HS1-4和枯草芽孢杆菌HS5-13耐盐性高,对环境的抗耐性强,具有广阔的应用前景。     

表面活性剂稳定性碱性蛋白酶纯化及性质研究

从地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)XG12发酵液中分离纯化表面活性剂稳定性碱性蛋白酶,并对酶学性质进行研究。利用硫酸铵分级盐析、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析和Sephadex G-75分子筛凝胶过滤层析等方法,分离纯化到了均一的酶蛋白,酶纯度提高了42.6倍,回收率为25.3%。SDS-PAGE及Sephadex G-75分子筛凝胶过滤层析显示酶蛋白为单亚基蛋白,分子质量约为29.5kD。在pH7.0～11.0范围内酶活性及稳定性较高,最适作用pH值为10.0,最适作用温度40℃。Mg2+、Ca2+及Mn2+对酶有明显激活作用。丝氨酸蛋白酶特异性抑制剂强烈抑制酶活性,表明所纯化到的蛋白酶为丝氨酸蛋白酶。酶分别对终质量浓度为0.1g/100mL的阴离子表面活性剂SDS、阳离子表面活性剂CTAB和体积分数为1%的非离子型表面活性剂Tween-80、Tween-20、Triton X-100以及氧化剂均具有很强的稳定性。     

Alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus VITSN04: Potential application as a dehairing agent

The objective of this work is to use protease enzyme as an ecofriendly alternative to chemicals in dehairing. An alkaline protease producing bacterium was isolated from protein-rich soil sample. The bacterium was identified as Bacillus cereus VITSN04 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing method. Growth characteristics and protease activity were studied in yeast, malt, beef, nutrient broth and soybean casein digest media and the enzyme secretion was found to correspond with growth. Maximum protease production was obtained in soybean casein digest medium at 16h with the activity of 200.1±0.68U/ml and a correlation coefficient of 0.965 between growth and enzyme production. The crude enzyme was found to have maximum activity at 30°C and pH 8.0. The protease was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-50 and G-100 gel filtration chromatography. The purified protease was homogeneous on non-denaturing PAGE and its molecular weight was estimated to be 32kDa. The purified protease was of the serine type as it was inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride. The crude enzyme preparation was found to be effective in dehairing goat skins in leather processing.     

Isolation and identification of proteolytic psychrotrophic sporeforming bacteria from raw milk supplies at an experimental dairy in India

Of 51 samples of raw milk produced at the National Dairy Research Institute, 65% were found to contain proteolytic psychrotrophic sporeforming bacilli. The protease activity of 50 isolates selected ranged from 20 to 480 units/ml. Twenty/four per cent (12) of the total isolates exhibited enzyme activity in the range 51–100 units/ml, while 20% (10) had protease activity of more than 300 units/ml. Of the 50 isolates, 36% were Bacillus cereus, 20% B. polymyxa, 14% each B. laterosporus and B. circulans. 10% B. pumilus. 4% B. subtilis and 2% were identified as B. coagulans.     

Bacillus pumilus WL-11蛋白酶对其木聚糖酶合成的影响

研究了不同的营养条件下短小芽孢杆菌WL-11产蛋白酶和木聚糖酶的情况。结果表明,碳源对WL-11木聚糖酶的合成具有诱导或抑制作用,对其蛋白酶的合成影响并不显著;氮源对WL-11木聚糖酶的合成不具有直接的调节作用,而可能通过调节其蛋白酶的合成量来间接影响其木聚糖酶的合成,且两者的合成量之间存在一定的正相关。     

利用FPLC技术建立重组碱性蛋白酶的快速纯化方案

在构建了以地衣芽孢杆菌为宿主的产碱性蛋白酶的工程菌BA0 71以后 ,为了给探索重组酶的性质及其稳定性奠定基础 ,利用快速蛋白液相层析 (FPLC)技术 ,建立了快速高效纯化碱性蛋白酶的方案。发酵液通过硫酸氨沉淀、DEAE A 5 0脱色及聚乙二醇浓缩得粗酶 ,再经过CM Sephadex C 5 0、Sephadex G 75柱层析后较好地得到了单一组份的重组碱性蛋白酶 ,酶纯度提高了 76.2倍。SDS PAGE显示重组碱性蛋白酶分子质量为 2 8ku。     

Purification, characterization and gene cloning of thermostable O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase forming gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid

A thermophilic and cyanide ion-tolerant bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus CN3 isolated from a hot spring in Japan, was found to produce thermostable gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase. The enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme has a molecular mass of approximately 180 kDa and consists of four identical subunits. It was stable in the pH range of 6.0 to 10.5 and up to 60 degrees C. The enzyme catalyzed the gamma-replacement reaction of O-acetyl-L-homo-serine with cyanide ions. The gene encoding the gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase was isolated from B. stearothermophilus CN3. Sequence homology analysis revealed that the gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase from the bacterium is O-acetyl-L-homoserine sulfhydrylase. A recombinant plasmid, constructed by ligation of the cloned gene and an expression vector, was introduced into Escherichia coli JM109. The transformed E. coli cells overexpressed gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase. The heat stable gamma-cyano-alpha-aminobutyric acid synthase can be applied to the synthesis of [5-11C]L-glutamic acid used as a tracer for positron emission tomography.     

Purification, bacteriolytic activity, and specificity of beta-lytic protease from Lysobacter sp. IB-9374

Lysobacter sp. IB-9374, which was isolated from soil as a high lysyl endopeptidase-producing strain (Chohnanet al., FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 213, 13-20, 2002), was found to produce a beta-lytic protease capable of lysing gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Microccocuseus, and Bacillus subtilis. The Lysobacter strain secreted the beta-lytic protease into the culture medium at a 2.4-fold higher level than Achromobacter lyticus. The enzyme was highly purified through a series of six steps with a high yield. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by tetraethylene-pentamine and 1,10-phenanthroline. The purified enzyme lysed more efficiently almost all the gram-positive bacteria tested than lysozyme, lysostaphin, and mutanolysin. The enzyme was very similar to Achromobacter beta-lytic protease containing one zinc atom in terms of amino acid composition and N-terminal sequence. The nucleotide sequence revealed that the mature enzyme was composed of 179 amino acid residues with additional 198 amino acids at the amino-terminal end of the enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme coincided with that of the Achromobacter enzyme, although the prepro-region showed a 41% sequence identity with the counterpart. These results indicate that Lysobacter sp. is a useful strain for an efficient large-scale preparation of beta-lytic protease capable of lysing bacteria.     

Isolation and Characteristics of Bacillus subtilis CN2 and its Collagenase Production

ABSTRACT: :
An isolated bacterium strain named CN2 found in Vietnamese fish sauce has been identified as Bacillus subtilis. In an enzyme-producing medium with 0% and 8% NaCl concentration, the CN2 strain produced the maximum collagenase activity, 3.07 U/ml and 2.60 U/ml. The strain also produced gelatinase, but the maximum activity was only 1.03 U/ml at 8 h of incubation time and prolonged more than 22 h. Bacillus subtilis CN2, grown slowly in a medium containing 12% NaCl, showed a decreased rate of collagenase activity with a maximum activity of 1.60 U/ml at 18 h of incubation time. The culture supernatant of CN2 strain digested a purified native collagen from rat tail tendon as well as αs-casein at Met¹²³-Lys¹²⁴ position. Therefore The culture supernatant of CN2 can be used to produce healthy foods.     

抑制芽孢杆菌乳酸菌的筛选鉴定及其抗菌物质的分离纯化

从朝鲜族辣白菜中分离筛选得到1株对芽孢杆菌具有广谱抑菌活性的菌株JLY-7,该菌株发酵液对蜡样芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、凝结芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌、多粘类芽孢杆菌等食品中常见的腐败性和致病性芽孢杆菌具有较强的抑制作用。对菌株JLY-7进行形态学特征、生理生化特征及16S rRNA序列分析,鉴定其为植物乳杆菌。利用正丁醇萃取、凝胶过滤层析(Sephadex LH-20)和半制备液相色谱纯化等手段对该菌株所产抗菌物质进行分离纯化,得到单一活性抑菌组分,经高分辨电喷雾电离质谱确定该抗菌物质的分子量为694.129 Da。通过蛋白酶处理结果表明,该抗菌物质对常见的蛋白酶均非常敏感。本研究可为乳酸菌抗菌物质控制食品中芽孢杆菌奠定理论基础。