驾驶模拟器中车辆智能体的动力学仿真研究

在驾驶模拟器的虚拟仿真系统中,通过车辆智能体的动力学分析及运动方程计算,从而获得车辆智能体的加速度、速度、位置、发动机转速等的变化,实现车辆智能体的实时运动模拟,驱动视景系统的实时变化,并运用OpenGVS实现驾驶虚拟场景的实时生成和交互显示,由此实现驾驶仿真。     

人在回路驾驶模拟器软件体系结构设计

该文以坦克为例,从驾驶模拟器软件结构设计的角度,用流程图的形式,对动力学、运动学仿真、及视景仿真等方面进行了分析,直观地阐述了人在回路驾驶模拟器的整个设计过程,提出了一个比较通用的人在回路驾驶模拟器的仿真体系结构;针对现有地形匹配算法中存在的俯仰角突变等问题,特别提出了"m+n"点地形匹配法,较好地解决了地形突变及限制路障碍物考评地段的地形匹配.本文的设计思想和实现方案对各种类型驾驶模拟器的软件开发都具有一定的参考价值和借鉴意义.     

驾驶训练模拟器的设计与开发

随着仿真技术的发展，开发用于驾驶培训的驾驶训练模拟器具有重要的社会和经济意义。文章介绍了驾驶训练模拟器的系统构成，并建立了五自由度整车动力学模型，在视景系统模型的建立过程中选取了合适的图形处理技术优化场景模型，并在视景系统程序实现中采用了多通道图形显示技术，对图像运动匹配一致性进行了重点研究。     

新型汽车驾驶模拟器原理及实现

本文所述的新型汽车驾驶模拟器,使用简化的汽车运动学模型,计算汽车速度、方位、速度方向和当前坐标;将三维坐标的视景图像转换到二维的显示设备上;应用二级分布式计算机系统模拟汽车座舱与运动状况。     

X型坦克驾驶训练仿真系统设计

使用仿真系统对坦克驾驶员进行驾驶训练,具有安全、无污染、不受天候限制、节约训练成本等诸多优点.该文介绍了一种以我军某种主战坦克为仿真对象的人在环、实装在环的驾驶训练仿真系统.系统由驾驶座舱、教官控制台两大部分组成,构成一个能够支持受训人员驾驶训练的模拟训练环境,其结构与实车基本一致.教官控制台的核心是仿真计算机和管理计算机,仿真程序与管理程序分别运行在这两台计算机上,它们通过网络设备组成了一个局域网,实现相互间的信息交互,仿真计算机完成坦克动力学、运动学仿真,并产生驾驶员观察的三维道路视景,管理计算机通过网络完成系统的检测、设置、调度和考评,便于使用和维护.     

虚拟驾驶环境中混合交通控制的设计与实现

1 引言汽车驾驶模拟器(简称模拟器)是将计算机仿真技术应用于教学的一个教学仿真系统。它使用实车驾驶室的环境,并实时地生成虚拟环境来模拟驾驶训练中的声音和视景效果,从而给学员以在真车实景中训练的感受。虚拟驾驶环境就是在汽车驾驶模拟器中构造的虚拟环境。     

汽车驾驶模拟器中3D场景的设计和实现

1 引言汽车驾驶模拟器是一种能正确模拟汽车驾驶操作,并能在主要性能上获得与实车相同感觉的汽车驾驶训练仿真教学设备。一个好的模拟器应该有一个立体感强、图形逼真的三维视景。YF三维汽车驾驶模拟器的视景系统采用计算机实时生成技术(称为CIG视景系统),它根据当前汽车的状态实时生成逼真的三维场景,使学员感觉就象驾驶真的汽车一样,从而达到训     

卫星控制系统多转台多模拟器半物理仿真方法

卫星控制系统半物理仿真是在实验室中模拟卫星在轨道上运行的一种试验方法,它通常用于验证卫星控制系统方案和性能指标.卫星控制系统半物理仿真包括将硬件接入回路的卫星动力学仿真和运动学仿真.仿真计算机计算卫星的动力学和运动学方程;转台模拟卫星在空间的运动;目标模拟器用来模拟作为卫星姿态确定参考的太阳、地球和恒星的辐射.为了将控制系统硬件接入试验回路,必须适当地处理一系列的关键技术.卫星控制系统多转台多模拟器半物理仿真方法适用于带有多种敏感器的复杂卫星仿真.     

基于MFC/Vega的可见光目标运动模拟器

视景仿真是虚拟现实技术最主要的表现形式,使用Visual C 的Microsoft Foundation class可以更简单地开发基于Vega的视景仿真系统.文中利用三维建模工具MultiGen Creator、视景仿真工具Vega和MFC设计了可见光目标运动模拟器系统,该系统模拟了跟踪目标的运动,用于测试光电设备的跟踪速度.首先介绍了Vega软件平台的基本结构;其次简单介绍了可见光目标运动模拟器的组成和功能;最后对可见光目标运动模拟器的框架及有关的模块进行了具体实现.     

分布式汽车驾驶交互仿真系统的实现

以驾驶模拟器的视景系统作为对象,提出了图像建模与几何建模相结合的建模方法,实现了以较少的系统消耗达到更加真实的视景仿真效果;采用基于Cg的"Shader"新技术,实现了虚拟环境中的动态流体特效和多层次纹理细节级别的良好效果;自主研发了基于计算机群集的多通道屏幕投影与显示技术,满足了沉浸式虚拟驾驶演示环境的特殊要求;实现了基于网络的分布式多客户、同场景的交互驾驶与实时通信对话.文中方法对分布式交互仿真系统的研究与开发有一定的参考价值.     

63A式水陆坦克驾驶训练模拟器的姿态仿真

63A式水陆坦克驾驶训练模拟器是一个具有两自由度的水陆坦克模拟训练系统，其运动平台由驱动电机、曲柄机构、反馈机构、支撑机构和固定装置等组成。该文介绍该模拟器姿态仿真系统的设计、特点以及控制程序的开发和应用。     

Obituary. Ted Megaw

Within the theoretical framework of control motivation, the effect of transient motivational variations (extrinsic to driving) on decision making in a simulated driving task was investigated. Young male drivers (mean age= 20.5 years), who were either novices or more experienced, participated in two experiments. In the first study (n = 45), the participants firstly carried out a reasoning task, extrinsic to driving, in which they randomly either failed (high control motivation), succeeded (low control motivation) or made aesthetic judgments with no evaluation in terms of success or failure (control group). Later, the participants had to decide whether to modify the given speed of a same vehicle for 38 driving situations presented in slide form. These situations were sorted into four categories according to the presence or absence of other road users and the presence or absence of an intersection. Compared with the control group, the participants of the failure group decide to make more speed changes as a function of the categories of driving situations and choose to make greater decelerations. Success leads the novices to discriminate less between the different categories of driving situations when making speed changes. A second study (n = 60) assessed whether high control motivation systematically induces a safer decision. The same driving task as in the first study was introduced by an instruction which made salient a representation of driving as being either cooperative or competitive. Whatever the instruction, the same results were found with the more experienced drivers: previous failure induces greater deceleration than success does. The opposite is observed for novices when driving was presented as a competitive activity, especially for intersection situations with no visible users. This discussion presents the usefulness of control motivation for understanding the drivers' regulation of their motivational states (allocation of attentional resources) and their representation of risk.     

水陆坦克海上运动姿态实时仿真探讨

探讨了如何解决水陆坦克海上运动姿态的实时仿真问题。根据水陆坦克运动动态平衡原理,采用保角法建立了在不同浪向下坦克运动的水动力学模型,并求解此水动力学模型的线性微分方程组,以获得坦克随时间变化的各自由度运动幅值。     

Behavioural compensation by drivers of a simulator when using a vision enhancement system

Technological progress is suggesting dramatic changes to the tasks of the driver, with the general aim of making driving environment safer. Before any of these technologies are implemented, empirical research is required to establish if these devices do, in fact, bring about the anticipated improvements. Initially, at least, simulated driving environments offer a means of conducting this research. The study reported here concentrates on the application of a vision enhancement (VE) system within the risk homeostasis paradigm. It was anticipated, in line with risk homeostasis theory, that drivers would compensate for the reduction in risk by increasing speed. The results support the hypothesis although, after a simulated failure of the VE system, drivers did reduce their speed due to reduced confidence in the reliability of the system.     

The use of psychophysiology to assess driver status

Twenty subjects completed an on-the-road driving experiment, consisting of two different tests conducted on two separate days. A two-part test was administered while subjects were under the influence of alcohol (BAC<=0·05%); a four-part test was administered without alcohol consisting of a 2·5?h driving test under vigilance conditions on a quiet highway. The order of the tests was balanced across subjects. Changes in relevant physiological parameters, such as ECG and EEG, reflected changes in driver status and predicted driving impairment. Impairment of driving performance was measured in a standard driving test (SD lateral position and SD steering wheel movements) and in a recently developed car-following test (reaction to speed changes of a leading car).     

多源信息融合在驾驶疲劳检测中的应用

疲劳驾驶已成为引起交通事故的主要原因之一。目前众多驾驶疲劳检测方法都是通过单一的基于图像处理技术实现对驾驶疲劳的识别检测,而这种方法易受驾驶环境的影响,限制了其检测的准确性和可靠性。针对这一局限性,引入多源信息融合技术,选择基于图像的PERCLOS值以及基于非图像的方向变化与驾驶员反应不一致情况、方向盘动作状态和连续驾驶时间作为融合参数,并采用TS模糊神经网络(TSFNN)进行综合判断的方法,提高了驾驶疲劳检测的准确性和可靠性。经过实验表明该方法有一定的有效性。     

浸泡罐计算机控制系统

论述了采用计算机对浸泡罐的浸泡过程进行数据采集及对主要工艺参数实施的方法，讨论了系统硬件和软件研究开发的主要路线和采用硬件滤波和软件数字滤波提高系统可靠性的方法。结果表明，系统稳定可靠实用，控制效果良好。     

Effect of road layout and road environment on driving performance,drivers' physiology and road appreciation

Abstract

Infrastructural changes were implemented on rural 80km/h roads in The Netherlands in an effort to reduce speeding. The road infrastructure changes were designed to produce discomfort for the speeding driver by providing noxious auditory and haptic feedback. On experimental roads, smooth-surface road width was reduced by using blocks of gravel chippings placed along the centre line and at intervals on road edges. It was predicted that these changes would increase mental load while driving, and thereby decrease speeding. In a field experiment 28 subjects drove an instrumented vehicle over experimental and control roads. A decrease in driving speed and swerving behaviour was found on the experimental roads, and this was coupled with a decrease in heart rate variability, consistent with an increase in mental load. Roads in two different road-side environments (woodland vs. moorland) were also tested. There were differences in driver appraisal of the two environments, but no interactions were observed between these appraisals and driving performance on the experimental roads. It is concluded that the infrastructural measures have a useful role to play in road safety through a reduction in driver speeding.     

Effects of using head-up display in automobile context on attention demand and driving performance

This study aimed to investigate the difference in driving performance between drivers’ attention on the head-up display (HUD)/road under low/high road conditions via a driving simulator experiment. Experimental driving included four driving scenarios with attention-on-the-HUD followed by attention-on-the-road or vice versa under high or low driving load conditions. Each scenario took about a 30-min driving consisting of two 15-min sections for each attention location. Forty-eight participants, divided into four groups, drove one of the four scenarios once. Besides driving safely within speed limit, participants were also required to perform detection task and speed limit sign response task. Results revealed that drivers paying attention to the HUD, under both low and high driving load conditions, reacted faster to speed limit sign changes than when paying attention to the road. In addition, attention-to-the-HUD under low driving load condition caused the smallest variation in steering wheel angle and lateral acceleration. These differences can be attributed to the driver's enhanced awareness and the cognitive capture effect, and tended to diminish with increasing driving workload. Finally, attention shift of drivers and the so-called novelty effect for using new technology product were also found.     

单片机在模拟坦克电台通信系统中的应用

利用单片机控制技术对坦克电台的各种信息进行检测处理， 并控制电子开关实现坦克电台模拟通信功能。