基于TRIZ技术进化理论的多功能插线板创新设计

目的聚焦技术系统本身而非客户本身来预测产品未来的发展趋势,挖掘客户的隐性需求。方法基于S曲线四参数法定位插线板的技术成熟度,然后确定应用技术进化法则的优先顺序,进而根据对应技术进化法则的多条技术进化路线,分析进化的不同状态序列,综合构建高理想度的创新方案。结论设计结果表明,应用TRIZ技术进化理论可以较客观地预测产品未来进化可能的结构形态,减少传统产品创新较强的主观性,据此得到的插线板创新方案,在产品美观、便携、多功能等方面均获得了明显提升。     

基于需求层次模型的产品发展趋势预测方法

提出了一种从用户产品需求进化规律来定位目前产品发展阶段,寻找产品改进方向,预测未来发展趋势的方法。该方法建立了用户需求层次模型和用户需求到产品特性之间的映射关系,采用模糊聚类分析法对产品特征进行聚类分析,并用分析结果进行产品预测。最后以插线板特征分析为例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

广东普宁没收假冒伪劣插座2.5万余只

＂下达罚款38.2万元,没收假冒伪劣插座25758只……＂记者近日从质检总局执法督查司获悉,广东省普宁市电源插线板执法工作取得了阶段性成果。 2014年5月中央电视台《每周质量报告》曝光了广东省普宁市部分不法企业违规生产老国标插线板,存在安全隐患。质检总局执法督查司对此高度重视,立即责成广东质监局迅速开展查处行动。     

数说

<正>广东普宁没收假冒伪劣插座2.5万余只"下达罚款38.2万元,没收假冒伪劣插座25758只……"记者近日从质检总局执法督查司获悉,广东省普宁市电源插线板执法工作取得了阶段性成果。2014年5月中央电视台《每周质量报告》曝光了广东省普宁市部分不法企业违规生产老国标插线板,存在安全隐患。质检总局执法督查司对此高度重视,立即责成广东质监局迅速开展查处行动。随后普宁市质监局协同工商等职能部门联合地方政府对该市范围内插座类     

基于产品设计系统思维的家电产品模块化设计

目的探索基于产品设计系统思维的家电产品模块化设计思路。方法模块划分是产品模块化设计的基础与关键,可看作是基于需求层、功能层、结构层的过程而进行,该过程注重对产品功能属性的塑造而缺乏审美精神属性的把握。基于产品设计系统思维,结合多种形式及放置方式的移动插线板模块化设计实例,将产品设计系统之设计要素映射于模块划分的不同层次,从设计系统的角度对家电产品模块划分进程给予指引与限定,使设计结果兼具人文精神内涵。结论从设计系统角度进行家电产品模块化设计,其设计结果兼具了产品的功能与精神双重属性,既发挥了模块化的自身优势,又补充了模块化设计在人文精神表达上的缺憾。     

关注身边的安全正确选用插线板

家庭是构成社会的基础,家庭安全也是社会安全的基础,是人们安居乐业的基础。为保障插线板产品安全,我国制定了《家用和类似用途插头插座第2部分：转换器的特殊要求》（GB 2099.3-2008）强制性国家标准,已于2010年6月1日正式实施。该标准对我国插座转换器各项安全性能指标进行了严格规定,标准技术水平与国际标准一致。     

关注身边的安全 正确选用插线板

家庭是构成社会的基础,家庭安全也是社会安全的基础,是人们安居乐业的基础。为保障插线板产品安全,我国制定了《家用和类似用途插头插座第2部分:转换器的特殊要求》(GB 2099.3-2008)强制性国家标准,已于2010年6月1日正式实施。该标准对我国插座转换器各项安全性能指标进行了严格规定,标准技术水平与国际标准一致。     

数说

<正>质检总局和国标委发布35项重要国家标准10月13日,世界标准日前夕,质检总局和国家标准委批准发布了《家用和类似用途插头插座》等3S项涉及健康安全、旅游消费、生态环境等经济社会发展诸多方面的国家标准。据介绍,《家用和类似用途插头插座》2项强制性国家标准对插线板保护门、电缆导体截面积、耐火阻燃性能等提出了新的要求。《休闲露营地建设与服务规范》系列国家标准在引导和规范休闲露营服务的同时,可以催生新的服务业     

安全梯子

正设计说明:对在高空作业的的人来说,安全是最重要的。由于电源插座一般是设置在房间的墙脚,踩在梯子上工作的人使用电钻或者带有电线的工具时,过长的电线会缠绕或妨碍操作人的行动,影响到他们的站立,带来安全隐患。"安全梯子"的设计,是将插线板设计整合到梯子内,保持了常规梯子的结构,但在梯子的顶部增加了电源的插座,以避免     

插线板须设保护门防儿童触电 电磁炉锅具要加特别标识 国标委发布35项国家标准

<正>国家标准委10月13日集中发布《家用和类似用途插头插座》《家用电磁炉适用锅》《休闲露营地建设与服务规范》《城镇供水服务》等35项国家标准。新标准涉及健康安全、旅游消费、生态环境等经济社会发展诸多方面。插线板须设保护门此次《家用和类似用途插头插座》两项强制性国家标准增加了设置保护门的要求,避免因手指或金属物件碰触插座插孔而导致触电事故发生,从而提高了延长线插座的安全性。另外,额定电流10安培的延长线插座,导体最小标称横截面积由0.75平方毫米提升到1平方毫米;额定电流16安培的延长线插座,导体最小标称横截面积由     

中国和欧盟婴幼儿食品接触用产品监管标准研究

目的 针对婴幼儿食品接触产品,分析中国与欧盟标准的异同,为国内产品标准的提升提供依据.方法 综述中国和欧盟婴幼儿食品接触产品标准状况,结合中国婴童用品使用中存在的现实问题,分析国内标准存在的不足,展望未来标准化工作的重点方向.结果 中国和欧盟均高度重视奶瓶、奶嘴质量安全,对关注度高的物质限量严格;由于标准架构不同,因此欧盟标准要求得更全面、更严格;我国食品安全国家标准体系对"婴幼儿"定义模糊不清,哺喂工具类、饮水壶、杯等强制性产品类的国家标准缺失.结论 虽然我国婴童用食品接触产品标准卫生安全要求严格,但产品标准有待健全,涵盖卫生性能、产品结构设计和物理力学性能的产品类国家标准亟需制定.     

我国ESD标准研究进展、问题分析及对策建议

ESD危害涉及电子、石油、石化、汽车、国防和航空航天等众多领域,是影响产品质量、工程项目质量、安全生产和公共安全的重要因素,其标准化已得到众多国际组织的高度重视.本文对国内ESD领域国家标准、军用标准、行业标准的发展现状进行了全面调研,分析了表征研究对象类(TC或主题)标准化活跃程度的标准数量(S)和平均标龄(Y)等两个主要因子.通过对比国外标准发展现状,发现我国ESD标准发展存在主题类型不全面,标准体系不完善,管理体系标准适用面窄、时效性差,测试模型标准缺失等四方面的重要问题.建议从“产品-检测-认证-管理”等四个层次上,尽快对接国外先进标准,建设国家静电安全标准体系.     

Characterization of fatigue crack growth in aluminium panels with a bonded composite patch

This study introduces an analytical procedure to characterize the fatigue crack growth behavior in an aluminium panel repaired with a bonded composite patch. This procedure involves the computation of the stress intensity factor from a two-dimensional finite element method consisting of three layers to model cracked plate, adhesive and composite patch. In this three layer finite element analysis, as recently introduced by the authors, two-dimensional Mindlin plate elements with transverse shear deformation capability are used. The computed stress intensity factor is then compared with the experimental counterpart. The latter was obtained from the measured fatigue crack growth rate of an aluminium panel with a bonded patch by using the power law relationship (Paris Law) of an unpatched aluminum panel. Both a completely bonded patch (with no debond) and a partially bonded patch (with debond) are investigated in this study. This procedure, thus, provides an effective and reliable technique to predict the fatigue life of a repaired structure with a bonded patch, or alternatively, it can be used to design the bonded composite patch configuration to enhance the fatigue life of cracked structure.     

Stress and failure analysis of woven composite plates with adhesive patch-reinforced circular hole

The application of a single-sided patch reinforcement to a woven E-glass fiber/epoxy composite panel with a central circular fastener hole is studied using three-dimensional finite element analysis. The width of the panel is 25.4 mm, while three hole diameters (3, 6 and 9 mm) are used in the study. The reinforcement patch is square in shape and is made of either E-glass fiber/epoxy or carbon fiber/epoxy laminae, with the patch-to-panel-thickness varying from 0.1 to 0.7. To simulate the ‘fastened’ condition, the patch-reinforced panel is bolted to a mild steel bar, which is fixed in the direction normal to the panel. One end of the panel is subject to unidirectional tensile load while the other end is under clamped boundary conditions. The through-thickness stress distributions and the failure loads of the patch-reinforced panels are evaluated by finite element analysis. Contact elements are used to account for interaction between contact surfaces. Experiments are also performed to verify the model.The relationships between the patch-to-panel-thickness and the strength of the panel and the material of patch reinforcement are considered and discussed.     

汽车中控台设计中的安全性原则研究

目的分析汽车中控台设计中影响驾驶安全的因素,研究在汽车驾驶过程中,用户与汽车中控台的人机交互方式,归纳出适合汽车设计中的人车互动的安全性原则。方法通过分析汽车交通事故的各种原因,提出导致事故的主要源头为人、车、环境。人与汽车存在相互影响关系,并结合汽车中控台设计,列举汽车设计中影响操作的因素,而用户的这些不合理操作则导致驾驶事故的发生。结论产品在设计时应结合以人为本思想,用户在驾驶汽车和操作中控过程中,会因视线偏移时间过长、分心驾驶影响行车安全,由此在汽车中控操作界面的设计中应体现易用、可视、可感的交互原则,通过这些安全设计原则,以减轻并缩短驾驶者的认知负荷和操作时间,最终使汽车更懂人,人驾驶汽车更安全。     

Wie sicher sind keramische Kugelköpfe für Hüftendoprothesen

How safe are ceramic femoral heads for hip endoprotheses? This is a review of the basic properties, standards, and regulations that are correlated to the application and safety of ceramic femoral heads for hip endoprotheses. The investigation of more than 150 retrieved femoral heads (revisions and autopsies) provides information about the reasons of the failures and was basis for projects to improve ceramic femoral heads. The revision on a hip endoprothesis is mostly caused by aseptic loosening of the stem or the socket. Failures because of materials properties, e.g. fracture of a stem or because of an infection are quite seldom. Because of this investigation it can be concluded that the Biolox femoral head is a safe component in a hip endoprothesis. Based on 20 years clinical experience the in vivo failure rate is less than 0.02% for Biolox femoral heads, 0.01% for heads wite 28mm diameter.     

Fatigue crack growth analysis of stiffened cracked panel repaired with bonded composite patch

Fatigue crack growth behavior in a stiffened thin 2024-T3 aluminum panel repaired with one-sided adhesively bonded composite patch was investigated through experiments and analyses. The patch had three plies of unidirectional boron/epoxy composite. 2024-T3 aluminum stiffeners were riveted as well as bonded on the panel. Stiffeners were oriented in the loading direction and were spaced at either 102 mm or 152 mm with a crack centered between them. Also, un-repaired cracked panel with and without stiffeners were studied. Experiment involved tension-tension fatigue at constant amplitude with maximum stress of 120 MPa and stress ratio of 0.05. Bonded composite patch repair increased fatigue life about five-fold in the case of stiffened panels while it increased about ten fold in the case of un-stiffened panels. Fatigue life also increased with decrease of the distance between the stiffeners for both repaired and un-repaired panels. A three-dimensional finite element method was used to analyze the experiments. Residual thermal stresses, developed during patch bonding, requires the knowledge of temperature at which adhesive becomes effective in creating a bond between the structure and patch in the analysis. A simple method to estimate the effective curing temperature range is suggested in this study. The computed stress intensity factor versus measured crack growth relationships for all panel configurations were consistent and in agreement with the counterpart from the test material. Thus, the present approach provides a means to analyze the fatigue crack growth behavior of stiffened structures repaired with adhesively bonded composite patch.     

我国水产饲料标准化体系现状、问题及对策

我国现有水产饲料标准数量少、覆盖面小,尤其是安全限量标准滞后严重。因此,优化和完善水产饲料标准化体系,以规范水产养殖活动,加强对水产品质量安全的监管,已成为刻不容缓的任务。本文归纳总结了我国水产饲料标准化体系的现状和存在的问题,提出解决问题的对策,建议在福建设立国家水产饲料质量安全重点实验室,可以作为依托实验室与我国水产饲料标准化分技术委员会相配合,利用海西优势,共同努力,健全我国水产饲料标准化体系。     

基于产品伤害监测的儿童玩具误吞风险因素分析

儿童玩具的质量安全一直是社会关注的热点,其中玩具的误吞风险是目前玩具安全的最大隐患之一。为了全面、立体地发现产品潜在风险,我国正逐步推动产品伤害监测工作,通过产品伤害的调查和分析,支撑产品风险的控制与管理。本文基于广东省2017~2019年产品伤害监测数据,从人群、环境、产品3个因素出发,分析玩具误吞伤害的发生特征,并结合相关标准的规定和要求对各个因素分别进行风险分析,并有针对性地分别提出了干预建议,以预防和减少产品伤害的发生,为今后基于产品伤害监测的产品风险管理与质量安全防控工作提供有益参考。     

Whole-field strain analysis and damage assessment of adhesively bonded patch repair of CFRP laminates using 3D-DIC and FEA

The problem of damage evolution in composite structures, the way it propagates, performance and behavior is of paramount importance in utilizing them for structural applications. In the present work, an experimental study is carried out using digital image correlation (DIC) technique to analyze the behavior of adhesively bonded patch repair of carbon/epoxy unidirectional composite laminates under tensile loading. The damaged panel is repaired with both double and single sided circular patch made of same parent material. Damage initiation and propagation in notched and repaired panel as well as patch debonding is studied using 3D-DIC. Also a 3-D finite element analysis is carried out and obtained strain values are compared with the experimental prediction. They are found to be in good agreement.