时效对Ti—51%Ni形态记忆合金组织和相变行为的影响

用示差扫描热分析仪和光学显微镜研究了时效对Ｔｉ－５１ａｔ％Ｎｉ形状记忆合金组织和相变行为的影响。加热冷却时，该合金发生了Ｂ２＝Ｒ＝Ｍ转变。给出了Ｒ、Ｍ相变温度、热滞、相变热与时效温度，时效时间的关系。Ｒ相的形态类似于上贝氏体或魏氏组织，析出物的形态呈针状交叉分析。     

时效对Ti─51％Ni形状记忆合金组织和相变行为的影响

用示差扫描热分析仪（ＤＳＣ）和光学显微镜研究了时效对Ｔｉ－５１ａｔ％Ｎｉ形状记忆合金组织和相变行为的影响。加热冷却时，该合金发生了Ｂ_２　Ｒ　Ｍ转变。给出了Ｒ、Ｍ相变温度、热滞、相变热与时效温度、时效时间的关系。Ｒ相的形态类似于上贝氏体或魏氏组织。析出物的形态呈针状交叉分布。     

Ti100-xNix(x=40～70)形状记忆合金的Ni含量-时效工艺-相变行为关系图及其应用

采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)建立了Ti_100-xNi_x(x=40～70)形状记忆合金的Ni含量-时效工艺-DSC曲线关系图、Ni含量-时效工艺-相变类型关系图、Ni含量-时效工艺-相变温度关系图、Ni含量-时效工艺-相变热滞关系图、Ni含量-时效工艺-相变潜热关系图。利用这些图能解决两类问题：当TiNi形状记忆合金的Ni含量、时效温度和时效时间已知时，可预测该合金的DSC曲线、相变类型、相变温度、相变热滞和相变潜热；当期望TiNi形状记忆合金具有某个DSC曲线、相变类型、相变温度、相变热滞或相变潜热时，可设计该合金的Ni含量、时效温度和时效时间。     

冷轧变形对高性能Cu-Ni-Si合金组织性能与析出行为的影响

采用DSC、TEM、导电率和力学性能等测试方法，研究了不同冷轧变形量对Cu-3.0Ni-0.60Si-0.16Zn-0.15Cr-0.03P (质量分数，%)合金组织性能与析出行为的影响，旨在通过工艺调控提升该合金的综合性能。通过对比不同冷轧变形后合金的开始析出温度和再结晶温度以及时效后合金的组织性能，确定了高性能Cu-NiSi系合金的形变-时效工艺参数，明确了冷轧变形量对合金时效析出动力学的影响规律和强化相析出的调控机制；合金经过95%冷轧+450℃、60 min形变热处理后获得了显著优于现有Cu-Ni-Si合金(如C70250)的性能，其抗拉强度为(841±10) MPa，导电率为(52.2±0.3)%IACS。     

单级时效对7804预拉伸厚板组织和性能的影响

研究了7804合金单级时效处理过程中时效温度和时效时间对合金力学性能和电导率的影响，观察和对比了几种不同时效处理制度下合金的显微组织。结果表明：单级时效处理的温度越高，合金达到峰时效所需的时间越短，材料的峰时效强度和延伸率越低。电导率随时效时间的延长而不断上升；时效温度越高，电导率的增长速率越快。峰时效合金基体内有大量细小的弥散相析出，晶界析出相呈连续分布。当时效温度较低时，过时效合金的显微组织与峰时效没有明显差别；当时效温度较高时，过时效合金内粗大析出相的数量明显增加，晶界析出相呈不连续分布。不同时效温度下的峰时效和过时效合金中均不存在明显的晶间无析出带。     

终时效对7475铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用透射电镜和万能材料试验机研究了双级时效处理中终时效对7475铝合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：当一级时效工艺为120℃×5 h及终时效工艺为160℃×14 h时，合金基体析出相数量多，且细小弥散，晶界无沉淀析出带较窄，晶界析出相且呈断续分布；此时合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率最佳，分别为509 MPa、463 MPa和12.4%,与未处理的合金相比，抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别提高了4.5%、9.2%和11.7%;终时效温度为160℃时，随着终时效时间的延长，合金的强度先增后减，但变化幅度不大；终时效温度大于等于165℃时，随着终时效时间的延长，合金的强度显著降低，这是由于晶界无沉淀析出带宽度显著变宽，基体析出相尺寸明显粗化所致。     

时效工艺对Ti-26合金棒材组织和拉伸性能的影响

对经过790℃固溶处理后的Ti-26合金棒材进行了不同温度及时间的时效处理，研究了时效温度和时间对Ti-26合金棒材显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。研究结果表明：在450-550℃范围内，随时效温度升高，合金组织有针状“相弥散物析出。升温至510℃，相同时效时间内析出α相数量最多，高于510℃，部分析出α相开始溶解。合金时效处理10h内，随时效时间延长，合金组织针状α相弥散物数量增加，且针状α相存在跨晶界长大现象。合金经510℃×10h时效处理，OL相形核和长大达到最佳匹配，Ti-26合金获得理想的强度和塑性匹配。     

铜碲合金时效工艺的研究

研究了铜碲合金的时效工艺，用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)分析了析出相的形貌与组成，进而研究了时效工艺对其电性能及力学性能的影响。研究表明：时效过程中Te以第二相形式析出(Cu2Te)；随时效温度的升高、时效时间的延长，时效态的铜碲合金位错密度降低，晶粒长大，第二相析出充分，因而电阻率单调下降；但由于时效析出与再结晶的交互作用，其抗拉强度出现波动，存在1个峰值；综合性能以420℃下时效6h较好。     

热处理对Ti40阻燃钛合金热稳定性能的影响

针对Ti40合金,设计了5种热处理工艺,并将5种工艺归为3类:中温退火、高温淬火 预时效 时效及高温退火 中温退火 时效.分别测试了Ti40合金在3类热处理工艺下的室温力学性能及500℃、550℃热暴露100 h的热稳定性能,并分析了合金的微观组织.结果表明,不同的热处理工艺下,合金室温力学性能相差不大,而热稳定性能变化较大;直接中低温退火后合金的热稳定性能最好,其原因主要是由于中低温退火后,合金组织中保留一部分锻造的高密度位错等缺陷,并且晶界曲折不平,这使得在热暴露过程中,单位晶界析出物的数量减少,弱化了晶界析出物对合金热稳定性能的不利影响.     

时效工艺对Ti-Ni-V形状记忆合金显微组织和超弹性的影响

采用TEM和拉伸实验研究经300、400和500℃分别时效0.5-100 h后,时效温度和时效时间对Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V(摩尔分数,%)形状记忆合金室温显微组织和超弹性(SE)的影响。结果表明,时效温度对合金析出相形貌和SE特性的影响比时效时间显著。随时效温度的升高,合金中Ti3Ni4析出物形态由颗粒状向针状再向粗片状演变,合金的应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力(σM)降低,SE特性变差。300℃时效态合金的σM最大,SE最好;500℃时效态合金的σM最小,SE最差。随时效时间的延长,300℃时效态合金的SE特性稳定,σM和超弹性能耗降低;400和500℃时效态合金的超弹性残余应变增加,SE特性逐渐消失。     

EFFECTS OF HEAT TREATMENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF Cu-Zn-Al (RE) SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

1. Introduction Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys have extensive application prospects because of their unique properties and low cost. However, some elements have to he added into Cu-Zn- Al shape memory alloys in order to refine their grains and to improve their mechanical properties. Some works indicated that adding rare earth (RE) elements or mixed RE (La+Ce) could improve the related properties remarkably[13]. The effects of RE addition are as the following: (1) refining grains of the al…     

Some aspects of superplastic flow of eutectic alloys connected with metastability

Some features of the manifestation of superplastic properties in the Pb-62% Sn alloy have been investigated depending on the duration of aging after preliminary reduction. Mechanical tests have been conducted under creep conditions at a constant applied stress. Metallographic studies of the structure transformation in the process of superplastic flow have been performed at mesoscopic and macroscopic levels. X-ray diffraction investigations have been carried out. The experimental results have been analyzed in combination with the earlier data on the internal friction and changes in Young’s modulus depending on the regimes of aging. Based on the results of the analysis, a conclusion has been made which confirms the previously suggested assumptions that the superplasticity effect in the eutectic Pb-62% Sn alloy is determined by the interaction between the processes of plastic deformation and phase transformations under the action of an external tensile load.     

Study of the Evolution of the Structure and Kinetics of Martensitic Transformations in a Titanium Nickelide upon Isothermal Annealing after Hot Helical Rolling

Differential scanning calorimetry has been used to study the effect of the temperature and holding time upon isothermal annealing on the calorimetric effects of the martensitic transformations (MTs) of an aging Ti–50.7 at % Ni alloy produced by hot helical rolling at a temperature of 850–900°С with subsequent cooling in air. The sequence of the phase transitions upon reverse MT has been determined using X-ray diffractometry. The regularities of the evolution of the characteristic temperatures of martensitic transformations after annealing at temperatures of 400, 430, and 450°С for 1–10 h have been analyzed. The results of electron-microscopic studies of the structure of the alloy in the initial state and after annealing have been presented; the features of the morphology of the Ti₃Ni₄ phase precipitated upon aging have been analyzed. Based on the results of calorimetric and structural studies, the temperature of the highest intensity of the aging processes has been determined.     

时效对Ti—50.8Ni—0.3Cr形状记忆合金组织和超弹性的影响

利用TEM和拉伸实验研究了时效工艺对Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr（原子分数,%）形状记忆合金（SMA）显微组织和超弹性的影响.随时效时间(t_ag)延长,300℃时效态Ti-50.8Ni-0.3Cr SMA的Ti₃Ni₄析出相呈细小颗粒状,400℃时效态合金的析出相由颗粒状逐渐变为针状,500℃时效态合金的析出相由针状逐渐变为粗片状.时效温度对析出相形态的影响比t_ag显著.随t_ag延长,300和400℃时效态合金的抗拉强度（σ_b）先增大后趋于稳定,σ_b（500℃）先减小后趋于稳定,且σ_b（400℃）>σ_b（300℃）>σ_b（500℃）.300和400℃时效态合金的超弹性优于500℃时效态合金.随t_ag延长,该合金的应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力逐渐减小,300℃时效态合金的超弹性能耗（△W）降低,400℃时效态合金的△W升高,500℃时效态合金的△W先升高后降低.     

Age-induced multi-stage transformation in a Ni-rich NiTiHf alloy

Abnormal multi-stage transformations have already been studied in binary Ni-rich NiTi alloys. In this research, this kind of transformation was investigated in a low supersaturated Ni-rich ternary NiTiHf high-temperature shape memory alloy by aging at intermediate temperatures for various durations. Meticulous examinations of the results of differential scanning calorimetry tests demonstrated the heterogeneous precipitation of (Ti,Hf)₃Ni₄ particles and the three-stage transformation (one-stage R and two-stage B19′) in the aged alloy. Aging provided a significant rise in transformation temperatures (TTs) until they reached their equilibrium states, corresponding to the equilibrium Ni content at each aging temperature. Equilibrium TTs were higher when aging was performed at a lower temperature. The remarkable increase in TTs was compared with those in aged Ni-rich NiTi alloys, and discussed based on the variation in valence electron concentration. A model was also proposed for the microstructural evolution during aging. Furthermore, aging provided enhanced hardness and strain recovery for the alloy. In particular, aging at a lower temperature resulted in a considerable improvement in hardness and shape recovery, which was discussed based on the microstructural changes in the aged alloy. Equilibrium Ni content at each aging temperature proved to be a crucial parameter in controlling the alloy properties, even in heterogeneous precipitations.     

Effect of neutron irradiation and postradiation annealing on the microstructure and properties of an Al–Mg–Si alloy

The effect of long-term neutron irradiation and postradiation thermal-induced aging on the microstructure and mechanical properties of an aluminum-based reactor Al–Mg–Si alloy grade SAV-1 has been studied. The material under study is the shell of an automatic fine-control rod used to control the reactivity of the core of a VVR-K research reactor. Successive 1-h annealings of specimens of the SAV-1 alloy irradiated to doses of 0.001 and 5 dpa in the temperature range of 100–550°C have been carried out. The evolution of the fine structure of the material and changes in its mechanical characteristics have been studied. The phenomenon of the acceleration of the aging of the SAV-1 alloy under the effect of a high neutron fluence at an irradiation temperature of 80°C has been observed, which involves the formation of numerous lineage (stitch) Guinier–Preston zones in the alloy. It has been shown that the strength characteristics of the SAV-1 alloy depend significantly on the degree of its radiation- and thermal-induced aging.     

High-Temperature Transformation Processes in Cu-13.4Al-5Ni Shape Memory Alloy Single Crystals

Cu-13.4Al-5Ni alloy single crystals were investigated after performing the corresponding heat treatments to reveal the formation of equilibrium α and γ₂ phases and to examine transformation processes occurring in the alloy during heating-cooling cycles between room temperature and 970 K. Transformation processes were examined using heat flux DSC, structure examinations were performed using optical microscope and SEM devices, and phase identifications were carried out by XRD method. Identification of the equilibrium α phase using XRD method was not possible on the single crystal samples. According to the results, the equilibrium phases (α and γ₂) form only after long-term heat treatments. Because of that, aging processes do not affect the thermoelastic martensitic transformation of the CuAlNi alloy. This phenomenon is probably caused by the high Ni content that decreases the diffusion rate in CuAlNi alloys.     

双重时效的低温形变热处理对Al-Mg-Si-RE合金力学性能的影响

研究了双重时效的低温形变热处理（ＬＴＨＴ）对ＡｌＭｇＳｉＲＥ合金力学性能的影响。双重时效的低温形变热处理使ＡｌＭｇＳｉＲＥ合金获得抗拉强度σｂ＝３５０ＭＰａ,σ０．２＝２９１ＭＰａ和延伸率δ＝６％的最佳综合力学性能。显然用这种处理工艺比用固溶淬火＋时效的普通热处理工艺优越。研究表明,双重时效的低温形变热处理是有效提高ＲＥＡｌ合金强度的一种值得推广的工艺。     

QBe2铜合金再结晶与时效析出交互作用机制的研究

研究了ＱＢｅ２铜合金的再结晶与时效析出交互作用机制。结果表明，时效析出使再结晶温度和激活能提高，再结晶以连续和不连续方式进行；在不连续再结晶过程中，析出相在晶界前沿快速粗化或重新溶解。析出相在迁移晶界的重新析出导致不连续析出。冷变形量及时效温度是影响交互作用的主要因素。