三种混凝剂处理大红染料废水的脱色研究

用投加化学混凝剂的方法处理直接耐晒大红染料废水,讨论了不同种类的混凝剂、混凝剂的投加量和废水的pH值对色度去除率的影响。试验结果表明：在硫酸亚铁、氯化铝、氯化铁3种混凝剂中,硫酸亚铁的脱色效果最好,在最优化条件下（pH值为8,投加量为300 mg/L）,达到最高色度去除率94.0%。并且得出氯化铝、氯化铁的最佳pH值范围分别为：5～7、6～8,最佳投加量分别为25、250 mg/L,相应的脱色率分别是79.4%、88.0%。其中,氯化铝投加量极少,有利于节约成本。     

页岩气压裂返排废水的混凝处理效能研究

对页岩气压裂返排废水进行了混凝处理,研究了聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁等不同混凝剂对压裂返排废水COD的去除效果,考察了p H、混凝剂投加量和助凝剂投加量对COD去除率的影响。结果表明:在复配混凝剂为硫酸亚铁和聚合氯化铝(质量比为1∶1),混凝剂投加量为12 000 mg/L,p H为8.5,助凝剂投加量为10 mg/L的最佳混凝处理条件下,压裂返排废水的COD去除率为62.49%,出水COD由1 984.32 mg/L降至744.32 mg/L。     

水性油墨废水混凝工艺的优化研究

采用混凝法对水性油墨废水进行处理,探讨了混凝剂种类及投加量、混凝最佳pH值、助凝剂种类及投加量等因素对混凝效果的影响。结果表明,当混凝剂硫酸亚铁投加量为200 mg/L,助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺投加量为2.5 mg/L,pH值为5,沉降时间为40 min时,处理后的废水色度去除率达97%以上,COD去除率达92%以上。     

混凝法处理珠海某织带厂印染废水

实验研究了用投加化学混凝剂处理印染废水的方法,探讨了不同的混凝剂、混凝剂的投放量和废水的起始pH对COD和色度去除率的影响.研究表明,化学混凝法处理印染废水经济,操作简单,处理效果较好.同时,研究结果表明,KAl(SO4)2投加量为250 mg/L,pH为6.7时处理该废水效果较好.在最优化条件下,COD的去除率为81.6%,脱色率为86.5%.     

混凝-微波法处理抛光液废水的试验研究

用混凝-微波法处理抛光液废水,考察了硫酸亚铁与三氯化铁加入量、pH、微波功率、废水在微波场中的停留时间对微波处理效果的影响。通过单因素试验与正交试验找出了影响较大的因素,pH对整个去除率有至关重要的影响。最佳微波条件为pH为8,微波功率为170 W,停留时间为20 s,混凝剂硫酸亚铁的投加量为600 mg/L、三氯化铁的投加量为100 mg/L。同时,当敏化剂高岭土的投加量为300 mg/L、沸石粉的投加量为100 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到75.8%,Cu2+去除率可达到76%。     

一种新型混凝剂NS-128在印染废水中的应用研究

采用新研制的混凝剂NS-128对染料溶液、工业染料废水、实际印染废水进行了COD去除率和脱色试验,探讨了投药量、温度、pH值等条件的影响。结果表明:NS-128对以上三类废水均有显著的COD去除和脱色效果,其中对印染废水的COD去除率和脱色率分别高达89.35%和94.36%,COD最低可降至30 mg/L,处理后出水的COD和色度均满足污水排放的一级标准。     

硫酸亚铁活化过硫酸钠降解印染废水的研究

本实验研究了Fe2+活化过硫酸钠处理印染废水的工艺,采用正交试验,研究了硫酸亚铁投加量、反应pH、反应时间、过硫酸钠投加量对印染废水的COD去除效果的影响。实验表明,当硫酸亚铁投加量1000 mg/L、废水pH为4、反应时间为30 min、过硫酸钠投加量为1.2 g/L,印染废水的去除率最优,达到70%以上。     

电絮凝气浮法处理分散艳蓝E-4R废水的研究

采用电絮凝气浮法处理分散艳蓝E-4R染料废水,考察了电解时间、废水初始浓度、pH值及外加电解质氯化钠和絮凝剂等不同反应条件对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,染料废水脱色率随着电解时间的加大而逐渐增大并随初始浓度的增大而慢慢降低;pH值在2.5~10范围内电解均可获得较高的脱色率。初始浓度为400 mg/L的染料废水,电解20 min后脱色率即达87.39%,但TOC去除率只有10.49%。投加50 mg/L氯化钠后,脱色率和TOC去除率分别达到93.61%和73.49%,TOC去除率提高60%以上。在电解的条件下投加不同絮凝剂能提高染料废水的处理效果,其处理效果从大到小依次为:硫酸铝>三氯化铝>硫酸亚铁,它们的适宜用量分别为50,100,100 mg/L。     

Fenton试剂对染料废水的降解脱色作用研究

为了进一步探讨Fenton法对某些难降解有机物的降解效果,研究影响降解的诸多因素,以甲基橙模拟染料废水为研究对象,以色度和COD去除率为检测指标,研究了Fenton反应中pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe2+离子浓度、反应时间、温度对甲基橙模拟染料废水脱色率及COD去除率的影响规律.结果表明:Fenten试剂可有效地去除甲基橙模拟染料废水中的色度和COD.染料浓度为200mg/L时,在pH=4、20℃、H2O2=(浓度为30%)投量为0.6mL/L、硫酸亚铁投量为200mg/L时,反应60min,甲基橙模拟染料废水的色度去除率可以达到99.66%,COD的去除率可达88%.     

芬顿氧化深度处理实际印染废水研究

采用芬顿氧化作为深度处理工艺处理实际印染废水,对芬顿氧化处理实际印染废水的工艺条件(pH、硫酸亚铁投加量、过氧化氢投加量、反应时间等)进行实验研究,并计算成本进行优化比选。结果表明,选择pH=3.5、硫酸亚铁投加量0.15 g/L、30%过氧化氢投加量0.26 mL/L、30%氢氧化钠投加量0.24 mL/L、PAM投加量1 mg/L的工艺条件时,出水COD平均值为22.8 mg/L,COD去除率可达67.5%,药剂成本最低,为0.98元/m³。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。