大面积3D有序介孔二氧化钛薄膜光子晶体制备与性能研究

介绍了大面积有序反蛋白石结构介孔二氧化钛薄膜光子晶体制备与性能研究的进展.为了保证二氧化钛骨架结构的稳定性和有序度,从而使氧化钛介孔薄膜达到大面积结构均匀,在介孔薄膜制备过程中采用了几种新的工艺方法,其中包括二氧化硅晶体模板的应用和用NaOH溶液代替常用的HF溶液作为模板去除剂.制备的介孔二氧化钛薄膜光子晶体的面积达到厘米尺寸,二氧化钛骨架的填充率达到17.4%,薄膜制备过程中的收缩率<3%.薄膜透射光谱研究结果表明,这种大面积3D有序的反蛋白石结构介孔二氧化钛薄膜具有非常优良的光子带隙特性,有望成为一类具有非常好的发展和应用前景的光子晶体材料.     

介孔基纳米复合薄膜研究进展

基于介孔薄膜的有序纳米孔结构及一致孔径,通过客体组分的高效负载,开展介孔基纳米复合薄膜的制备科学与性能研究是近年来材料、化学、物理领域的共同热点。首先综述了国内外近年来在介孔薄膜及介孔基纳米复合薄膜方面的工作进展,重点阐释了通过模板置换、离子交换、有机硅烷表面修饰等新方法设计,以及在介孔薄膜中进行金属氧化物、贵金属、半导体纳米粒子高效负载的研究结果;在此基础上,进一步综述了介孔基纳米复合薄膜有关非线性光学特性的研究进展,尤其是材料制备过程中的外场环境(磁场、微重力等)对纳米复合材料非线性光学性质的可能影响。     

纤维素纳米晶模板法制备有序介孔材料研究进展

纤维素纳米晶(cellulose nanocrysals,CNCs)是一种新型的模板材料,利用其自组装形成的手性结构可以实现CNCs模板法制备有序介孔材料。该法直接采用先驱体与具有自组装效应的CNCs复合并选择性去除模板或先驱体得到有序介孔,避免了预先制备介孔模板,缩短了工艺,并且对介孔结构可调性好。对应的介孔材料比表面积大、孔隙率高,介孔结构有序,为可控制备有序介孔材料提供了参考路径。介绍了CNCs的制备及其自组装,并且综述了近年来利用CNCs模板法制备有序介孔材料的研究进展,最后,对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望。     

有序介孔二氧化钛粉体研究进展

主要综述了高度有序六方相和立方相孔道结构介孔二氧化钛以及具有低有序蠕虫状孔道结构介孔二氧化钛的制备方法及其结构特征。总结了后处理法、模板剂脱除法在制备稳定、具有有序介孔和锐钛矿相孔壁的介孔二氧化钛粉体中的应用,指出采用直接合成法制备孔壁结晶的介孔二氧化钛原粉,之后用萃取法脱除模板剂并用钛酸异丙酯蒸气增强骨架,将是得到高稳定性有序介孔二氧化钛材料的良好途径。     

晶态过渡金属氧化物介孔材料的合成进展

过渡金属氧化物介孔材料是继介孔氧化硅之后引起广泛关注的研究热点,而晶态时过渡金属氧化物介孔材料的性质及广泛应用起着决定性的作用.从合成角度综述了硬模板和软模板法制备有序晶态过渡金属氧化物介孔材料的研究进展,并且展望了介孔材料的发展趋势.硬模板法制备的介孔材料比软模板法有更好的有序性,而软模板法合成过程简便,有更好的工业应用前景,但需解决材料的有序介孔结构热稳定性差的难题.     

定向介孔薄膜制备的研究进展

定向介孔薄膜是指内部孔道沿着同一方向定向排列的介孔薄膜. 本文就定向介孔薄膜的制备方法特别是近几年内的进展进行了回顾和评述, 按形成介孔薄膜的机理总结出三类制备介孔薄膜的方法, 并且分析了薄膜制备过程中的影响因素, 从薄膜定向性的角度对制备介孔薄膜的研究进行了分析与展望, 提出了今后制备定向介孔薄膜的发展方向和研究热点.     

静电纺介孔氧化硅基纳米纤维的研究进展

介孔氧化硅是最为典型的介孔材料,其具有比表面积高、孔径均一、易于表面修饰等优异特性,广泛应用于吸附分离、催化、传感以及物质负载与缓释等领域。关于粉体和薄膜形态的介孔氧化硅已有大量报道,但纤维形态,特别是连续纤维形态的介孔氧化硅材料的制备仍然是一项挑战。近年来随着静电纺技术的发展,连续纤维形貌的介孔氧化硅材料的制备取得了重要进展。根据纤维介孔结构的有序度和介孔结构引入方式的不同,对静电纺介孔氧化硅基纳米纤维进行详细的介绍。     

嵌段共聚物及其在有序介孔材料制备中的研究进展

介绍了近年来嵌段共聚物及其在制备有序孔材料中的应用与发展。综述了嵌段共聚物的结构特点、制备方法、自组装机理及利用嵌段共聚物自组装和利用嵌段共聚物作为模板剂制备有序介孔材料,指出了嵌段共聚物在制备有序介孔材料应用中的优点、社会价值和需要解决的问题。     

有序介孔有机硅杂化材料的制备研究

分别采用两种不同的模板剂在不同的酸碱条件下成功地制备出有序介孔有机硅杂化材料,通过X射线衍射图谱、热失重分析和透射电子显微镜对制备的材料进行了表征,结果表明以嵌段共聚物和阳离子表面活性剂为模板剂均能成功制备出有序的介孔材料,而且所制得的材料具有优良的热稳定性,不同的有机官能团的引入大大地丰富了介孔材料的种类和用途.     

有序介孔碳材料的制备研究及应用

有序介孔碳材料具有比表面积高、介观结构丰富、孔径均一可调等特点,在催化剂及催化剂载体、传感器和燃料电池等领域应用广泛。而模板法则是合成有序介孔碳材料的重要手段,其中硬模板法和软模板法各具特点。分别阐述了硬模板法和软模板法制备介孔碳材料的合成路线,并介绍了介孔碳材料在相关方面的应用现状。     

A new type of anionic surfactant with four carboxylates for the preparation of mesoporous materials

In this paper, a new type of anionic surfactant containing four carboxylates was synthesized by a four-step synthetic reaction including bromination reaction and primary amide protective reaction. Intermediates and final products of each step in the whole synthetic process were characterized by ¹H NMR and MS. Purification of the anionic surfactant was accomplished through combination of recrystallization and silica gel column chromatography. The structure and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of this surfactant at different temperatures were also investigated. Unlike traditional mono-carboxylate surfactant easy to form lamellar mesostructure, this surfactant has the hexagonal mesophase structure and comparatively low CMC, hopefully to be applied in the preparation of mesoporous metal oxides.     

A two-step sol-gel method for synthesis of nanoporous TiO2

This article reports a study of the effects of synthesis parameters on the preparation and formation of mesoporous titania nanopowders by employing a two-step sol-gel method. These materials displayed crystalline domains characteristic of anatase. The first step of the process involved the hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide in a basic aqueous solution mediated by neutral surfactant. The solid product obtained from step 1 was then treated in an acidified ethanol solution containing the same titanium precursor to thicken the pore walls. Low pH and higher loading of the Ti precursor in step 2 produced better mesoporosity and crystallinity of titanium dioxide polymorphs. The resultant powder exhibited a high surface area (73.8 m2/g) and large pore volume (0.17 cm3/g) with uniform mesopores. These materials are envisaged to be used as precursors for mesoporous titania films as a wide band gap semiconductor in dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 solar cells.     

模板法制备介孔TiO2光催化剂的研究进展

介绍了各样模板及相关介孔制备体系,包含表面活性剂模板制备,非表面活性剂模板制备,其它模板制备及非模板制备。结果显示介孔结构可以很好的提高纳米TiO2的光催化活性,虽然在少数例子中介孔结构对光催化活性产生的影响很小或是没有影响。重点论述了上述研究方法的原理、优缺点和在改变TiO2性能中的应用,以及这些方法相结合所取得的一些研究进展;并指出这些方法在TiO2光催化剂的研究中发挥的重要作用。     

Facile Fabrication of Monodisperse Micron-Sized Dual Janus Silica Particles with Asymmetric Morphology and Chemical Environment

Janus particles are a kind of materials with asymmetric morphology or surface chemical environment. But so far, the preparation of particles with dual asymmetry is still a challenging problem. Hence the cation surfactant hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and co-surfactant octadecylamine are applied to improve the Pickering emulsion stability, and the micron-sized silica particles are arranged in a single layer at the toluene–water interface through electrostatic interaction. Furthermore, organosilane reagents are added in the preparation process, resulting in the construction of asymmetric hydrophilic or hydrophobic mesoporous precisely onto the micron-sized silica particles surface. The cation surfactant-assisted Pickering emulsion method is simple, effective, and convenience, which can be applied in the synthesis of various dual Janus silica particles for specific applications.     

The effect of carbon precursor on the pore size distribution of mesoporous carbon during templating synthesis process

The starch and cyclodextrin were selected as the precursors and the mixture of surfactant and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as template to prepare mesoporous carbon. The result showed that a bimodal pore size distribution in mesoporous carbon derived from starch appeared; one was around 3.4 nm and the other ranged from 3.8 to 16.2 nm. However, there existed a concentrated pore size distribution from 3.2 to 4.2 nm in mesoporous carbon derived from cyclodextrin. The different molecular structure of starch and cyclodextrin and their polymerization process in the presence of sulfur acid were responsible for the resulted mesoporous carbon structure; the starch could polymerize by head to head or side by side, but the cycleodextrin was only polymerized by head to head.     

One pot synthesis of mesostructured non-silica oxides nanocrystallites

Some typical worm-like mesoporous non-silica oxides, titania, zirconia, and dopants-incorporated zirconia oxides, with homogeneous nanocrystalline framework and narrow pore-size distribution have been synthesized via a facile process templated from composite surfactant of a long chain poly block copolymer combined with non-ionic alkyl-PEO surfactant (Brij56) under the hydrothermal condition. Bi- or even multi-component zirconia-based composites with further addition of other oxide compositions can also be obtained with well-defined mesoporous structure and nanocrystalline framework. These mesostructured oxides/composite oxides show high surface area, well-crystallization framework, and high thermal stability. XRD, nitrogen adsorption analysis, TEM, and EDX were used for the structural characterizations. The use of non-ionic block-copolymer surfactant is believed to be responsible for the crystallization of mesoporous framework and high thermal stability at high temperature without structural collapse.     

N掺杂介孔TiO_2纳米粉体的制备

以聚乙二醇400为表面活性剂、二乙醇胺为抑制剂,采用蒸发诱导自组装法(EISA)制备了介孔TiO2纳米粉体,并利用尿素为掺杂剂通过固相反应制备出高活性N掺杂介孔TiO2纳米粉体.利用XRD、FE-SEM、TG-DSC等方法对粉体的物相和形貌进行分析表征.结果表明,合成的粉体尺寸分布均匀、纯度高、具有均匀分布的介孔网状结构;N掺杂使介孔TiO2纳米粉体的UV-Vis光吸收曲线产生红移.     

An inexpensive route to prepare mesoporous hollow silica microspheres using W/O ethanol/edible soybean oil macroemulsion as the template

Mesoporous hollow silica microspheres were prepared by using W/O emulsion consisting of ethanol droplets as a template in edible soybean oil. Ethanol droplets containing ammonia solution were generated by employing ultrasonication in pure soybean oil. The droplets were colloidally stabilized by means of a cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Later on, another proportion of soybean oil dissolving tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was added to the W/O emulsion. The sol-gel reaction of TEOS was achieved only at the interface of the emulsion droplets, resulting in hollow silica microspheres. After washing the resultant with acetone, mesoporous hollow silica microspheres were simply obtained. Throughout this liquid template-based process, mesoporous hollow silica microspheres can be inexpensively synthesized without employing solid templates.     

Preparation of ordered 2-D hexagonal mesoporous silica with ultra thick pore walls using a novel nonionic organosilicon surfactant

Mesoporous silica was synthesized by modified nonionic organosilicon surfactant under acidic condition for the first time. The XRD patterns, HRTEM image and corresponding BET characterization show that it has ordered 2-D hexagonal pore channel and ultra thick pore wall (about 6 nm). The calcination can result in the vanishment of organic composite and the linkage of the hydrolyzed silica source and the hydrophobic chain (polymethylsiloxane) of the silica-based template. Hence this recombination process tremendously enhances the pore wall of the resulting mesoporous material and causes a certain amount of micropores in the wall. The resulted mesoporous material has high hydrothermal stability due to its ultra thick pore wall and hydrophobic surface.     

Extension of the Stöber Method to Construct Mesoporous SiO2 and TiO2 Shells for Uniform Multifunctional Core–Shell Structures

Core–shell nanoparticles (CSNs) have attracted considerable attention because of their promising applications in a wide range of fields. Recently, substantial efforts have been focused on the development of facile and versatile methods for preparing CSNs with mesoporous SiO₂ or TiO₂ shells because of their fascinating properties, such as high surface area, large pore channels and high pore volume. This Research News reviews the recent progress in facile, versatile and reproducible approaches which are simply extended from the well‐known Stöber method to construct mesoporous SiO₂ and TiO₂ shells for uniform multifunctional core–shell nanostructures. Several strategies, including the surfactant‐templating process, the long‐chain organosilane‐assisted approach, the phase transfer assisted surfactant‐templating process, and the kinetics‐controlled coating approach, are discussed. In addition, new trends in this field for the creation of multifunctional CSNs and novel nanostructures are highlighted.