Ti扩散势垒对Al／Si／Pd与n—GaAs欧姆接触热稳定性的影响

利用电子束蒸发依次将Pd,Si和Al淀积在掺杂浓度为2×10~(13)cm~(-3)的n型GaAs上,可以得到非合金、低阻的欧姆接触。比接触电阻率约为5×10~(-6)·cm~2。但经过高温(410℃),长时间热退火后,样品的表面会出现明显不平整,比接触电阻率会明显增加,在Al和Si/Pd之间加入一层Ti作为扩散势垒会使欧姆接触的热稳定性变好。但只有在Al和Ti之间的反应没有完全耗尽Ti时,扩散势垒才起作用。     

用于制备FET的磷化铟汽相外延

磷化铟汽相外延已用于沉积制备 FET 所需的亚微米多层结构。该结构是沉积在绝缘掺铁衬底上,由缓冲层、表面沟道层和 n~(++)接触层组成。缓冲层之 N_d-N_d<10~(14)cm~(-3)、μ_(77°K)>50,000cm~2/v·s。表面沟道层掺硫,其厚度为0.3～0.5μm,载流子浓度控制在8×10~(16)cm~(-3)到2×10~(17)cm~(-3),相应的298°K 电子迁移率为3900cm~2/v·s 和3000cm~2/v·s,并且没有观察到性能随沟道层的减薄而退化的现象。由于材料具有极好的横向均匀性,从而用实验证明了生长 n~(++)层能使接触电阻减少以及采用隐埋沟道能引起栅的改善。发展了用于测量载流子浓度分布的金属-氧化物-半导体技术,当FET 的沟道掺杂浓度为2×10~(17)cm~(-3)时,用这种技术能提供6000(?)的耗尽。     

注Z_n~+-GaAs的激光退火及GaAs欧姆接触的激光合金化

本文研究了激光退火使离子注Zn的GaAs层获得高的表面浓度作P~+层.所用的调Q红宝石激光器能量密度1～1.5J/cm~2、脉宽20ns.霍尔测量得到的表面空穴浓度达3.3 × 10~(19)-8.7 ×10~(20)/cm~3,红外等离子共振极小测量结果与之相符.电子衍射实验观察到注入无定形层经激光退火后再结晶的单晶衍射花样. 另外,也报道了用激光合金化在N型和P型体GaAs材料上制备欧姆接触的结果,所得到的比接触电阻比通常热合金化的比接触电阻略低,其表面形貌也比热合金化的好.     

激光二极管的欧姆接触

讨论了激光二极管对欧姆接触的要求和肖特基势垒隧道接触的特性,介绍了激光二极管接触电阻的测量过程。在测量时,不需要专门制作样品,也无需制作特殊接触图案。测量并计算了三种不同表面杂质浓度上Ti/PtAu的接触电阻。发现,p型载流子浓度低于1×10~(19)cm~(-2),接触电阻太高以至不能得到好的器件性能;对高的p型掺杂浓度,比接触电阻可以很低(2×10~(-6)Ω·cm~2)。显然,这些接触满足低电阻和长期使用的要求,同时也不会导致明显的材料退化。     

P~+-n~+隧道结的比接触电阻

本文根据Kane的直接隧穿理论,结合欧姆接触的特点,导出了p~+-n~+隧道结比接触电阻的计算公式.此式适用于直接能隙半导体,也适用于Si.在N_D+5×10~(20)cm~(-3)的磷浓度下,对一系列N_A值,按此式计算了Al/n~+-Si的比接触电阻R_(co)结果与Finetti等的测量值在数量级上完全一致.证明AL/n~+-Si的R_c基本上由其中的p~+-n~+结决定,因而与合金工艺有密切关系.     

P-InP欧姆接触的Nd-YAG激光合金化

本文报道用 Nd-YAG脉冲激光辐照代替热合金化制备了性能良好的 P-InP/AuSb +AuZn + Au欧姆接触.利用激光合金所获得的接触电阻率8.6× 10~(-5)~Ω·cm~2优于另一部分样品热合金化的值1.6 ×10~(-4)Ω·cm~2.其表面形貌也比热合金化的好,俄歇电子能谱分析发现在界面附近明显形成了Zn的分布峰,使电子隧穿势垒的几率增大.     

采用滴水氧化和三氯乙烯处理方法制备优质厚二氧化硅层

本文叙述了滴水氧化加三氯乙烯处理方法及测量结果。所制备的厚为4000埃的氧化层中氧化层净电荷密度接近或低于1×10~(10)个/cm~2,界面态密度在3×10~(10)个/cm~2.ev左右;可动电荷数低于2×10~(10)个/cm~2。采用本方法基本上抑制了氧化感生堆垜层错的形成。     

AuCr-p型GaAs欧姆接触电阻的研究

本文叙述AuCr-p型GaAs欧姆接触电阻与合金温度的关系.指出在N_2保护下,经415～430℃的温度合金30～40秒,可获得接触电阻最小值.这一合金条件的平均接触电阻率为1.7×10~(-7)Ω·cm~2,最佳可低达1.3×10~(-8)Ω·cm~2.本文还探讨了Cr-p型GaAs在不同合金温度下的欧姆接触机理.     

世界固体电子新闻

<正> 休斯研究所报导了低噪声0.1μm栅长GaAs MESFET的实验结果。该器件是用MBE技术在半绝缘GaAs衬底上连续生长不掺杂AlGaAs p~-缓冲层和GaAs p~-缓冲层,6×10~(18)cm~(-8)有源层,5×10~(16)cm~(-3)势垒层以及6×10~(18)cm~(-3)接触层。其优点是:器件有效电长度缩短,寄生电容减小,栅极对沟道电荷控制增强,势垒高度提高,栅极漏电降低,而大带隙的AlGaAs层加强了对载流的制约。制得的FET性能为:最大跨导g_m=600mS/mm,输出电导g_o=30mS/mm,电压增益(g_m/g_o)=20,据称,是迄今GaAs MESFET和GaAs/AlGaAs MODFET(0.3μm栅)所报导的最好结果。电流增益截止频率f_T超过65GHz,最高80GH;     

分子束外延砷化镓单晶薄膜

MBE GaAs单晶薄膜的载流子浓度(1.8-8)×10~(16)cm~(-3),室温迁移率 3000-5000cm~2/V.3最高达5466cm~2/V.s,相应的77K迁移率为1.59 ×10~4cm~2/V.s.对高杂质浓度的外延层进行了阴极荧光(4.2K) 和SIMS 测量分析.     

Performance improvement in tensile-strained In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As metamorphic HEMT

This paper proposes a In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/In/sub 0.5/Al/sub 0.5/As (x=0.3-0.5-0.3) metamorphic high-electron mobility transistor with tensile-strained channel. The tensile-strained channel structure exhibits significant improvements in dc and RF characteristics, including extrinsic transconductance, current driving capability, thermal stability, unity-gain cutoff frequency, maximum oscillation frequency, output power, power gain, and power added efficiency.     

Morphological and electrical characterization of SixCryCzBv thin films

Si_xCr_yC_zB_v thin films with several compositions have been studied for integration of high precision resistors in 0.8 μm BICMOS technology. These resistors, integrated in the back-end of line, have the advantage to provide high level of integration and attractive electrical behavior in temperature, for analog devices. The film morphology and the structure have been investigated through transmission electron microscopy analysis and have been then related to the electrical properties on the base of the percolation theory. According to this theory, and in agreement with experimental results, negative thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR) has been obtained for samples with low Cr content, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold.Samples with higher Cr content exhibit, instead, a variation of the TCR as a function of film thickness: negative TCR values are obtained for thickness lower than 5 nm, corresponding to a crystalline volume fraction below the percolation threshold; positive TCR are obtained for larger thickness, indicating the establishment of a continuous conductive path between the Cr rich grains. This property seems to be determinant in order to assure the possibility to obtain thin film resistors almost independent on the temperature.     

Comparison between Pt/TiO2/Pt and Pt/TaOX/TaOY/Pt based bipolar resistive switching devices

Nonvolatile memories have emerged in recent years and have become a leading candidate towards replacing dynamic and static random-access memory devices. In this article, the performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ nonvolatile memristive devices were compared and the factors that make TaO₂ memristive devices better than TiO₂ memristive devices were studied. TaO₂ memristive devices have shown better endurance performances (10⁸ times more switching cycles) and faster switching speed (5 times) than TiO₂ memristive devices. Electroforming of TaO₂ memristive devices requires~4.5 times less energy than TiO₂ memristive devices of a similar size. The retention period of TaO₂ memristive devices is expected to exceed 10 years with sufficient experimental evidence. In addition to comparing device performances, this article also explains the differences in physical device structure, switching mechanism, and resistance switching performances of TiO₂ and TaO₂ memristive devices. This article summarizes the reasons that give TaO₂ memristive devices the advantage over TiO₂ memristive devices, in terms of electroformation, switching speed, and endurance.     

The C-V-f and G/ω-V-f characteristics of Al/SiO2/p-Si (MIS) structures

The frequency dependence of capacitance-voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/ω-V) characteristics of the Al/SiO₂/p-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures has been investigated taking into account the effect of the series resistance (R_s) and interface states (N_ss) at room temperature. The C-V and G/ω-V measurements have been carried out in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The frequency dispersion in capacitance and conductance can be interpreted only in terms of interface states and series resistance. The N_ss can follow the ac signal and yield an excess capacitance especially at low frequencies. In low frequencies, the values of measured C and G/ω decrease in depletion and accumulation regions with increasing frequencies due to a continuous density distribution of interface states. The C-V plots exhibit anomalous peaks due to the N_ss and R_s effect. It has been experimentally determined that the peak positions in the C-V plot shift towards lower voltages and the peak value of the capacitance decreases with increasing frequency. The effect of series resistance on the capacitance is found appreciable at higher frequencies due to the interface state capacitance decreasing with increasing frequency. In addition, the high-frequency capacitance (C_m) and conductance (G_m/ω) values measured under both reverse and forward bias were corrected for the effect of series resistance to obtain the real diode capacitance. Experimental results show that the locations of N_ss and R_s have a significant effect on electrical characteristics of MIS structures.     

Very low-noise Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/Ga/sub 0.65/In/sub 0.35/As/GaAs single quantum-well pseudomorphic HEMTs

AlGaAs/GaInAs/GaAs pseudomorphic HEMTs with an InAs mole fraction as high as 35% in the channel has been successfully fabricated. The device exhibits a maximum extrinsic transconductance of 700 mS/mm. At 18 GHz, a minimum noise figure of 0.55 dB with 15.0 dB associated gain was measured. At 60 GHz, a minimum noise figure as low as 1.6 dB with 7.6 dB associated gain was also obtained. This is the best noise performance yet reported for GaAs-based HEMTs.<>     

A 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode array

We report a 12 /spl times/ 12 In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As-In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As avalanche photodiode (APD) array. The mean breakdown voltage of the APD was 57.9 V and the standard deviation was less than 0.1 V. The mean dark current was /spl sim/2 and /spl sim/300 nA, and the standard deviation was /spl sim/0.19 and /spl sim/60 nA at unity gain (V/sub bias/ = 13.5 V) and at 90% of the breakdown voltage, respectively. External quantum efficiency was above 40% in the wavelength range from 1.0 to 1.6 /spl mu/m. It was /spl sim/57% and /spl sim/45% at 1.3 and 1.55 /spl mu/m, respectively. A bandwidth of 13 GHz was achieved at low gain.     

Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's)

The properties of both lattice-matched and strained doped-channel field-effect transistors (DCFET's) have been investigated in AlGaAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As (0/spl les/x/spl les/0.25) heterostructures with various indium mole fractions. Through electrical characterization of grown layers in conjunction with the dc and microwave device characteristics, we observed that the introduction of a 150-/spl Aring/ thick strained In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/As channel can enhance device performance, compared to the lattice-matched one. However, a degradation of device performance was observed for larger indium mole fractions, up to x=0.25, which is associated with strain relaxation in this highly strained channel. DCFET's also preserved a more reliable performance after biased-stress testings.<>     

Lanthanum diffusion in the TiN/LaOx/HfSiO/SiO2/Si stack

Band edge Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) devices are obtained by insertion of a thin LaO_x layer between the high-k (HfSiO) and metal gate (TiN). High temperature post deposition anneal induces Lanthanum diffusion across the HfSiO towards the SiO₂ interfacial layer, as shown by Time of Flight Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and Atom Probe Tomography (APT). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Attenuated Total Reflexion mode (ATR-FTIR) shows the formation of La-O-Si bonds at the high-k/SiO₂ interface. Soft X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (S-XPS) is performed after partial removal of the TiN gate. Results confirm La diffusion and changes in the La chemical environment.     

Highly linear Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMTs

We report an Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/N-Al/sub 0.05/Ga/sub 0.95/N-GaN composite-channel HEMT with enhanced linearity. By engineering the channel region, i.e., inserting a 6-nm-thick AlGaN layer with 5% Al composition in the channel region, a composite-channel HEMT was demonstrated. Transconductance and cutoff frequencies of a 1 /spl times/100 /spl mu/m HEMT are kept near their peak values throughout the low- and high-current operating levels, a desirable feature for linear power amplifiers. The composite-channel HEMT exhibits a peak transconductance of 150 mS/mm, a peak current gain cutoff frequency (f/sub T/) of 12 GHz and a peak power gain cutoff frequency (f/sub max/) of 30 GHz. For devices grown on sapphire substrate, maximum power density of 3.38 W/mm, power-added efficiency of 45% are obtained at 2 GHz. The output third-order intercept point (OIP3) is 33.2 dBm from two-tone measurement at 2 GHz.