Sound absorption property of open-pore aluminum foams

This paper presents a study on sound absorption property of aluminum foam by evaluating its sound absorption coefficients using standing wave tube method. Experimental results showed that the average values of sound absorption coefficients (over the test frequency range) are all above 0.4, which indicate very good sound absorption property of the aluminum foams. The sound absorption coefficient is affected by frequency and pore structure, and reaches its maximum value at around 1 000 Hz. With the increase of porosity and decrease of cell diameter, the sound absorption coefficient values increase.     

泡沫铝吸声性能的研究

本文通过测试泡沫铝的吸声系数来研究泡沫铝的吸声性能。结果表明，泡沫铝具有较好的吸收性能，其吸声系数对于频率很敏感，大约在1000Hz时吸声系数出现一个峰值。吸声系数随孔结构的变化有一定的规律性。     

Ti40合金热压缩变形过程的开裂行为研究

用渗流铸造法制备了3种特殊孔结构(宽孔径范围孔结构、层状梯度孔结构、层状周期孔结构)的Al-Si12泡沫,对其吸声性能进行了研究.结果表明,相同厚度下,层数多的层状梯度孔径结构泡沫铝的吸声性能优于层数少的梯度孔径结构泡沫铝;层数多的层状周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能比层数少的周期孔结构泡沫铝的吸声性能略有提高;具有4层周期孔结构的Al-Si12泡沫铝样品具有较好的吸声性能,其平均吸声系数为0.82,比常规单一孔径结构的泡沫铝的平均吸声系数提高了0.21,其原因与扩张室结构、流阻及微型谐振腔有关.     

Sound absorption of several various nickel foam multilayer structures at aural frequencies sensitive for human ears

Using the three-dimensional reticular nickel foam as experimental material, the sound absorption performance was investigated for several various multilayer structures in the frequency range of 2000–4000 Hz, which is aurally sensitive for human ears. The results showed that the 7.5 mm-thick foam sample, which was formed by piling of 5-layer foam plate (thickness: 1.5 mm; porosity: 96%; average pore-diameter: 0.65 mm) could exhibit an excellent sound absorption effect at 4000 Hz, with the absorption coefficient about 0.8. Constituting alternate air gap with the total thickness of about 18.5 mm can greatly improve the absorption performance at relatively low frequencies of 2000–3150 Hz, with the absorption coefficient up to about 0.5 or more. In addition, the research showed that alternate piling up the perforated plate inside the foam plates can also achieve a quite good effect of sound absorption at relatively low frequencies.     

Sound absorption performance of various nickel foam-base multi-layer structures in range of low frequency

Commercial 3D reticular nickel foam and its composite structure were investigated on the sound absorption at 200-2000 Hz. The absorption performance of foam plates 1-5 layers (1-layer thickness: 2.3 mm; porosity: 89%; average pore-diameter: 0.57 mm) was found to be poor, and could be improved by adding backed cavum or front perforated thin sheet. The absorption coefficient could reach about 0.4 at 1000-1600 Hz for the composite structure of 5-layer foam with a backed 5 mm-thick cavum, and even 0.68 at about 1000 Hz for that of 2-layer foam with the same cavum and a perforated plate closely in front of the foam.     

铝纤维复合板结构参数对吸声性能的影响规律

利用吸声材料降噪是治理变电站噪声污染的重要途径。以铝纤维、铝箔、铝板网为原料,采用冷轧法制备具有不同结构参数的铝纤维复合吸声板,采用阻抗管的标准测试方法检测铝纤维复合板吸声系数,研究材料的纤维板面密度、空腔厚度、纤维种类等参数对材料吸声性能的影响。结果表明:试验采用的铝纤维复合板具有优异的吸声性能,采用切削法纤维及面密度为484 g/m2的铝纤维复合板吸声性能最好;随空腔厚度的增大,吸声系数的峰值向低频段移动。     

组合形式对打孔闭孔泡沫铝板吸声效果的影响

将不同打孔率、厚度、打孔方式的闭孔泡沫铝板与玻璃棉进行组合,使用驻波管吸声测试仪进行吸声系数测试,研究组合形式对闭孔泡沫铝板吸声效果的影响。结果表明,通过对吸声峰值、降噪系数、半峰宽值的计算和比较可以看出,吸声峰值在低频的试样在前、峰值在高频的试样在后的组合形式有利于吸声,出现两个吸声峰,降噪系数和半峰宽值也都大大提高;打孔闭孔泡沫铝板与玻璃棉的组合使峰值略有提高,但性能总体的改变不大,而玻璃棉本身易造成环境污染,因此,该种组合不适于在吸声领域应用。     

多孔CoCrNi中熵合金的制备和吸能特性分析

本文采用粉末烧结-溶解法成功制备了孔隙率为63%~78%,孔径1.3~2.2mm的多孔CoCrNi中熵合金,借助SEM和XRD对试样的孔形貌和物相组成进行分析,并对试样进行轴向准静态压缩实验研究。结果表明：多孔CoCrNi中熵合金的弹性模量和屈服平台应力均随孔隙率、孔径的增大而减小;相对孔隙率而言,孔径对力学性能的影响程度较低;不同孔隙率的多孔CoCrNi中熵合金其致密应变下单位体积的能量吸收值为34.8~14.3MJ/m₃^,约为泡沫铝的3.8倍,且5种孔隙率的理想吸能效率(I)都接近0.8,说明该多孔CoCrNi中熵合金有潜力成为一种理想的吸能材料。     

胞状AlCu5Mn合金泡沫的压缩性能和能量吸收特性

用熔体发泡法制备孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%、孔结构均匀的胞状铝合金(AlCu5Mn),研究其孔结构、压缩性能、能量吸收能力、能量吸收效率和吸能性能.结果表明:胞状铝合金孔结构由高孔隙率(88.8%)时的大孔径、多边形孔向低孔隙率(62.5%)时的小孔径、球形孔孔结构过渡,其压缩应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线具有线性变形阶段、屈服平台阶段和致密化阶段三个部分,由线性变形阶段进入屈服平台阶段所对应的ε_s值介于2%～9%之间;屈服强度σ_s~*随着孔隙率的增大而下降,在孔隙率相同的条件下,胞状铝合金的力学性能优于胞状铝和多孔铝合金,其比刚度高于钢;当应变为定值时,胞状铝合金单位体积和单位质量的压缩吸能能力(C和C_m)都随着孔隙率的升高而降低,但是孔隙率在73.5%～82.1%范围内时,其C_m与ε的关系几乎不随孔隙率的改变而改变;对于孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%的胞状铝合金,它们的吸能效率的峰值都大于80%.胞状铝合金的C-σ和C_m-σ关系可以表征其吸能性能,从而可以根据实际工况选择作为减振吸能材料的胞状铝合金的最佳孔结构.     

穿孔法改进泡沫铝的吸声性能

利用熔体发泡技术制备不同孔径和气孔率的泡沫铝,对不同气孔率的原始状态泡沫铝以及孔径为1.1 mm的穿孔泡沫铝的吸声性能进行研究。结果表明:未设置背腔时,原始状态泡沫铝的吸声性能不高,设置背腔后,由于泡沫铝中所含通透结构的作用,泡沫铝的吸声性能明显提高;穿孔泡沫铝的穿孔率在0.5%～1.0%范围,设置60～80 mm背腔时可使降噪系数超过0.42,比原始状态泡沫铝不设置背腔时的降噪系数高2倍左右;穿孔泡沫铝设置背腔后的吸声特性符合Helmholtz共振吸声的规律,但受到穿孔结构、泡沫铝原本存在的缺陷组成的通透结构和气泡孔在穿孔过程中被打开的小开口等因素的影响。     

不锈钢纤维多孔材料的吸声性能

采用不锈钢纤维为原料制备不同孔隙性能的纤维多孔材料，采用驻波管法检测该纤维多孔材料的空气声吸收系数，研究材料的孔隙度、纤维直径以及材料厚度等参数对吸声性能的影响，同时研究在材料背后设置空气层以及空气层厚度对材料吸声性能的影响关系。结果表明：实验采用的不锈钢纤维多孔材料具有较好的吸声性能，材料的孔隙度越高、厚度越大、纤维越细，材料的吸声性能越好，在材料背后设置空气层可显著改善其低频吸声性能，材料背后的空气层厚度越大，材料的低频吸声性能越好。     

泡沫铝性能及制备技术

泡沫铝是一种多功能多用途的新型材料,是一种由金属基体(铝)和气孔组成的复合材料,由于它具有许多普通铝及铝合金材料所没有的优秀性能,因此得到了愈来愈多的关注和研究兴趣。它的主要特性是:良好的动能吸收能力,很强的散热阻然能力,高的隔声阻燃特性,一定的电磁屏蔽特性。本文对泡沫铝的各项性能、制备工艺、主要应用领域特别是在交通运输装备中的应用作了较为全面的介绍。当前,妨碍泡沫铝大规模应用的主要障碍是其价格高。     

二氧化硅气凝胶及其复合材料吸声性能的研究进展

制备出良好的具有高孔隙率的吸声材料对于噪声的控制至关重要。二氧化硅气凝胶凭借其高孔隙率和高声阻抗近年来越来越受关注,将其与传统吸声材料相复合可显著结合两者的吸声优势,对于噪声的消除具有很重要的意义。介绍了吸声性能的概念、吸声结构、机理以及测量表征方法,深入探究了空气流阻、密度、厚度、孔隙率、孔径、杨氏模量以及颗粒大小对气凝胶吸声性能的影响规律,详细综述了二氧化硅气凝胶与有机物、有机物/无机矿物以及非织造布复合材料吸声性能的研究进展,最后展望了目前面临的挑战和未来的发展方向。     

Fabrication and compressive behavior of open-cell aluminum foams via infiltration casting using spherical CaCl2 space-holders

The infiltration casting fabrication process based on spherical CaCl₂ space-holders and the compressive behavior including the mechanical performance and energy absorption capacity of open-cell aluminum foams were investigated.Open-cell aluminum foams with different porosities in the range of 63.1%to 87.3%can be fabricated by adjusting compression ratios of CaCl₂ preforms prepared by precision hot-pressing.The compression tests show that a strain-hardening phenomenon always occurs especially for open-cell aluminum foam with low porosity,resulting in the inclining stress-strain curve in the plateau region.The energy absorption capacity of open-cell aluminum foam decreases with increasing porosity when compared at the same strain.However,when compared at a given stress,each foam can absorb the maximal energy among the five foams in a special stress range.Additionally,open-cell aluminum foam possesses the maximum energy absorption efficiency at its optimum operating stress.At this stress condition,the foam can absorb the highest energy compared with other foams at the same stress point.The optimum operating stress and the corresponding maximal energy absorption decrease with increasing the porosity.The optimum operating stress for energy absorption can also be determined similarly when taking into consideration of the lightweight extent of foams.     

Sound insulation property of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam bare board material

Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam bare boards of 1 240 mm×1 100 mm with different densities and thicknesses wereprepared by molten body transitional foaming process.The sound reduction index(R)of Al-Si closed-cell aluminum foam bareboards was investigated experimentally under different frequencies(100-4 000 Hz).It is found that sound reduction index(R)issmall under low frequencies,large under high frequencies and is controlled by different mechanisms.The sound insulation propertybasically conforms with the monolayer board sound insulation theory.The sound reduction index(R)increases with the even growthof thickness and density,but its rising trend is tempered.The single number sound reduction indexes(RW)of specimen with thicknessof 20 cm and density of 0.51 g/cm3are 30.8 dB and 33 dB respectively,which demonstrates good sound insulation property forlightmass materials.     

温度对PCM法制备大尺寸泡沫铝的影响

在对静态PCM法制备泡沫铝的研究基础上,设计出动态制备大尺寸泡沫铝的实验装置,通过调整温度来控制预制体的发泡。研究了两种不同牵引速度（0.496 mm/s、0.687 mm/s）下预制体的发泡过程,研究发现：所得大尺寸泡沫铝孔结构质量（通过孔隙率、当量圆直径来衡量）随着发泡温度升高而提高,当温度超过800℃（v=0.496 mm/s）、820℃（v=0.687 mm/s）时,泡沫铝孔结构质量反而会下降。同时对其影响机理进行了分析。当牵引速度为0.496 mm/s时,发泡温度在780℃～800℃时,可以获得孔隙率在70%以上,孔径在2.75 mm左右,孔结构圆形度在0.68以上的大尺寸泡沫铝;当牵引速度为0.687 mm/s时,发泡温度在800℃～820℃时,可以获得孔隙率在65%～70%,孔径在2.5 mm左右,孔结构圆形度在0.67以上的大尺寸泡沫铝。     

超薄金属纤维复合膜材料的低频吸声性能

本文针对限域空间（≤5mm）噪声防护对超薄吸声结构的重大需求,以不锈钢纤维毡为原料,利用低温烧结技术制备了由不锈钢纤维多孔材料和金属薄膜组成的复合膜材料。利用B&K声学测试平台对复合膜材料进行频率范围在50~1000Hz之间吸声系数的测试,分析了结构参数对复合膜材料吸声性能的影响规律。结果表明,通过分别研究金属纤维多孔材料的孔结构（孔径、丝径、烧结结点）及金属薄膜的层数对复合膜材料吸声性能的影响规律,发现在频率为50~1000Hz的范围内,超薄复合膜材料的最优结构为金属纤维多孔材料按照细丝径、小孔面向声源,粗丝径、大孔在后的顺序排列,材料内部复合铜箔可有效提高材料在低频处的吸声性能。     

海绵铝的熔模铸造法制备及其压缩性能强化研究

针对熔模铸造制备的高孔隙率开孔泡沫铝(海绵铝),通过前驱体海绵孔棱增粗来提高海绵铝的相对密度,并研究孔棱尺寸对其压缩性能的影响。结果发现,采用水性聚氨酯树脂能有效增粗聚氨酯海绵孔棱,制备出孔棱厚度为0.472~0.918mm,相对密度为0.027~0.164的海绵铝。单向压缩试验结果表明,孔棱增粗显著提高了海绵铝的强度,当孔棱厚度为0.918mm时,其密实化平台应力最大,为2.831MPa,密实化吸能最大,达到1.492MJ/m³。这是由于孔棱厚度增加,相对密度提高,从而提高了海绵铝的能量吸收能力。     

Preparation of big size open-cell aluminum foam board using infiltration casting

This paper presents an infiltration casting technique for manufacturing big size open-cell aluminum foam boards. The principle and key technologies of infiltration casting are also analyzed. Based on the previous practice of the small size aluminum foam production, the die for preparing big size aluminum foam boards is designed and manufactured. The experiments on aluminum boards of 300 mm × 300 mm × （20-75） mm, with the pore size ranging from 1.0 to 3.2 mm and average porosity of 60%, have been performed. The experimental results show that a reliable infiltration process depends critically on the pouring temperature of the molten AI-alloy, the preheated temperature of the mould and salt particles and vacuum. Current research explores the possibility of large-scale manufacturing and application of the aluminum foams.     

穿孔板组合对电沉积泡沫镍吸声性能的影响

目前由穿孔板和多孔金属组成的多层吸声结构的吸声性能还没有充分的研究。本研究提出了一种由穿孔板和吸声材料进行多层穿插叠合的组合吸声结构,通过调整多孔金属吸声材料的叠合层厚度,改变穿孔板位置和数量的方法控制吸声效果。对测试结果与传递矩阵数学模型拟合计算的结果进行对比分析,从理论上探讨其吸声原理并比较其吸声性能的优劣。结果表明:用该方法可以极大提升泡沫镍材料的吸声效果,在这种组合结构中以加入三层穿孔板为最佳匹配,最佳匹配与传递矩阵模型公式的计算数据基本吻合。