酒石酸改性壳聚糖涂膜保鲜剂的制备与应用研究

涂膜保鲜是果蔬贮藏保鲜的一种重要方式。本文通过酒石酸对壳聚糖进行改性、复配,得到一种成膜性良好的壳聚糖水性涂膜保鲜剂。以草莓为保鲜对象,通过测定涂膜组和未涂膜组草莓在储藏期间的失重率、Vc含量、总酸含量的变化,研究了该保鲜剂的保鲜效果。结果表明:由质量分数为1.2%酒石酸和质量分数为1.5%壳聚糖改性复配的保鲜剂具有良好的保鲜效果。     

银条的壳聚糖复合涂膜保鲜效果研究

以甲壳素为原料制取了壳聚糖,并以壳聚糖作为主要成分研制了一种涂膜保鲜剂,研究了该涂膜保鲜剂用于银条的保鲜效果,考察了涂膜银条在贮藏过程中的硬度、腐烂度、表皮颜色、失重率、VC和还原糖含量等的变化。实验结果表明,壳聚糖涂膜保鲜剂用于银条的保鲜效果良好,延长了银条的贮藏期。     

不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖对黄瓜的保鲜研究

选用脱乙酰度不同的壳聚糖作保鲜剂,对黄瓜进行涂膜处理,室温下袋装贮藏,研究壳聚糖涂膜黄瓜的保鲜效果.在贮藏期间,对黄瓜的外观、失水率、叶绿素含量和维生素c含量进行测定.结果表明,壳聚糖的脱乙酰度越高,涂膜黄瓜的综合保鲜效果就越好,室温下贮藏可延长黄瓜的货架期.     

复合涂膜用于四季豆的保鲜研究

以壳聚糖为主剂,复配防腐剂尼泊金乙酯和成膜增塑剂单硬脂酸甘油酯,制备一种复合涂膜保鲜剂,并通过正交实验优化涂膜配方,在室温(25~30℃)下对四季豆进行涂膜处理。结果表明,选用2.0%的壳聚糖、1.0%的尼泊金乙酯和0.4%的单硬脂酸甘油酯复配而成的保鲜剂,对四季豆具有良好的保鲜效果。     

两种低分子量壳聚糖对草莓保鲜的研究

研究了在常温下,两种不同低分子质量的壳聚糖涂膜对草莓保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,相对分子质量为1万和2000的两种壳聚糖膜,质量浓度为1.5%,按配比1:1所制得保鲜剂对草莓有较好的保鲜效果,能使草莓的腐烂率显著降低,常温下可延长保鲜期2～3天。     

壳聚糖复合茶粉对广式豆沙月饼的保鲜研究

本文采用壳聚糖和茶粉为保鲜剂,以菌落总数、酸价(AV值)、过氧化值(POV值)作为月饼保鲜评价指标,研究月饼在常温保存时的品质变化规律。结果表明,经过壳聚糖涂膜和茶粉添加处理的广式豆沙月饼菌落总数、AV值、POV值均明显低于对照实验组。壳聚糖和茶粉对广式豆沙月饼的保鲜有协同增效作用,最佳保鲜效果的复配组合为:浓度为1. 5%相对分子质量为4 k Da的壳聚糖与浓度为2. 0%相对分子质量为200 kDa壳聚糖的混合配比分别为45%、55%,茶粉添加量为3. 5%。     

壳聚糖复合物在水果保鲜中的应用研究进展

壳聚糖用作食品的保鲜剂具有良好的成膜性和强的抗菌保鲜防腐能力,再加上其来源广泛、天然、无毒副作用及涂膜保鲜简单易行等诸多优点,因而受到了国内外的广泛研究。本文综述了以壳聚糖为主要原料的壳聚糖复合物,如壳聚糖-有机酸复合物、壳聚糖-维生素C复合物、碘化复合物、壳聚糖-纳米材料复合物、壳聚糖-CaCl₂-乳清蛋白-柠檬酸复合物、钙复合巯基化壳聚糖复合物、壳聚糖稀土复合物在水果防腐保鲜方面的应用,并对壳聚糖复合物的保鲜前景进行了展望。     

壳聚糖复合涂膜对荔枝保鲜效果的研究

以壳聚糖为成膜保鲜剂、复配防腐剂山梨酸钾和抗氧化剂抗坏血酸,制成了一种荔枝复合涂膜保鲜剂,考察了其在室温(30~35℃)和低温[(6±1)℃]下对荔枝的保鲜效果。结果表明,与对照相比,无论是室温还是低温贮藏,经由1.0%壳聚糖、0.5%山梨酸钾和1.0%抗坏血酸组成的复合涂膜处理,可以显著抑制荔枝发生褐变,明显降低荔枝果实的失重率,减少可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C等营养物质的消耗,提高了荔枝的好果率,在室温下可使荔枝在6d内保持100%的好果率,而对照在第2d就只有90%的好果率;低温贮藏20d,对照的好果率仅为20%,而处理组的好果率为100%,低温贮藏30d,处理组的好果率仍高达90%。     

壳聚糖/纳米TiO2复合膜最佳配比的研究及其在鲤鱼保鲜中的应用

透水量的大小可以作为壳聚糖/纳米Ti O2复合膜保鲜效果好坏的标准。以透水量为目标函数,对壳聚糖用量、Ti O2用量和甘油用量进行L9(3)3三因素三水平的正交实验,实验结果表明:每100g复合膜溶液中壳聚糖2.0g,纳米Ti O20.03g,甘油2.5g,壳聚糖复合涂膜的透水量达到最低,在此含量下,将其应用于鲤鱼的保鲜,并对挥发性盐基氮、微生物指标、感官指标等进行测定,复合膜可以达到较好的保鲜效果。     

甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳涂膜的制备及对水果的保鲜

以甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳和壳聚糖的冰乙酸溶液为原料,以甘油、阿拉伯胶水溶液为增稠剂,制成甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳涂膜（简称涂膜）。以涂膜拉伸强度为指标,通过单因素实验和响应面实验得到最优配方,即壳聚糖溶液质量浓度为10 g/L、阿拉伯胶水溶液质量浓度为150 g/L、壳聚糖溶液（10 mL）与阿拉伯胶水溶液的体积比1∶2、甘油1.8 mL、甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳1.2 mL,在该条件下制备的甜玉米芯多糖纳米乳涂膜拉伸强度为(92.37±2.07)k Pa。将涂膜用于千禧果、金钱橘、葡萄的保鲜处理,以水果的腐败率、失重率、颜色色差、多酚含量、可滴定酸含量、可溶性固形物含量为评价指标,测定其保鲜效果。结果表明,与未涂膜的水果相比,涂膜处理的水果营养指标与感官指标均有更好的结果。主成分分析结果表明,PC1和PC2的累积方差贡献率为92.354%,说明涂膜对水果保鲜有效。     

羧甲基甲壳素对猕猴桃、杨桃的保鲜性能

研究了水溶性甲壳素衍生物—羧甲基甲壳素(O6CMCH)对猕猴桃和杨桃的保鲜性能。结果表明,常温下,使用O6CMCH可使猕猴桃和杨桃的保鲜时间达5～12d。猕猴桃的最佳保鲜配方为:w(羧甲基甲壳素)=2%、w(甘油)=1%、w(对羟基苯甲酸甲酯)=1%;杨桃的最佳保鲜配方为:w(羧甲基甲壳素)=2%、w(单硬脂酸甘油酯)=1%、w(苯甲酸钠)=1%。扫描电镜分析表明,最佳配方上的差异与果实的表皮结构及涂膜的结构有关。     

油酸对壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜液流变及膜性能的影响

为了提高壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白膜的机械性能，将壳聚糖液与玉米醇溶蛋白液共混，向其中加入0%、15%、30%、45%（w/w）的油酸改性，研究膜液的粒径、zeta电位、静态和动态流变特性；然后，分析油酸添加量对膜阻隔性能，机械性能和相容性的影响。结果表明：添加油酸后，膜液体系粒径增大、分散均匀，添加30%油酸的膜液分散性更好，PDI为0.34，粒径为1307.5nm。随着油酸含量增大，膜液粘度减小，流动指数增大，弹性模量和粘性模量增加。OA-30膜机械性能较好，抗拉强度达到36.37MPa，断裂延伸率达到22.32%。膜的阻隔性增强，水蒸气、氧气透过率分别降低了44.21%和66.52%。复合膜中壳聚糖与玉米醇溶蛋白分子相容性好，表面光滑平整。综上所述，油酸改性改善了壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜性能。     

Electrophoretic Deposition Behavior of Chitosan Biopolymer as a Function of Solvent Type

The influence of three different solvents including lactic acid, formic acid, and acetic acid on the constant-voltage electrodeposition behavior of chitosan biopolymer was investigated. In this regard, charge density, viscosity, and some molecular parameters of chitosan solutions in aqueous acids were studied. The mechanism of chitosan film formation was investigated by fitting the current density–time experimental data to the Pierce and Miskovic film growth models. It was found that solvents have a significant influence on the molecular structure and electrodeposition behavior of chitosan. Using formic acid as the solvent caused the best electrophoretic mobility and resulted in a less porous film compared to acetic acid and lactic acid.     

Preparation and Characterization of High Mechanical Strength Chitosan/Oxidized Tannic Acid Composite Film with Schiff Base and Hydrogen Bond Crosslinking

Chitosan-based composite films with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and sustainability are extensively employed in the field of food packaging. In this study, novel chitosan/tannic acid (CTA) and chitosan/oxidized tannic acid (COTA) composite films with excellent mechanical and antibacterial properties were prepared using a tape casting method. The results showed that, when 20% tannic acid (TA) was added, the tensile strength of the CTA composite film was 80.7 MPa, which was 89.4% higher than that of the pure chitosan (CS) film. TA was oxidized to oxidized tannic acid (OTA) with laccase, and the phenolic hydroxyl groups were oxidized to an o-quinone structure. With the addition of OTA, a Schiff base reaction between the OTA and CS occurred, and a dual network structure consisting of a chemical bond and hydrogen bond was constructed, which further improved the mechanical properties. The tensile strength of 3% COTA composite film was increased by 97.2% compared to that of pure CS film. Furthermore, these CTA films with significant antibacterial effects against Escherichia coli (E. coli) are likely to find uses in food packaging applications.     

Study of chitosan and its derivatives as preservatives for field natural rubber latex

In this study, the chitosan and its derivatives were tested for their preservative activities for field natural rubber (NR) latex. A series of chitosans with different molecular weights were obtained by nitrous acid depolymerization. The chemically modified chitosans, N‐carboxymethyl chitosan (NCMCh), N‐sulfated chitosan (NSCh), and N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride (NHTACh), were prepared from high and low‐molecular weight chitosans. Preservative activities for field NR latex of these chitosans were investigated based on the measurement of volatile fatty acids (VFA) number of the treated latex. The preservative activities of chitosan increased with decreasing molecular weights. The low‐ molecular weight NSCh and NHTACh exhibited good preservative activity for the latex. By the use of low‐molecular weight NHTACh in combination with octylphenol poly (ethyleneglycolether) (Nonidet P40), the latex was successfully preserved for more than 1 month in the low‐ammonia condition. The results showed an attractive feature to develop the preservative system, which was possible to reduce the concentrations of ammonia and carcinogenic nitrosamine in the NR latex. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Chitosan biopolymer as an antimicrobial agent in automotive electrocoatings: The effect of solid content

One of the common additives in water base coating formulation is antibacterial agents. By increasing environmental restrictions about toxic additive and materials, using sustainable materials in coatings formulations is strongly recommended. This research work introduces chitosan biopolymer as a biocompatible antibacterial additive in cathodic electrodeposition bath. The effect of chitosan concentration in electrocoating formulation was studied. Chitosan solutions in different solid content were prepared in lactic acid and were added to formula. The electrodeposition process and final films were investigated by optical microscopy and Pierce film growth model. It was found that chitosan concentration has a significant influence on the chitosan solution structure in bath and final electrodeposited films. The results show that 0.125% v/w concentration has a suitable antibacterial activity and make acceptable electrodeposited film.     

壳聚糖基聚电解质复合膜的制备及性能

为了克服壳聚糖薄膜力学强度差和在体液内降解太快的缺陷, 首先用"一步法"合成了—COOH含量及疏水性可控的苹果酸与乳酸共聚物(PML), 再将共聚物与壳聚糖(CS)复合, 通过溶液浇铸-挥发的方法制备改性复合薄膜。通过红外(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)、力学性能测试、降解实验及体外细胞毒性实验等方法对复合膜进行分析, 研究L-苹果酸(MA)与D,L-乳酸(LA)的投料比(n_MA:n_LA)对复合膜性能的影响。结果显示:当n_MA:n_LA为1:1.5时, 该共聚物与CS的复合膜拉伸强度达到54.8MPa, 断裂伸长率为10.7%, 质量损失50%所需时间为28天, 细胞相对增殖率为98.7%。研究表明:通过共聚物与壳聚糖之间的聚电解质相互作用, 有效形成了结构均匀、性能改善的薄膜, 复合膜的柔韧性提高, 降解时间适当延长, 性能可由共聚物的投料比来调节。复合膜无细胞毒性, 生物相容性好, 作为手术后防组织粘连材料具有光明的应用前景。     

杨桃花中的氨基酸和微量元素的测定与分析

利用氨基酸自动分析仪和火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了杨桃花中的17种氨基酸和6中微量元素.结果表明,氨基酸含量为14.88%,其中必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比值为36.56%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为57.63%.杨桃花中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ca 6种微量元素含量分别是7.03,37.78,435.78,90....