AZ31 镁合金板材气体胀形的模拟及成形极限的预测

建立了300℃下AZ31镁合金板材气体胀形实验方法的有限元模型,并对板材胀形过程进行了仿真分析。基于板材应变历史分析,以二阶主应变转折点作为判别准则,预测了板材成形极限应变。通过模拟结果与实验结果的对比,分析解释了不同尺寸试样的变形情况。     

镁合金板材超塑性成形极限的实验研究

通过超塑性刚性凸模胀形实验研究了AZ31B镁合金板材的超塑性成形极限.在变形温度为573K,初始变形速率为3.3×10-4s-1的条件下,建立了AZ31B镁合金板料成形极限实验曲线(FLC),并且得到无论在拉压变形方式或是在双向受拉变形方式下超塑性变形时,AZ31B镁合金板料发生集中性失稳的条件均是dε2=0.     

铸态AZ31镁合金板材等温轧制工艺及组织性能研究

为研究铸态AZ31镁合金轧制工艺及轧制后组织性能,通过试验得到不同道次和变形量对铸态AZ31镁合金板材显微组织和力学性能的影响规律,并采用扫描电子显微镜研究了轧制后板材组织.结果表明,铸态AZ31镁合金板材经等温4道次、等变形量轧制后,板材厚度由20mm变化到4.8 mm,抗拉强度和屈服强度分别达到275 MPa和18...     

AZ31镁合金板锥杯与扩孔成形性能研究

对AZ31镁合金板在20~300℃条件下进行了拉伸力学性能、锥杯及扩孔试验研究。结果表明:随着变形温度的升高,AZ31镁合金板抗拉强度逐渐下降而延伸率不断提高;随着温度升高,锥杯值CCV逐渐减小,300℃时具有较小的锥杯值CCV,获得了较好的“拉深+胀形”复合成形性能;随着温度升高,AZ31镁合金板的扩孔成形性能显著提高。     

镁合金笔记本电脑外壳的温成形技术研究

采用0.6mm厚的AZ31镁合金材料,以温成形方式获得了复杂外形尺寸的笔记本电脑外壳.通过研究温度对AZ31镁合金板料拉深成形性能的影响发现:180～280℃成形的镁合金电脑外壳零件不会出现断裂和起皱缺陷,但角部高度随成形温度的升高而增加;低于180℃成形,零件圆角出现褶皱;高于280℃成形,圆角被拉裂;并且成形速度和摩擦也会影响零件成形.     

AZ31镁合金板材单双杆连续挤压变形过程及组织性能的对比

本工作采用HyperXtrude有限元软件对AZ31镁合金板材连续挤压扩展变形过程进行了数值模拟,研究了单、双杆送料方式对连续挤压过程中板材的温度场、应变场和压力场分布的影响,并对两种进料方式制备的镁合金板材的微观组织及力学性能做了对比分析。结果表明：在3 r/min(63 mm/s)条件下挤压160 mm×8 mm的AZ31镁合金板材时,双杆挤压过程中坯料的应变值小于单杆挤压,由于变形量较小,金属在型腔中的变形温度较单杆连续挤压低10℃左右,且双杆挤压时型腔内的局部压力达到了800 MPa,明显大于单杆挤压。双杆进料条件下板材的平均晶粒尺寸为17.8μm,更细小均匀,平均抗拉强度达到209 MPa,高于单杆挤压的产品,其中间焊缝区域的抗拉强度达到了218 MPa,说明焊合区的性能已超过了母材的性能。     

镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数优化

为了优化镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数,对5 mm厚镁合金AZ31B板材的搅拌摩擦焊接技术进行了试验研究,利用SN比实验设计,对镁合金AZ31B搅拌摩擦焊接工艺参数进行了方差分析,优化了搅拌头的材料、结构,最终确定搅拌头的材料为W6Mo5Cr4V2,结构为凹面圆台形.轴肩尺寸为12 mm.探针的根部直径为5.5 mm,端部直径为2.5 mm,长度为4.7 mm.获得镁合金AZ31B搅拌摩擦焊的工艺参数显著性顺序为旋转速度、横向速度和压力;确定了镁合金AZ31B搅拌摩擦焊的最优工艺参数为1500 r/min、47.5 mm/min、3kN.     

循环道次对高温叠轧AZ31镁合金板材组织与性能的影响

目的通过高温累积叠轧工艺制备出高强度的镁合金,并研究该过程中循环道次对AZ31镁合金板材的微观组织与性能的具体影响。方法对累积叠轧1～5次板材进行微观组织观察,并进行显微硬度的测试,得到不同板材的硬度值,通过X射线衍射分析得到不同板材的取向结果,最终进行力学性能实验,并对比分析。结果随着循环道次的增加,板材抗拉强度有明显改变。从260 MPa先增加至310 MPa,最后稳定在350 MPa左右;非基面织构比重增加;断裂伸长率先降低后升高并稳定在10%左右。结论累积叠轧工艺使得AZ31镁合金板材产生了加工硬化,并显著细化了晶粒。循环道次的增加、孪晶产生和晶界数量显著增多导致强度进一步提高。     

5A06 铝合金板材超塑气胀成形数值模拟

目的改善5A06铝合金板材超塑性气胀成形件壁厚分布。方法采用MARC有限元分析方法,对商业供货态5A06-O铝合金板材(原始厚度为2 mm)的超塑性成形进行数值模拟分析。结果优化后的反吹预减薄变形,使杯形件最终壁厚分布大大改善,最薄处壁厚从单纯正吹胀形时的0.65 mm提高到了0.94 mm,壁厚均匀性指数达到0.079。结论合理的反胀形模具可以增加最小壁厚,达到提高壁厚均匀性的目的。     

超声振动辅助T2紫铜薄板软模微胀形工艺研究

目的 解决薄板微胀形工艺中尺度效应导致的零件尺寸精度及形状精度不稳定以及板料减薄带来的成形极限下降等问题。方法 对T2紫铜薄板进行多球冠微结构胀形工艺研究,对比刚模微胀形和超声振动辅助软模微胀形工艺条件下球冠微结构的成形质量,分析壁厚减薄率的变化规律,研究超声振动保压时间对球冠形貌及胀形高度的影响,对比分析紫铜薄板厚度对球冠胀形质量的影响规律。结果 超声振动辅助软模微胀形工艺能够提高球冠微结构胀形极限,促进材料均匀变形,改善壁厚分布,相比于刚模微胀形,在超声作用下壁厚减薄率降低了约7%。超声振动保压时间越长,球冠贴模性越好,当保压时间为80 s时,球冠相对高度提升了0.1 mm。板料厚度越薄,成形极限越低,当板料厚度为100μm时,球冠成形质量及成形精度最高,在超声振动辅助软模微胀形工艺条件下,球冠成形极限进一步提高。结论 超声振动与软模相结合的复合成形方法能够降低T2紫铜薄板微胀形尺度效应的不利影响,抑制壁厚过度减薄,显著提升胀形精度和成形极限。     

Formability and numerical simulation of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet in warm stamping process

The potential process for mass production of magnesium alloy components in vehicles—warm stamping process was investigated systematically in the present study. For analyzing the forming process, an accurate numerical model describing the unique characteristics of magnesium alloy sheets under warm forming is very essential. Aiming at this, hardening/softening model for 1.5 mm thickness AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet were firstly constructed based on uniaxial tensile tests. Secondly, semispherical drawing was carried out under the selected temperature to generate experimental forming limit curve (FLC) for AZ31B sheet. Then, friction coefficient was identified using a high-temperature tribo-tester. Finally, numerical simulation was implemented and formability of AZ31B sheet warm forming was verified with experiment. The result shows that the formability, thickness distribution and equivalent strain distribution in simulation agreed well with the actual specimens, which thus provided a good data base for describing the unique characteristics of magnesium alloy sheets under warm forming.     

Deformation characteristics of fine grained magnesium alloy AZ31B thin sheet during rapid gas blow forming

Abstract

Decreasing the forming time in gas blow forming using fine grained Mg alloy AZ31B thin sheet with a thickness of 0·6 mm was studied in this work. Tensile tests and gas blow forming using stepwise pressurisation profiles were performed to explore the deformation behaviour of a fine grained AZ31B Mg alloy sheet. The alloy sheets were successfully deformed into hemispherical domes using two proposed stepwise pressurisation profiles during gas blow forming. As a result, significant reduction in forming time was achieved. Maximum effective deformation rates of 1·02 × 10^–2 and 1·98 × 10^–2 s^–1 were obtained at 300 and 370°C respectively. It was feasible to form a hemispherical dome with a height of 20 mm in less than 80 s at 370°C. The results confirmed that the thickness distribution along the centreline of the formed dome was sensitive to the pressurisation profiles. A higher thinning effect was observed at 370°C due to the higher deformation rate imposed during forming. Grain growth was not a serious problem for forming even at 370°C, and static grain growth should be the major factor resulting in grain growth during forming.     

Isothermal Gas Forming of Mg Alloy AZ31 Sheet

There have been reports on sheet forming of Mg alloy in industry via the punch and die method;this paper is probably the first formal one for studying the sheet formability of AZ31 employing pressurized gas to press the sheet into a female die cavity at various elevated temperatures.The results indicate it is feasible to form a rectangular box via pressurized gas from extruded sheets of 0.5 and 1.7 mm thick.The formed box has 1:2 depth over width ratio,which should be large enough when dealing with realistic industrial sheet forming parts.Presently,forming a sheet of 0.5 mm thick is considered a technical challenge by industry,and it is conquered as demonstrated in this paper.Gas forming technique applied to Mg alloy is unprecedented and shows potential for industrial utilization.     

镁合金板材成形极限图(FLD)的实验研究

首次利用电蚀网格法,在BCS-30D板材成形性试验机上进行镁合金板材成形实验,利用先进的ASAME自动应变测量系统进行应变测量分析,测试镁合金板材的成形极限图(FLD).实验表明,室温下AZ31B镁合金冷轧态板材的力学性能和冲压性能不佳,难以完成成形极限图的测试,不具备成形加工能力;热轧态镁合金板材具有一定的塑性和成形性能,并测试了其成形极限图.成形极限曲线FLC的测试对制订镁合金板材的冲压成形工艺提供了理论依据.     

Fabricating of Open-cell Porous Al-Si Alloy with Pressure Penetration Casting

1-IntroductionPorousmetalspossesshighdampingproperty,ex-cellentthermalphysicalproperty,goodpermeability,acousticandelectromagneticproperty,etc.[1'2].Therearemanymethodsfabricatingporousmetal,suchaspowdermetallurgy,casting,physicalvapordeposi-tion/sputterdeposition,chemical/electrochemicalde-positionandgaseutectictransformation.Pressurecastingcanfabricateopen-cellporousmetalwithwell-distributedporeswithsizebeingonlyfewhundredmicrometer,andithastheadvantageoflowcost.Inthispaperfabricatingprocess…     

AZ31镁合金薄板的无针搅拌摩擦加工

目的 研究有针、无针搅拌摩擦加工对AZ31镁合金薄板的微观组织和力学性能的影响。方法 通过搅拌摩擦加工技术（FSP）以不同的转速对AZ31镁合金薄板进行加工,采用拉伸试验机、金相显微镜、UMT摩擦磨损试验机、维氏硬度机对无针搅拌加工后的AZ31镁合金加工表面的晶粒形貌、拉伸性能、磨损性能和硬度进行研究分析,并与同转速有针搅拌进行比较。结果 无针条件下与同转速下的有针搅拌相比,焊缝表面更加细密、美观,无针加工下焊缝的抗拉强度最大为242MPa,测得的维氏硬度最大为97.6HV,且焊缝的平均摩擦因数最小,为0.31。结论 无针时FSP镁合金焊缝的抗拉强度随刀具转速的提高而增大;焊缝的硬度与镁合金母材相比有明显的提高,且随刀具转速的提高,维氏硬度值逐渐降低;无针条件下获得的AZ31镁合金焊缝的平均摩擦因数随刀具转速的增加而增大,与同转速时有针条件下获得的焊缝的平均摩擦因数相比,无针时获得的焊缝平均摩擦因数明显更高;无针时获得的焊缝表面的晶粒尺寸随转速的增加而增大。     

挤压包覆轧制对SiCP增强镁合金(AZ91)复合板显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过热挤压复合的方式将AZ91合金引入至SiC_P增强镁合金（AZ91）（SiC_P/AZ91）复合材料中,制备出厚度为2 mm的AZ91-（SiC_P/AZ91）复合板,研究了热轧对其显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:AZ91的引入显著提高了SiC_P/AZ91的轧制成形能力。与AZ91层相比,SiC_P/AZ91层内晶粒尺寸小,硬度高。随轧制压下量的增加,AZ91-（SiC_P/AZ91）复合板晶粒尺寸变大,析出相数量减少且尺寸增大,导致硬度呈现下降的趋势。与挤压态AZ91-（SiC_P/AZ91）复合板相比,当压下量为50%时,轧制态AZ91-（SiC_P/AZ91）复合板屈服强度由272 MPa提高至341 MPa,抗拉强度由353 MPa提高至404 MPa。在拉伸过程中,因SiC_P与基体界面脱黏导致裂纹优先在SiC_P/AZ91层内萌生和扩展,AZ91层对微裂纹扩展具有一定的阻碍作用。