Principle Design of Actuators Driven by Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys

Magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMA) are a promising material for actuation purposes as they provide relatively large strains and relatively high operation frequencies. In this paper three concepts of such actuators are introduced. The first part will describe a so called spring actuator, where the MSM element is working against a restore pre‐stress spring. The second concept uses two MSM elements working antagonistically to substitute the pre‐stress spring. A small sized actuator for valve or switching applications is shown in the third concept. Advantages and disadvantages are highlighted and show the potential of the comparatively new active material.     

高温形状记忆合金的研究进展

本文综述了近年来有关高温形状记忆合金的最新研究进展。重点介绍了ＣｕＡｌＮｉ基，ＮｉＴｉ基及ＮｉＡｌ基三大系列高温形状记忆合金。概括了有关合金的设计，马氏体相变及形状记忆效应，显微结构特征，合金相稳定性及热处理效应，材料制备及生产加工工艺及性能等。     

Multiple Memory Shape Memory Alloys

Until now, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been largely limited to “remembering” a single memory. In other words, monolithic components only possess a single set of functional properties. The current work describes how theorized change to local chemical composition induced through laser processing enables controlled augmentation of transformation temperatures. Proof of concept was demonstrated by locally embedding multiple shape memories into a monolithic NiTi component. This novel technique overcomes traditional fabrication challenges and promises to enhance SMA functionality and facilitate novel applications through producing a new class of smart materials; namely multiple memory materials (MMMs).     

Fe-Mn-Si系形状记忆合金研究近况

Fe-Mn-Si系形状记忆合金因其很好的可加工性和低廉的价格而备受关注.综述了该系形状记忆合金最近的研究工作,包括相变机制、影响因素,着重是提高和改善Fe-Mn-Si系合金性能的途径.主要通过选择合适的合金成分配比和摸索恰当的制备工艺来提高和改善Fe-Mn-Si系合金性能,叙述了该合金系不同合金元素和制备工艺对形状记忆效应的影响.     

电流变液的发展现状

电流变液自1947年被Winslow发现以来,因其能快速、可逆地实现液一固相转变,并具有响应快（毫秒级）、连续可调、能耗低等优良特性,越来越为有关工程技术人员所关注。研究表明,电流变液在工程机械、液压系统、航空航天、机器人等众多领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文回顾了电流变液的发展和国内外的研究现状,阐述了电流变液的特点、组成、相关参数、理论模型及应用和优缺点,详细论述了产生电流变的机理、设计制造高性能电流变液的方法,并在此基础上提出了一些笔者对介电模型和电导模型的观点。     

磁性形状记忆合金研究进展

磁性形状记忆合金是上世纪90年代开始出现的一类新型金属功能材料。这类合金兼具热弹性马氏体相变和磁性转变,其形状记忆效应可以由磁场控制。此外这类合金还具有磁阻、磁热等丰富的物理效应,因而一直是近期研究热点。首先介绍了磁性形状记忆合金的3个基本特征,即马氏体相变与磁性转变、磁场驱动孪晶再取向和磁场诱发相变。然后分别对Ni基、Co基和Fe基磁性形状记忆合金的研究现状进行了评述。最后展望了磁性形状记忆合金的发展趋势。     

Drilling of NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

The machinability of NiTi based shape memory alloys has been examined by conducting drilling experiments. For this reason the cutting parameters cutting speed and feed were varied within a wide range. The machining process was evaluated in terms of tool wear, cutting forces and machining quality. The tool wear was analysed with a scanning electron microscope and the influence of machining on the subsurface zone was evaluated by micro hardness measurements.     

形状记忆合金的研究进展

形状记忆合金作为一种新型功能材料越来越受到人们的重视,并且在微型智能驱动系统中得到成功应用。从工程应用角度出发,依据材料的实际应用温度,分别概述了对高温和低温两种形状记忆合金的最新研究进展,并展望了其前景。     

TiNi基高温形状记忆合金的马氏体相变与形状记忆效应

综述了Ti-Ni基高温形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变和形状记忆效应最近研究进展。Ti-Ni基高温形状记忆合金主要包括用Ti-Ni-Pd,Ti-Ni-Pt,Ti-Ni-Zr和Ti-Ni-Hf等。对Ti-Ni基高温形状记忆合金体材料、薄带和薄膜中的马氏体相变、组织结构、形状记忆效应以及超弹性性能等进行了评述和归纳。值得注意的是,通过适当的时效处理可调节相变温度,显著改善Ti-Ni-Hf高温形状记忆合金的开头记忆效应和超弹性性能,其主要原因在于时效的Ti-Ni-Hf合金中析出纳米级析出相导致基体强度升高。采取适当的制备和加工方法,提高合金的马氏体相变温度,改善合金的开头记忆效应,是当前TiNi基形状记忆合金研究的主要发展趋势。     

TiNi形状记忆合金的工程应用研究现状和展望

综合评述了TiNi形状记忆合金的特性及其在工程结构方面的应用研究进展.着重介绍了TiNi合金形状记忆效应和超弹性的特点及其工程意义,论述了TiNi合金在用于制作驱动器、控制结构变形和开裂、结构振动主动和被动控制以及在耐磨损、抗冲击方面的应用研究现状,并就该研究领域的发展方向提出了一些建议.     

铁基形状记忆合金的研究进展与展望

铁基形状记忆合金由于价格低廉、强度高、加工性能好、使用方便等优点引起广泛重视。本文较详细论述了 90年代以来国际上铁基形状记忆合金的研究进展和应用前景     

TiNi形状记忆合金及其多孔体

综述了TiNi形状记忆合金的研究开发与应用现状,包括三元TiNiCu、TiNiNb、TiNiHf合金,并介绍了用自蔓高温合成法制备一种新型人造骨科材料——TiNi多孔体的最新研究进展。     

Knowledge and Method Base for Shape Memory Alloys

It is often impossible for design engineers to decide whether it is possible to use shape memory alloys (SMA) for a particular task. In case of a decision to use SMA for product development, design engineers normally do not know in detail how to proceed in a correct and beneficial way. In order to support design engineers who have no previous knowledge about SMA and to assist in the transfer of results from basic research to industrial practice, an essential knowledge and method base has been developed. Through carefully conducted literature studies and patent analysis material and design information could be collected. All information is implemented into a computer supported knowledge and method base that provides design information with a particular focus on the conceptual and embodiment design phase. The knowledge and method base contains solution principles and data about effects, material and manufacturing as well as design guidelines and calculation methods for dimensioning and optimization. A browser‐based user interface ensures that design engineers have immediate access to the latest version of the knowledge and method base. In order to ensure a user friendly application, an evaluation with several test users has been carried out. Reactions of design engineers from the industrial sector underline the need for support related to knowledge on SMA.     

磁控形状记忆合金执行器及其应用前景

磁控形状记忆合金可以提供一种产生力和位移的新方法，同时也可以使用此种材料制作传感器。阐述了磁控形状记忆合金的工作原理，介绍了使用磁控形状记忆合金制造的几种实际机构，最后讨论了它们未来的应用。     

Phase Change Behavior of Nitinol Shape Memory Alloys

Among other special characteristics Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) have the ability to return to a predetermined shape when heated. In fact, the phase change of an existing element can strongly be influenced by thermal and thermo‐mechanical treatments. Up to now, SMEs have been discovered in various materials, which can generally be classified into noble‐metal based, Cu‐based, Fe‐based, Ni‐Ti‐based alloy systems and non‐metallic SMAs. In this paper a general overview of the Ni‐Ti system and a detailed review over the Ni‐Ti‐Cu system will be given with special regard to the influence of heat treatments upon the phase change behavior.     

Shape Memory Alloys: A Material and a Technology

Shape memory alloys offer attractive potentials such as: superelastic behaviour, reversible strains of several percent during heating or cooling over a limited temperature range, generation of high recovery stresses, and a work output with a high power/weight ratio. This paper describes the origin of those properties and gives an overview of the shape memory functions and shape memory applications.     

An Eulerian Model for Pseudoelastic Shape Memory Alloys

A thermodynamic model describing pseudoelasticity is proposed. The kinematics are based on a self‐consistent Eulerian theory of finite deformations using the logarithmic rate. The thermomechanical state of the material is described by means of the mass fraction of martensite as internal state variable. From the Helmholtz free energy of the two‐phase solid, a kinetic law for the evolution of martensite is derived, taking into account the heat generated during phase transition. The material model is implemented into a finite element code in an updated Lagrangian scheme. Its parameters are calibrated to experimental data. The characteristics of the model are illustrated by simulations under different loading conditions.     

Martensitic Transformation in Fe-Mn-Si Based Shape Memory Alloys

1.IntroductionFe-Mn-Sibasedalloysbecomeonekindofim-portantshapememorymaterialssincethecompleteshapememoryeffect(SME)waJsfoundinFe-3OMn-1Sialloyresultedfromfcc(7)-+hcp(E)martensitictransformationin1982bySatoet.1.[i].WorksonfCc(7)-+hcp(E)havebeenextensivelypublishedinlasttenyears.Thepresentauthorhaspointedoutsomenewaspectsoffcc(7)-hcp(E)transformationinalloyswithlowstackingfau1tenergyandhasanalyzedtheSMEassociatedwithfcc(7)-hcp(E)transformationinFe-Mn-Sibasedalloys[2~4].Thispaperattempt…     

铁磁NiMnGa形状记忆合金研究的新进展

铁磁NiMnGa形状记忆合金在磁场控制下不仅具有可与形状记忆合金相比的、大的输出应变和应力，而且具有高的能量密度和可与压电材料相比的、高的频率响应和可精确控制的特性。系统阐述了近年来铁磁Ni-Mn-Ga系统的结构、微结构、相变机理、形状记忆效应及其在应用方面的一些新的研究成果，着重澄清了一些易混淆的基本概念，并探讨了存在的问题和可能的解决途径。     

Internal States of Temperature Hysteresis in Shape Memory Alloys

We propose a thermodynamic theory that permits us to connect the size of the temperature hysteresis loop to the interfacial energy between martensite and austenite. The free energy is a function of four variables, viz. deformation of austenite, deformation of martensite, phase fraction and temperature. A diagonal line inside the hysteresis loop in the deformation-temperaturediagram is identified as the line of unstable phase equilibrium. Upon reaching this line the phasemixture loses its (meta-)stability and the transformation from one phase to the other shouldoccur. The theoretical results are supported by experiments on NiTi and CuAINi specimens.