稀疏多光纤光网配置算法对波长连续性限制的影响

针对波分复用（WDM）光网络在实现端到端业务链接时的波长连续性限制问题,提出了对光网络进行稀疏多光纤配置的方法。通过分析发现：稀疏多光纤配置能够使整个网络的性能受波长连续性限制的影响得到明显改善;具有稀疏多光纤配置的光网络长链路建链阻塞概率在全网阻塞率中的比例要高于使用相同数目波长转换器的光网络,这说明,波长转换器对于光网络的长链建链仍具有一定的优势。     

波长转换对抗毁多光纤网状WDM网络的性能影响

目前研究波长转换器对WDM网络性能影响的文献一般都是针对单光纤网络并且不考虑网络抗毁的要求。该文使用整数线性规划建模和动态系统仿真的方法,分别研究了静态业务和动态业务下,多光纤网状WDM网络在满足抗毁要求时,节点配置波长转换器对网络性能的影响,以此对使用波长转换器获得的好处给出较为全面的结论。     

波分复用光网络中的波长路由分配策略

路由选择和波长分配是WDM光传输网中非常重要的问题.本文结合交叉连接节点,提出了一种基于最短路径的动态路由选择方案;然后利用这种动态的路由选择策略,以网络的阻塞性能为优化目标分配波长,达到充分利用网络资源的目的.计算机仿真结果表明,无论在单纤或者多纤WDM光传输网络中,利用这种策略的RWA算法优于传统的固定路由和单纯动态路由算法     

多光纤WDM网中支持QoS的波长重路由算法

在WDM网上，波长连续性限制会降低网络的信道利用率，增加光路建立请求的阻塞率。采用波长重路由技术可以减少波长连续性限制对网络性能的影响。该文采用波长图模型，对多光纤WDM网中支持QoS的波长重路由算法进行了探讨，提出一种支持QoS的波长重路由算法－－动态选择法，并采用两种网络模型，在不同负载的动态业务下对所提算法进行了仿真研究；仿真结果表明所提算法既满足了上层业务不同的QoS要求，同时又充分利用了有限的网络资源，使全网的平均阻塞率降低。     

抗毁WDM网络中支持多优先级的波长分配算法

WDM网络将在未来的骨干网中扮演重要的角色,具备抗毁能力和支持多优先级都很必要.本文提出了两种基于优先级的波长分配算法——波长编号法和分配限额法,并研究了动态业务下,抗毁WDM网络使用这两种波长分配方法后网络的阻塞率性能.研究的内容包括业务量负载、光纤链路的波长通道数和每条链路包含的光纤数对网络性能的影响.本文还给出了仿真结果.     

一种稀疏分光配置约束下的WDM网络多播RWA算法

在波长路由WDM网络中,波长路由和波长分配是RWA算法提高光网络阻塞性能的两个重要阶段和关键技术。文章针对现有的稀疏分光配置约束下的光网络多播RWA算法复杂度高、代价高的问题,提出了一种新的稀疏分光器配置的RWA多播算法。该算法摒弃传统RWA算法在波长路由阶段就考虑稀疏分光约束能力的惯性思维,论文首次提出在波长分配阶段,才通过多播长转换器实现满足稀疏分光约束条件的分光能力传递。仿真结果表明,所提算法在平均代价和所需波长数目方面都获得了较优的性能。     

稀疏波长变换网络性能分析与研究

文章对动态业务模型下的稀疏波长变换网络性能进行了分析与研究，对波分复用（WDM）网络中引入波长变换器后的网络性能进行了系统的仿真，分析了波长变换器数量、波长变换器位置、波长变换范围以及路由波长算法等因素对网络性能的影响。     

网状WDM网中多播业务的共享保护设计

研究网状波分复用(WDM)光网络中动态多播业务的保护方案,提出一种共享保护和重配置(SPR)算法.该算法根据网络状态动态调整链路代价,为每个多播业务请求建立最小代价工作树,并为光树上互不重叠的工作段提供链路分离的保护段.当网络中发生链路失效时,进行业务段保护切换和局部资源重配置.仿真表明,该算法可以合理共享波长资源、平衡网络负载,有效保护WDM网中任意单链路失效,并在多链路失效情况下大大提高业务恢复能力.     

自相似业务在WDM环网中的动态性能分析

对自相似业务在WDM环网中的动态路由波长分配(RMA)问题进行了研究,以16节点格环网为例对自相似业务在不同波长路由分配策略下的动态性能进行了仿真。分析了单纤和多纤环境下阻塞率随自相似突发度H变化的规律。同时又以性能差异比例函数为依据,比较了不同路由算法间阻塞率的差异,并与相同条件下的泊松模型进行了对比。     

自相似业务下共享通道保护WDM网络性能分析

该文利用随机中点置换-分形高斯噪声(RMD-FGN)方法生成自相似业务,并且利用分层图方法来记录WDM网络状态,提出了一种链路状态描述模型。对自相似业务下55 Mesh_Torus共享通道保护WDM网络性能进行了仿真。结果表明:当业务的自相似系数或方差变大时,也就是说业务的突发程度变大时,阻塞率变大,网络的性能下降。增加单纤波长数,可以降低阻塞率,提高网络性能。     

Dynamic lightpath establishment considering four-wave mixing in multifiber WDM networks

This paper proposes a dynamic lightpath establishment scheme considering four-wave mixing (FWM) in multifiber wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) all-optical networks. The FWM is one of the most important physical impairments to be resolved in WDM networks because the FWM induces nonlinear inter-channel crosstalk and decays the performance of WDM networks. In WDM networks, data are transmitted via lightpaths. When the effect of FWM crosstalk is large, it is highly possible that data transmission fails even if lightpaths are correctly established. The proposed scheme aims to avoid not only the blocking of lightpath establishment but also the accumulation of FWM crosstalk by means of ingenious selection of routes, wavelengths, and fibers for lightpath establishment. In the proposed scheme, a route and a wavelength are selected for each lightpath based on wavelength availability and wavelength placement of established lightpaths. Furthermore, fibers on the route are selected based on estimated FWM power. In this paper, we show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme through simulation experiments.     

A computational model for estimating blocking probabilities of multifiber WDM optical networks

In this letter, we propose a computational model for calculating blocking probabilities of multifiber wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. We first derive the blocking probability of a fiber based on a Markov chain, from which the blocking probability of a link is derived by means of conditional probabilities. The blocking probability of a lightpath can be computed by a recursive formula. Finally, the network-wide blocking probability can be expressed as the ratio of the total blocked load versus the total offered load. Simulation results for different fiber-wavelength configurations conform closely to the numerical results based on our proposed model, thus demonstrating the feasibility of our proposed model for estimating the blocking performance of multifiber WDM optical networks.     

On-line integrated routing in dynamic multifiber IP/WDM networks

This paper focuses on dynamic integrated routing in multifiber Internet protocol/wavelength-division multiplexing (IP/WDM) networks, which can be implemented through either one-step routing (OSR) or two-step routing (TSR) approach. Based on an extended layered-graph, two resource assignment strategies, termed channel-level balance (CLB) and link-level balance (LLB), are proposed to balance the traffic in the network at different levels. To further improve the performance, a parameter K is introduced to make a dynamic tradeoff between the logical-layer links and the optical-layer links. Simulation studies are carried out for various topologies. The results show that LLB is better than CLB in most cases, and LLB combined with OSR has the optimal performance. Also, we find that the routing approach and the resource assignment strategy individually play different roles with different values of r/sub l/ that is introduced to indicate the resource richness of the network. As a multifiber network is functionally equivalent to a single-fiber network with limited wavelength conversion, we investigate the effects of wavelength conversion by studying the multifiber IP/WDM networks. The analysis shows that, when the granularity of each connection request is much smaller than the wavelength granularity, wavelength conversion may increase the request blocking probability in the network.     

On trading wavelengths with fibers: a cost-performance based study

We consider the effect of multiple fibers on wavelength division multiplexing networks without wavelength conversion. We study networks with dynamic wavelength routing and develop accurate analytical models to compare various possible options using single- and multiple-fiber networks. We use results of an analytical model and simulation-based studies to evaluate the blocking performance and cost of multifiber networks. The number of fibers required providing high performance in multifiber networks and their costs are compared. A case is made for using multiple fibers in each link with fewer wavelengths instead of using a single fiber with many wavelengths. In particular, we show that a network with four fibers per link and with four wavelengths on each fiber without any wavelength conversion on any node yields similar same performance as the networks with one fiber per link and 16 wavelengths per fiber on each link and with full wavelength conversion capability on all nodes. In addition, the multifiber network may also offer the cost advantage depending on the relative cost of components. We develop a parametric cost model to show that multiple fibers in each link are an attractive option. Finally, such multifiber networks also has fault tolerance, with respect to a single fiber failure, already built into the system.     

On the wavelength assignment problem in multifiber WDM star andring networks

This paper studies-the off-line wavelength assignment problem in star and ring networks that deploy multiple fibers between nodes and use wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) for transmission. The results in this paper show that the ability to switch between fibers increases wavelength utilization. In particular, sharper per-fiber bounds on the number of required wavelengths are derived for the multifiber version of the assignment problem in star and ring networks. Additionally, the complexity of the problem is studied and several constrained versions of the problem are also considered for star and ring networks. A summary of contributions is provided     

Lighting fibers in a dark network

We consider the problem of network design in transparent, or clear channel, optical networks associated with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). We focus on the class of traffic engineering models known as routing, wavelength, and capacity assignment problems. Here, in contrast to traditional networks, traffic flow paths must also be assigned an end-to-end wavelength. This additional requirement means that there can be an increased cost associated with optimal capacity allocations for such WDM-flows. In general, this can be arbitrarily worse than traditional network designs. We argue that in order to evaluate the benefit of different switch technologies, a good benchmark is to measure the increase in costs purely in terms of link capacity, we call this the cost of transparency. Experimental research shows that this cost is small in multifiber networks with modest switching functionality at the nodes. We present theoretical justification for why this occurs, and prove that in multiwavelength multifiber transparent networks the cost of transparency all but disappears if there is moderate traffic load. Our arguments are based on efficient heuristics that may also be useful for more complex network optimizations. This suggests that the cost savings from using wavelength converters is significant only in young networks with relatively few fibers lit. Such savings may, thus, be small relative to the initial capital expense involved in installing wavelength conversion.     

Blocking performance analysis on adaptive routing over WDM networks with finite wavelength conversion capability

Analytical blocking probability analysis is important for network design. In this paper, we present an analytical model for the blocking probability analysis on adaptive routing over the WDM networks with finite wavelength conversion capability. Modeling the finite nature of wavelength conversion has been a difficult task. We make use of the idea of segmented route to handle the finite wavelength conversion property. In this approach, a route is divided into a number of segments separated by wavelength converting nodes. We then combine the single-link model and the overflow model to derive the network-wide blocking probability. There are two distinct features in our technique. First, a concept of segmented route is used. Second, link state is considered when calculating the traffic flow. The latter ensures that the analytical results match closely to practical network status. Extensive simulations show that the analytical technique is effective in modeling the blocking probability performance for sparse networks.     

A Virtual Wavelength Translation Scheme for Routing in All-Optical Networks

This paper considers wavelength routed WDM networks where multiple fibers are used for each communication link. For such networks, the effect of wavelength translation can be achieved without explicit use of wavelength translators. We call this as virtual wavelength translation and study the routing issues considering dynamic lightpath allocation. Using multiple (or a bundle of) fibers for each link also allows us to have bundles of varying sizes to accommodate anticipated differences in traffic through different communication links of the network. The paper considers the blocking probabilities of all-optical networks when centralized and distributed lightpath allocation schemes are used.     

Concurrent Support of Higher-Layer Protocols over WDM

To satisfy the severe requirements involved in future communication networks, commercial and research interest in the applicability of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is growing. However, since WDM is merely concerned with transmitting bits over optical fibers, full advantage can only be taken when WDM is efficiently supported by higher-layer protocols. Functionality of higher-layer protocols that could be used in conjunction with WDM originates from synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) or synchronous optical network (SONET), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and the internet protocol (IP). To provide flexible use of services with different levels of quality, various higher-layer protocols may directly support WDM simultaneously by reserving wavelength channels for a specific supporting protocol. Focussing on aspects of network management, this paper investigates how the mentioned higher-layer protocols may concurrently support WDM.