高分子凝胶法制备纳米ZnO/La2O3及光催化性能

以Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O,AgNO3为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子凝胶法在550℃下制得纳米ZnO/La2O3。通过XRD物相分析,得知沉积稀土氧化物La2O3的ZnO纳米粒子样品的物相均是六方晶系纤锌矿结构;TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,纳米ZnO/La2O3的平均粒径约为26 nm,红外光谱分析高分子的分解程度,在550℃时分解完全。水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在ZnO/La2O3半导体光催化条件下,pH值为9时,能迅速分解,在降解90 min时,次甲基蓝的降解率达到81%。     

高分子网络凝胶法制备纳米ZnO及其光催化性能研究

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N'—亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法在550℃下制得纳米ZnO。通过XRD物相分析,产物为六方晶系;TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,平均粒径为20～30nm;红外光谱分析高分子的分解程度,在通氧的情况下,550℃分解完全。并利用以上三种分析方法,得到单体与网络剂的最佳质量配比为5∶1。水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在ZnO半导体光催化条件下,能迅速分解,在降解3h时,对次甲基蓝的降解率达到85%。     

高分子凝胶网络法制备La0.65Sr0.35MnO3及光催化性能

以Sr(NO3)2,La(NO3)3·6H2O,Mn(NO3)2为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子网络凝胶法在600 ℃下制得纳米La0.65Sr0.35MnO3.通过XRD物相分析,得知La0.65Sr0.35MnO3粒子样品的物相是立方晶系钙钛矿结构;La0.65Sr0.35MnO3粒子平均粒径为17 nm.水溶液中亚甲基蓝染料在La0.65Sr0.35MnO3太阳光催化条件下,能迅速分解,在降解120 min时,亚甲基蓝的降解率达到92%.     

固相法纳米ZnO/Ag及其光催化性能研究

以Zn(NO3)2.6H2O、AgNO3和Na2CO3为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为分散剂,采用低温固相法在350℃下制得纳米ZnO/Ag。通过XRD物相分析,得知沉积贵金属Ag的ZnO纳米粒子样品的物相均是六方晶系纤锌矿结构;TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,未包覆的ZnO的平均粒径约为20 nm,被Ag包覆的ZnO的平均粒径约为40 nm;在350℃时分解完全。水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在ZnO/Ag半导体光催化条件下,pH为9时,能迅速分解,在降解90 min时,次甲基蓝的降解率达到100%。     

纳米Fe2O3对甲基橙、亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的光催化降解研究

以水热法制备的纳米Fe2O3作为光催化剂,在加入H2O2条件下,以高压汞灯为光源,对甲基橙(MO)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和罗丹明B(RhB)等染料进行光催化降解研究.实验表明:在相同光源与相等光强等条件下,当Fe2O3与H2O2的添加量一定时,罗丹明B最易降解,亚甲基蓝次之,而甲基橙的降解最慢,且更易受其他实验条件影响.     

光催化功能Fe_2O_3/TiO_2陶瓷的制备及其光降解特性

以九水硝酸铁和硫酸钛为原料,利用共沉淀法合成了Fe2O3/TiO2混合粉体,粉体压制成型的素坯经过高温烧结制备Fe2O3/TiO2陶瓷。通过XRD、SEM分析Fe2O3/TiO2多孔陶瓷的物相和微观结构,并通过对甲基蓝溶液(浓度为25mg/L)的降解研究其光催化性能和循环使用性能。结果表明:紫外和可见光条件下,该陶瓷第一次使用时对甲基蓝溶液的最大降解率分别是80%和94%,循环使用三次后,最大降解率分别仅下降16%和17%。所制备的Fe2O3/TiO2陶瓷具有良好的光催化性能和循环使用性能,且利于收集,可以广泛应用于污水处理。     

纳米氧化铜的制备及光催化降解亚甲基蓝

近年来,印染废水造成环境污染的问题日益严重。为处理印染废水,以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,采用化学沉淀法制备出了纤维状和球状两种形貌的纳米氧化铜,利用XRD和SEM对样品进行表征。当催化剂投加量0.1 g、初始pH=9、亚甲基蓝初始浓度5 mg/L、质量分数为30%的H₂O₂滴加量1 mL、紫外光下反应75 min时,亚甲基蓝溶液降解率最高,且催化剂循环使用3次后,亚甲基蓝的降解率仍在88%以上,具有优良的稳定性。纳米氧化铜的形貌相同时,晶粒尺寸越小,对亚甲基蓝催化降解效果越好。相同条件下,球状纳米氧化铜催化降解亚甲基蓝的能力强于纤维状纳米氧化铜。     

高分子凝胶法制备纳米晶α-Fe2O3

以Fe(NO3)3.9H2O为原料,丙烯酰胺为聚合单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子凝胶法制备了纳米α-Fe2O3。采用FT-IR,X-ray和TEM等方法对产物进行了表征。结果表明,单体和网络剂的配比为5∶1时得到均匀稳定的凝胶,当干凝胶在450℃煅烧时,形成纯相的α-Fe2O3,由透射电镜照片可知粒子尺寸分布均匀,平均粒径约为40nm,粒子尺寸在30~45 nm的数量占70%,红外光谱显示有机物煅烧完全,出现明显的铁-氧键的特征吸收峰。     

La2O3/TiO2纳米粒子超声光催化降解邻硝基苯酚

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了La2O3/TiO2纳米粒子.采用X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物相进行了表征.研究了超声光催化协同降解水中邻硝基苯酚的效果,考察了超声波声强、反应温度和催化剂投加量对邻硝基苯酚降解速率的影响.研究结果表明,超声光催化协同降解要比单独超声波或光化学处理效果显著,证实了声光联合技术具有明显的协同效应.     

La-Ce共掺杂制备La3+-Ce3+/ZnO及其对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了La-Ce共掺杂的La3+-Ce3+/ZnO光催化剂,同时用同种方法制备了ZnO、La3+/ZnO和Ce3+/ZnO以作对比.通过X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、紫外可见分光光度计,比表面及孔隙度分析仪等对制备的光催化剂进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物对所制备的光催化剂的光催化特性进行了评价.结果表明,所制备的La3+-Ce3+/ZnO光催化剂基本呈长方柱状,尺寸平均为57.3 nm,La-Ce共掺杂提高了ZnO的结晶度,促进了晶粒的长大.根据光催化实验结果,La-Ce共掺杂能够显著提高ZnO的光催化活性.在光催化降解500 mL的10 mg·L-1亚甲基蓝实验中,La3+-Ce3+/ZnO光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率达93.7%,比纯ZnO、La3+-ZnO和Ce3+-ZnO分别提高了21.4%、19.2%和9.3%.      

Superconducting Transition Temperature in YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3 / YBa2 Cu4O8 Heterostructure

YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8 （ Y-124/LCMO/Y- 124） heterostructure was prepared by facing-target sputtering technique. The oscillatory superconducting transition temperature was observed when the thickness of LCMO d L is larger than critical thickness d L^CR. The metal-insulator transition temperature can only be detected at d L 〉 d L^CR. The dependence on the spacer layer in LCMO/Y-124 systems suggests strongly the interplay of ferromagnetic and superconducting couplings.     

Visible luminescence of lanthanide ions in Ca3Sc2Si3O12 and Ca3Y2Si3O12

The crystalline materials Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂ and Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ were characterized by different crystal structures, as the former is a cubic garnet, while the latter is an orthorhombic compound. We investigated the optical spectroscopy of these materials doped with several trivalent lanthanide ions and compared the results for the two hosts. Polycrystalline samples were prepared by solid state reaction, both undoped and doped with the trivalent lanthanide ions Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Sm³⁺. Emission, excitation and Raman spectra of these materials were measured at temperatures ranging from 300 to 10 K. The optical spectra were assigned and discussed, and the effects of the crystal structure of the host on the spectroscopic behaviour were addressed. The technological potential of these compounds in the field of optical materials and devices was discussed.     

Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al₂O₃/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y₂O₃、La₂O₃稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al₂O₃/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.      

CaO—SiO2—Na2O—CaF2—Al2O3—MgO保护渣系的Al2O3吸收速率和粘度

采用CaO-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO渣系,通过测定熔渣的粘度和Al2O3吸收速率,研究连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率与粘度及化学成分之间的关系。在一定条件下,当CaO/SiO2为1.2左右时,粘度达到最小值,Al2O3吸收速率达到最大值,分别为0.10?Pa*s、8.403×10-4?kg*m-2*s-1。随着渣中Na2CO3含量、CaF2含量和MgO含量的增加,粘度减小,Al2O3吸收速率增大。随着渣中Al2O3含量的增加,粘度增大,Al2O3吸收速率减小。粘度为Al2O3吸收速率的主要控制因素。随着熔渣粘度的增加,连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率逐渐减小。     

CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3转光玻璃的合成及荧光性质

X射线衍射研究表明CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3体系的玻璃化温度在1025℃附近.荧光光谱和ESR谱研究表明,在CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3玻璃体系中存在着Eu2+和Eu3+两种价态离子. 316, 360, 379, 394, 413, 462和532nm锐线激发峰和592,616和650红区发射峰分别对应Eu3+的f-f激发跃迁和5D0-7FJ (J=1,2,3)跃迁发射;351nm和427nm宽带激发峰和蓝区发射分别对应Eu2+的5d-4f激发跃迁和发射.     

Fracture Behavior in Cu46.5Zr46.5Al7 and Cu46.5Zr41.5Al7Y5 Bulk Metallic Glasses

The interplay between chemical composition, plastic behavior, and fracture modes of Cu_46.5Zr_46.5Al₇ and Cu_46.5Zr_41.5Al₇Y₅ bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was investigated by compression tests and fracture surfaces analyses. The aim was to explore the possibility of coupling physical, chemical, and hardness properties, with adequate macroscopic compressive plasticity. Cylindrical test samples, having a height-to-diameter ratio equal to 2, were machined and ground from as-cast bars and were tested in compression between lubricated plates, the displacement being measured by a clip-gage inserted between the plates. Y free BMG engineering stress-strain curves show a plastic behavior consisting of successive sudden stress drops and linear reloading segments. A detailed analysis of these features was performed to yield a correlation between the plastic deformation steps and the released elastic energy associated with each serration.     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO₂含量下Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈由Ca₂ Fe₂O₅和CaTiO₃反应生成,即CaO和Fe₂O₃反应生成Ca₂ Fe₂O₅;其后,与CaTiO₃反应生成Ca₃TiFe₂O₈.反应时间越长,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现CaO含量越高,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈越易于生成,而且等摩尔Fe₂O₃和CaO下只要存在TiO₂,就会有Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成.      

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

Magnetocaloric Effect of Ni56Mn18.8Ga24.5 Gd0.7 Alloy

Inrecent years materials with high magnetocaloriceffect (MCE) have attracted considerable attention ow-ingto its potential application as a magnetic refriger-ant .Many material systemsthat underwentthefirst-or-der magnetic transition have been found to exhibit agiant MCE. Their typical representatives areGd5(SixGe1 -x)4[1 ,2]and La (FexSi1 -x)13[3 ,4]alloys .Ni MnGa is aferromagnetic shaped memory alloy whichundergoes a reversible first-order structural phase tran-sition (SPT) with the …     

Al2O3-V2O5体系的热力学优化

在对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系相图、热力学数据以及晶体结构数据进行综述与评估的基础上,采用相图计算方法对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系进行热力学优化.液相采用修正的似化学模型进行描述,利用对近似处理液相中存在的短程有序.将液相模型的最大短程有序设置在AlVO₄处,将VO₄3-当作液相中V₂O₅的基本组成单元.体系中AlVO₄相看作线性化合物.计算结果很好的重现了选定的实验数据,获得了一套合理、可靠、自洽的模型参数用来描述体系中各相的热力学性质,为Al₂O₃负载V₂O₅型催化剂催化性能的提高打下坚实的基础.