真空冷冻干燥过程参数对扇贝冻干升华干燥时间的影响

通过采用二次正交回归组合试验,建立了真空冷冻干燥升华时间和单位厚度升华时间的二次多元回归模型,利用降维法分析了真空冷冻干燥过程中物料厚度、干燥室压强和加热板温度三个主要过程参数对扇贝真空冷冻干燥升华干燥时间的影响。结果表明,物料厚度、干燥室压强和加热板温度对冻干时间影响呈二次函数规律变化,影响的主次因素依次为：物料厚度、干燥室压强、加热板温度。对单位厚度冻干时间进行岭嵴分析,给出了在本试验三因素取值范围内的冻干过程优化参数：物料厚度为9mm;干燥室压强为50Pa;加热板温度为39℃,优化的物料单位厚度升华干燥时间为0.146h。     

真空冷冻干燥升华干燥时间的实验研究

本文以扇贝为研究对象,采用二次正交回归组合试验,建立了真空冷冻干燥升华时间和单位厚度升华时间的二次多元回归模型,利用降维法分析了干燥室压强、物料厚度和加热板温度三个主要过程参数对真空冷冻升华干燥时间的影响。结果表明,干燥室压强、物料厚度和加热板温度对升华干燥时间影响显著,呈二次函数规律变化,影响的主次因素依次为:物料厚度、干燥室压强、加热板温度。对单位厚度升华干燥时间进行岭嵴分析,给出了在本试验三因素取值范围内的冻干过程优化参数:干燥室压强为50Pa;物料厚度为9mm;加热板温度为39℃,优化的物料单位厚度升华干燥时间为0.146h。     

真空冷冻干燥升华干燥时间的实验研究

以扇贝为研究对象，采用二次正交回归组合试验，建立了真空冷冻干燥升华时间和单位厚度升华时间的二次多元回归模型；利用降维法分析了干燥室压强、物料厚度和加热板温度三个主要过程参数对真空冷冻升华干燥时间的影响。结果表明，干燥室压强、物料厚度和加热板温度对升华干燥时间影响显著，呈二次函数规律变化，影响的主次因素依次为：物料厚度、干燥室压强、加热板温度。对单位厚度升华干燥时间进行岭嵴分析，给出了在本试验三因素取值范围内的冻干过程优化参数：干燥室压强为50Pa；物料厚度为9mm；加热板温度为39℃，优化的物料单位厚度升华干燥时间为0.146h。     

冻干香蕉过程参数优化的研究

对香蕉冻干生产工艺中的物料厚度、冻结方法、加热板温度、干燥室真空度等过程参数进行比较试验，结果表明：各过程参数的不同处理水平对香蕉冻干品质量和产量均有显著的影响。香蕉物料厚度取5nml～7mm，采用速冻方法冻结，加热板温度设定45℃，干燥室真空度控制于20Pa～30Pa范围，是香蕉冻干过程参数较佳的工艺条件。     

变温变压的优化组合对扇贝真空冷冻干燥过程影响的实验研究

为了获得调压调温的优化组合对栉孔扇贝真空冷冻干燥过程的品质、能耗和时间的综合影响,在前期研究的基础上,本文对两次变温和一次变压的温度和压力组合参数进行了五因素四水平的正交组合试验,并以能耗、冻干时间和复水率等三指标的综合加权平分值为指标,得出了各温度和压力条件影响冻干能耗及品质的主次关系为:加热板高温2>干燥室低压>加热板高温1>加热板低温>干燥室高压,各因素的最佳组合是加热板高温1为42℃,高温2为30℃,干燥室低压为25Pa,加热板低温为25℃,干燥室高压为80 Pa,在这个优化组合工艺条件下,扇贝的复水率达到83.7%,与16组实验中的最佳相比,复水率提高了12.20%,能耗下降了2.17%,干燥时间缩短了20%。     

苹果冷冻干燥工艺参数的试验研究

文章确定了苹果冷冻干燥工艺参数,以提高冻干效率和降低冻干苹果成本。通过单因素试验与3因素5水平的通用旋转组合设计,研究了干燥室压力、物料厚度和加热板温度等因素对生产率和耗电量两个指标的影响;建立了各指标与试验因子之间的回归数学模型;最后利用多目标非线性优化理论与方法,在保证苹果干燥品质的情况下,得到了苹果冷冻干燥的最优工艺参数,干燥室压力25Pa,物料厚度12mm,加热板温度36.5℃。     

苹果冷冻干燥过程的实验研究

本对苹果的冷冻干燥过程进行了实验研究,分析了冻干曲线的特征,比较了降温速率、真空度、加热板温度以及冷阱温度对冷冻干燥和冻干品质量的影响,对实际冷冻干燥生产具有一定的指导作用。     

瓶装物料的冷冻干燥过程研究

本文以脱脂牛奶为物料，进行了瓶装物料的冷冻干燥实验，分析了所得冻干曲线的特征，探索了加热温度、辐射温度与冻干室压强对冻干过程的影响规律，进而对冻干机理和物料温度的监测进行阐述，得到了加热温度与辐射温度相同时恒温恒压操作的最佳参数（３２３Ｋ、３０Ｐａ）并提出了一些强化冻干过程的措施。本研究对实际冻干生产有一定的指导作用，也为瓶装物料的二维理论模型研究提供了基础。     

热风真空组合干燥对黄芪品质的影响及工艺优化研究北大核心CSCD

为解决黄芪加工过程中药效成分流失问题,使用热风真空组合干燥技术加工鲜黄芪以提高干燥品质。以色泽度、总黄酮含量、干燥时间为指标,进行单因素试验,研究切片厚度、热风温度、中间转换点含水率、真空温度对黄芪品质的影响规律;使用Central-Composite响应面法和综合评分法,建立二次回归数学模型,分析获取优化工艺参数。结果表明,各影响因素对黄芪品质的影响主次顺序:真空温度>切片厚度>中间转换点含水率>热风温度。最佳工艺参数:切片厚度4.86 mm,热风温度52℃,转换点含水率35%,真空温度69℃,在此条件下色差值为9.89,总黄酮含量为0.78 mg/g,干燥时间105 min,综合评分63.69。研究结果可为黄芪的干燥加工工艺提供参考。     

扇贝真空冷冻干燥过程中变温变压工艺的研究

以栉孔扇贝闭壳肌为实验材料,在冻干过程中采用两次变温和一次变压的过程参数调节法进行冻干实验,结果表明:第一次变温时的物料中心温度对冻干样品的复水率和能耗是有影响的,当物料中心温度为1℃时进行第一次变温调节,样品的复水率和复水速度最快,品质最好,且干燥能耗也最少.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.