短切SiC纤维含量对SiC_(sf)/LAS复合材料性能的影响

用热压烧结法制备了不同纤维含量的SiCsf/LAS玻璃陶瓷复合材料,研究了该复合材料的微观结构、力学性能和微波介电性能。结果表明:随着SiC纤维含量的增加,SiCsf/LAS材料的抗弯强度先增加后降低,最大值为104MPa。由于碳界面层的形成,SiCsf/LAS比LAS具有更高的介电常数。当SiC短切纤维的质量分数为1.5%时,SiCsf/LAS复合材料介电常数具有最大值,其实部ε′和虚部ε″均值分别为48和66,并具有明显的频散效应。     

C涂层对SiC纤维介电性能的影响

以丙烯(C3H6)和氮气(N2)为反应气,用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)法在SiC纤维表面制备了热解碳层。考察了碳层厚度对纤维介电性能、反应气中C3H6体积分数对碳层微观结构及纤维介电性能的影响。结果表明,沉积100nm厚碳层后,纤维复介电常数实部由76.4～73.8增加到176.9～174.3,虚部由67.5～66.0增加到214.7～210.2。但碳层厚度进一步增大到200nm后,介电常数的增加不多。当C3H6体积分数由0.6降为0.45时,碳层结构有序化程度降低,晶粒变粗大,纤维介电常数实部由176.9～174.3降为156.4～153.7,虚部由214.7～210.2降为194.5～189.6。     

纤维氧化处理对SiCsf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

以Y2O3、Al2O3为烧结助剂,采用无压烧结法制备短碳化硅纤维(2～4mm)增强碳化硅(ShortSiCfiberreinforcedSiCcomposite,SiCsf/SiC)复合材料,研究了纤维氧化处理对SiCsf/SiC复合材料结构及力学性能的影响。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)以及力学性能试验机对材料进行结构表征和力学性能测试。结果表明:纤维氧化处理后,复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性均有大幅提高。当纤维含量达到5wt%时,复合材料断裂韧性为5.41MPa.m1/2,与原始纤维增强SiC样品相比,提高了6.5%;与无纤维增强SiC样品相比,提高了27%。扫描电镜显示纤维氧化处理后,纤维与基体结合紧密。     

C_(sf)/Al_2O_3复合材料的力学性能和介电性能

采用无压烧结的方法制备了短切碳纤维/氧化铝(Csf/Al2O3)复合材料,研究了短切碳纤维含量变化对复合材料洛氏硬度、抗弯强度及微波介电性能的影响。结果表明:短切碳纤维在氧化铝基体中分散均匀,呈明显的各向异性。随着短切碳纤维含量的增加,复合材料的致密度和洛氏硬度HRA都明显降低,而试样的抗弯强度则先升高后降低。当纤维含量为0.25%时,试样抗弯强度达到最大值285 MPa,相比纯氧化铝基体提高了43.2%。在8.2~12.4 GHz频率范围的复介电常数测试结果表明,复介电常数的实部和虚部随碳纤维含量的增加先逐渐上升,当碳纤维含量从0.5%增加到0.65%时,试样的介电常数实部和虚部都显著降低,这主要是由于试样的致密度急剧下降造成的。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚苯硫醚管复合材料的电磁性能

采用熔融共混法制备了多壁碳纳米管/聚苯硫醚复合材料,研究了在0.5~18 GHz频段,不同碳纳米管含量对复合材料电磁性能的影响。结果表明,介电常数实部与虚部随着碳纳米管含量的增加而增大, 介电常数实部在测量范围内随频率的增加而减小, 具有明显的频响特性;复合材料的磁导率随多壁碳纳米管含量的增加变化不明显, 呈弱磁性;通过对复合材料反射衰减的计算发现,当吸收层匹配厚度为2 mm 时,复合材料在0.5~18 GHz频段具有较好的微波吸收性能;当碳纳米管含量为7 %（质量分数,下同）时,反射衰减最大达- 31.5 dB ,反射衰减小于- 10 dB的频宽为2.2 GHz。     

低压化学气相渗透法制备2.5维SiCf/SiC复合材料

采用低压化学气相渗透法制备了具有和不具有热解炭界面层的2.5维连续SiC纤维增强的SiC复合材料(SiCf/SiC).SiC纤维的体积分数为30%和41%.所制备复合材料的气孔率为20%左右.当纤维为30%时,沉积有0.1 μm热解炭界面层的复合材料的弯曲强度由未加热解炭界面层的232MPa增加到328MPa,而且材料由灾难性断裂转变为非灾难性断裂.在同一制备条件下,纤维体积分数为41%的SiCf/SiC比30%的SiCf/SiC具有更高的气孔率.纤维为41%时,热解炭界面层厚度为0.1 μm的SiCf/SiC的弯曲强度只有244MPa,但是它具有更高的韧性和更长的纤维拔出长度.     

碳化硅/氮化硅/聚丙烯复合材料的制备及介电性能研究

通过在聚丙烯(PP)中填充不同体积的氮化硅和碳化硅等导热填料,制备出系列Si3N4/SiC/PP复合材料,对复合材料的介电性能进行了测试及分析。实验结果表明,填充加碳化硅和氮化硅填料后均能提高PP的介电常数,碳化硅比氮化硅更有利于PP复合材料介电常数的增加。在PP体积比固定为50%的Si_3N_4/SiC/PP复合材料中,当填料体积比Si_3N_4∶SiC=1∶4时,其介电常数最大达到16.4,介电损耗在0.03左右。通过在聚合物基体中添加导热性陶瓷填料,能够迅速提高聚合物的介电性能,制备具有高介电常数和低介电损耗的陶瓷/聚合物复合材料。     

竹炭/SiC复合材料结构及其吸波性能

以Si粉、竹炭为原料,采用包埋法制备具有类蜂窝结构的竹炭(bamboo carbon,BC)/SiC复合材料。结果表明:BC/SiC复合材料主要由β–SiC相、少量α–SiC相和非晶碳组成。BC/SiC复合材料呈蜂巢状多孔结构,孔内壁分布着直径大小不同、相互熔结连接的SiC三维聚集体结构层,其断裂韧性为18.8 MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为34.5 MPa。BC/SiC复合材料形成的两相界面,提高了BC/SiC复合材料的吸波性能:介电常数实部最大值为9.14,虚部最大值为2.06;样品厚度为2.5 mm时,在10.7 GHz处,最低反射系数为–10.16 dB;反射系数–8 dB的有效吸收带宽达2.1 GHz。     

竹炭/SiC复合材料结构及其吸波性能

以Si粉、竹炭为原料,采用包埋法制备具有类蜂窝结构的竹炭(bamboo carbon,BC)/SiC复合材料。结果表明:BC/SiC复合材料主要由β–SiC相、少量α–SiC相和非晶碳组成。BC/SiC复合材料呈蜂巢状多孔结构,孔内壁分布着直径大小不同、相互熔结连接的SiC三维聚集体结构层,其断裂韧性为18.8 MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为34.5 MPa。BC/SiC复合材料形成的两相界面,提高了BC/SiC复合材料的吸波性能:介电常数实部最大值为9.14,虚部最大值为2.06;样品厚度为2.5 mm时,在10.7 GHz处,最低反射系数为–10.16 dB;反射系数–8 dB的有效吸收带宽达2.1 GHz。     

竹炭/SiC复合材料结构及其吸波性能

以Si粉、竹炭为原料,采用包埋法制备具有类蜂窝结构的竹炭(bamboo carbon,BC)/SiC复合材料。结果表明:BC/SiC复合材料主要由β–SiC相、少量α–SiC相和非晶碳组成。BC/SiC复合材料呈蜂巢状多孔结构,孔内壁分布着直径大小不同、相互熔结连接的SiC三维聚集体结构层,其断裂韧性为18.8 MPa·m1/2,弯曲强度为34.5 MPa。BC/SiC复合材料形成的两相界面,提高了BC/SiC复合材料的吸波性能:介电常数实部最大值为9.14,虚部最大值为2.06;样品厚度为2.5 mm时,在10.7 GHz处,最低反射系数为–10.16 dB;反射系数–8 dB的有效吸收带宽达2.1 GHz。     

Thermal and dielectric properties of low-density polyethylene/NaA zeolite composites

The effect of the weight fraction of NaA zeolite on thermal properties (specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity) and dielectric properties (electrical conductivity, real and imaginary electric permittivity) of composites based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and NaA zeolite is examined. Composite samples containing from 5 to 30 wt% zeolite are prepared using the compression molding technique. The degree of dispersion and the weight fraction of filler in the LDPE/NaA zeolite composites are determined using X-ray diffraction. A linear decrease in the values of the specific heat capacity with an increase in the weight fraction of zeolite is observed using differential scanning calorimetry. The laser flash method is used to determine the thermal diffusivity of the composites. An increase in effective thermal diffusivity and abrupt increase in the range from 15 to 20 wt% of zeolite are established. It is demonstrated that effective thermal conductivity increases with an increase in the weight fraction of zeolite, and an abrupt increase in the range from 15 to 20 wt% is observed. Dielectric spectroscopy measurements are performed to determine the real and imaginary parts of permittivity. An increase of real and imaginary parts of permittivity of LDPE/NaA zeolite composites, with increasing weight fraction of zeolite, is established. Two relaxation peaks of the imaginary parts of permittivity of LDPE/NaA zeolite composites are detected. An increase of electrical conductivity with increasing weight fraction of zeolite and abrupt increase in the range 15 to 20 wt% are noticed. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.     

碳纤维/玻璃纤维复合纤维毡的介电和吸波性能

考察了碳纤维/玻璃纤维复合并浇注硅溶胶制成的纤维毡的介电和吸波性能。结果表明:碳纤维的分散对复合材料的介电性能有很大影响。复合材料的介电常数随着碳纤维含量的增加而增加,随频率的增加而降低,具有明显的频响效应。复合材料具有明显的双峰吸收性能,且最高吸收峰随着厚度的增加向低频移动。当w(碳纤维)=1%,复合材料厚度为6、7、8 mm时,反射率小于-10 dB的频段分别为4.2~10.5、3.9~9.3、3.8~7.7 GHz。     

热压条件对短切SiCf/LAS复合材料介电/力学性能的影响

采用热压烧结法制备出致密度超过90%的短切SiCf增强LAS玻璃陶瓷基复合材料,讨论了热压温度与压力对复合材料性能的影响。力学测试表明,当热压温度由1200℃上升到1280℃,复合材料断裂强度从124MPa下降到80MPa,断裂韧性从3.27MPa.m1/2下降到2.92MPa.m1/2;当热压压力由20MPa提高到34MPa,复合材料断裂强度从124MPa下降到86MPa,断裂韧性从3.27MPa.m1/2下降到3.00MPa.m1/2。断口形貌SEM观察结果表明,因纤维掺入过量,φ(SiCf)=36%,使纤维与基体结合较差;而过高的热压温度与压力会使界面反应加剧,破坏纤维强度及纤维与基体的结合。介电性能测试表明,在8～12GHz频率,复合材料复介电常数的实部ε′由基体的7.6增大到10～70,虚部ε″由基体的0.34增大到60～160,介电损耗tgδ由基体的0.04增大到2～20,并具有明显的频散效应。而且,随热压温度升高或者热压压力的增加,复合材料ε′增大,而ε″与tgδ减小。复合材料具有成为电损耗型宽带微波吸收材料的潜力。     

Microwave dielectric properties of polytetrafluoroethylene‐polyacrylate composite films made via aerosol deposition

Few studies have examined the deposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) using additive manufacturing and their subsequent properties in microwave devices. The present study examines polytetrafluoroethylene‐polyacrylate (PTFE‐PA) composite films made via aerosol deposition to assess the potential use of PTFE in additive manufacturing processes. The composites are composed of PTFE‐PA core ? shell nanoparticles, synthesized using a seeded emulsion polymerization, containing various PTFE weight fractions up to 50%. The synthesized nanoparticles were sprayed onto a heated glass substrate and subsequently annealed at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of PA and below that of PTFE, rendering a solid film approximately 40 µm thick. A cavity perturbation resonance technique was employed to determine the complex permittivity of the films. As the volume fraction of PTFE increased, the real part of the permittivity ?′ decreased while the imaginary part of the permittivity ?″ showed little variation. The results demonstrate a promising approach for incorporating PTFE into additive manufacturing processes, particularly for microwave devices. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of alkali treatment on properties of unidirectional isora fibre reinforced epoxy composites

Abstract

Unidirectional isora fibre reinforced epoxy composites were prepared by compression moulding. Isora is a natural bast fibre separated from Helicteres isora plant by retting process. The effect of alkali treatment on the properties of the fibre was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), IR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength of the composites containing untreated and alkali treated fibres have been studied as a function of fibre loading. The optimum fibre loading for tensile properties of the untreated fibre composite was found to be 49% by volume and for flexural properties the loading was optimised at ～45%. Impact strength of the composite increased with increase in fibre loading and remained constant at a fibre loading of 54·5%. Alkali treated fibre composite showed improved thermal and mechanical properties compared to untreated fibre composite. From dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) studies it was observed that the alkali treated fibre composites have higher E' and low tan δ maximum values compared to untreated fibre composites. From swelling studies in methyl ethyl ketone it was observed that the mole percentage of uptake of the solvent by the treated fibre composites is less than that by the untreated fibre composites. From these results it can be concluded that in composites containing alkalised fibres there is enhanced interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the matrix leading to better properties, compared to untreated fibre composites.     

Enhanced microwave absorbing properties of lightweight films based on polyaniline/aliphatic polyurethane composites in X band

Polymer blends based on nanostructured polyaniline (PANI) doped with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and para‐toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) introduced into aliphatic polyurethane matrix (PU) are synthesized to produce flexible thin composite films for microwave absorbers. The effects of dopant type, PANI content and film thickness on morphologies, dielectric and microwave absorption properties in the X‐band are studied. It reveals that real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity are proportional to filler concentrations and type of doped PANI. The PANI‐PTSA/PU films show higher permittivity and better microwave absorbing properties than PANI‐HCl/PU for the same weight fraction of PANI. The minimum reflection loss RL_(dB) values for the PANI‐PTSA/PU are ?37 dB at (20% PANI and 11.6 GHz) and ?30 dB at (15% PANI and 11.3 GHz) for thicknesses of 1.2 and 1.6 mm, respectively. These high values of reflection losses make the obtained lightweight and flexible composites promising radar absorbing materials (RAM). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40961.     

AlN/碳掺杂氮化硼纳米管复相陶瓷的制备及性能

将1%～10%(体积分数)碳掺杂氮化硼纳米管(carbon-doped boron nitride nanotubes,BCN-nt)引入到纳米AlN中,采用放电等离子烧结得到致密的AlN/BCN-nt复相陶瓷。结果表明:适当提高烧结温度能使AlN晶粒充分长大,提高AlN晶粒完整性并有效去除结构中的氧杂质,因而显著改善了引入BCN-nt对热导率的劣化。在Kα波段(26.5～40.0GHz),随BCN-nt含量的增加,材料的介电常数实部和虚部都呈现逐渐增大的趋势,损耗因子也逐渐增加。提高烧结温度对介电常数影响不大,而过高的温度使介电常数虚部明显下降。适当的BCN-nt含量和烧结温度能够在提供稳定的介电损耗同时兼顾较高的热导率。     

The microstructure and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of near-stoichiometric SiC fibre

The microstructure and electromagnetic (EM) properties of near-stoichiometric SiC fibres (with C/Si ratio of 1.125) were analyzed and evaluated in detail. The SiC fibres consisted of β-SiC nanocrystallines and free carbon, and exhibited a uniquely specific skin-core structure with thin carbon layer of 5 nm on their surfaces. The relative complex permittivity increased with the increasing fibre volume fraction from 13 vol% to 27.5 vol%. The imaginary part of permittivity increased from 1.36 to 2.13 at 10 GHz, due to more SiC nanocrystallines and interfaces generating. The EM wave absorption properties were enhanced by the increasing fibre volume fraction and the effective absorption bandwidth was approximately 2.6 GHz when the fibre volume fraction was 27.5 vol%.