裂叶荨麻醇提物体外抗氧化及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的研究

以裂叶荨麻为原料,用70%乙醇对其进行提取,以醇提物为研究对象,测定其黄酮含量。以抗环血酸(VC)为阳性对照,通过测定1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)清除率、羟基自由基(·OH)清除率及总还原力来评价裂叶荨麻醇提物体外抗氧化能力;以对硝基苯-α-D葡萄糖吡喃苷(4-Nitrophenylα-D-glucopyranoside,PNPG)为底物,研究裂叶荨麻醇提物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果表明,裂叶荨麻醇提物中黄酮含量为12.09 mg/g;对DPPH自由基的最大清除率为92.76%,半抑制浓度(IC50)为9.960μg/mL,对羟基自由基的最大清除率为98.05%,IC50值为1.123 mg/mL,总还原力随醇提物浓度的增加而增强;对α-葡萄糖苷酶的最大抑制率为59.06%,IC50值为31.598 mg/mL。结果表明裂叶荨麻醇提物具有明确的体外抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,有望开发成为抗氧化降糖功能性食品。     

裂叶荨麻体外降糖活性化学成分

目的:研究裂叶荨麻体外降糖活性及化学成分。方法:利用活性追踪法,通过α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用比较裂叶荨麻根、茎、叶体外降糖活性,比较根不同极性溶剂萃取相的体外活性。通过硅胶色谱、重结晶进行分离纯化,根据理化性质及波谱数据鉴定化合物结构,再评价其体外活性成分。结果:裂叶荨麻根乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相体外降糖活性最强,IC₅₀值为8.499 mg/mL,从中分离出6个化合物,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇、对羟基肉桂酸甲酯、正十六烷酸、对甲氧基苯甲醛、反式-对羟基肉桂酸、胡萝卜苷。化合物反式-对羟基肉桂酸和胡萝卜苷对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性较强,其IC₅₀值分别为5.234、1.693 mg/mL。结论:裂叶荨麻根乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相中的化学成分体外降糖活性较为明显。     

ANTIOXIDANT PROFILES OF CORBARA SMALL TOMATOES DURING RIPENING AND EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACTS ON J774 CELL ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES

The influence of ripening on the antioxidant profile of Corbara small tomatoes was studied in fruit at five different ripening stages. An increase in the content of both carotenoids and flavonoids was observed during ripening. At the "deep red"stage (StIV) fruit had an average carotenoid content 58% higher than that of the "ripe"stage (StIII) which is the usual harvest time for markets. Carotenoid concentrations parallel the value of lipophilic amioxidant activity while the aqueous/methanol antioxidant activity was not correlated with total flavonoid content. The effect of antioxidants extracted from stage IV tomato was assayed on an oxidative-stressed culture of macrophages by measuring the activity of the antioxidant enzymes. An aqueous extract containing the pool of hydrophilic antioxidants was prepared. The antioxidant effects of this pool were compared with the same effect produced by a mixture of standard compounds constituted by the main tomato hydrophilic antioxidants. Results demonstrate that the efficacy of Corbarino aqueous extract on this cell system is higher than that of reconstituted mixture .     

Antioxidant Activity of Ipomoea batatas L. Lam. Leaf Grown in Continental Croatia and Its Effect on Glutathione Level in Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress

Ethanolic and aqueous extract of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. leaf grown in Croatia were prepared. Antioxidant activity of the extracts, as well as their effect on intracellular glucose-induced oxidative stress, was determined. Antioxidant activity was assayed by DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power, activity in β-carotene-linoleic acid assay, and superoxide dismutase-like activity. In addition to being richer in phenols and flavonoids than aqueous extract, ethanolic extract also demonstrated superior antioxidant activity in all the assays. In a concentration of 10 μg/ml, both extracts were able to significantly increase intracellular glutathione levels.     

苦瓜水提物抑菌作用的初步探讨

测定分析了苦瓜水提物时十种常见食品污染微生物的抑茵活性.结果表明,苦瓜水提物时金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏茵、大肠杆茵、枯草杆菌等受试细菌具有良好的抑制作用,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏茵等致病茵的抑制效果显著;苦瓜水提物对受试霉茵米曲霉、黑曲霉、桔青霉以及受试酵母啤酒酵母、粘红酵母、假丝酵母的抑制作用较弱.     

苦瓜水提物与山梨酸钾抑菌作用的比较

测定和比较了苦瓜水提物和山梨酸钾对几种常见食品污染微生物的抑菌活性.结果表明,苦瓜水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌等受试细菌具有良好的抑制作用,尤其对金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等致病菌具有显著抑制效果,抑制效果远强于山梨酸钾;苦瓜水提物对受试霉构菌米曲霉和黑曲霉以及受试酵母啤酒酵母和黏红酵母显示了较弱的抑制作用,抑制效果远低于山梨酸钾.     

Effects of Urtica dioica and Hibiscus sabdariffa on the quality and safety of sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage)

In this study, the effect of Urtica dioica, Hibiscus sabdariffa butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT) and nitrite/nitrate on the quality (pH, Hunter L-, a- and b-value and sensory attributes) and safety [2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value and biogenic amine] were investigated during the ripening periods of sucuk (Turkish dry-fermented sausage). During the first 2 days of ripening, pH values decreased (P<0.05) rapidly from 5.78 to about 4.49. pH values of batters were not significantly (P<0.05) affected by the addition of nitrite/nitrate, BHT, U. dioica, H. sabdariffa. TBARS values increased from 0.52 to about 0.95mg/kg significantly (P<0.05) during the first 4 days in control, and H. sabdariffa added batters. The highest (P<0.05) histamine concentration was determined in the control batter prepared without antioxidant. U. dioica was more effective (P<0.05) on decreasing histamine and putrescine concentration than the other antioxidants. Putrescine concentration in batters increased (P<0.05) from 1.13 to about 15.34mg/kg during the first 4 days. Tyramine concentration increased significantly (P<0.05) during the ripening period from 5.55 to 103.93mg/kg. The control batter had the highest (P<0.05) tyramine concentration about 50.21mg/kg. Hunter L-values were not affected (P>0.05) from ripening time and addition of antioxidants into batter. The Hunter a-value increased (P<0.05) during the ripening periods, however, b-values decreased (P<0.05) from 12.58 to about 10.53. Overall sensory quality evaluated from color, flavor and ease of cutting scores increased (P<0.05) from 3.25 to about 9.00.     

茶薪菇酚类提取物的抗氧化功效评价

目的:研究茶薪菇提取物的酚类物质对体外和体内抗氧化活性的影响.方法:在分析茶薪菇水提物、丙酮提取物、乙醇提取物的总酚、总糖含量以及体外抗氧化的基础上,以阿魏酸、维生素E为阳性对照组,以生理盐水为空白对照组,检测连续灌胃10 d茶薪菇水提物[以总酚含量计,12 mg/(kg bw·d)]对正常小鼠的抗氧化功效,采用D-半...     

狭叶荨麻醇提物的体外抗氧化及抗炎活性

为了开发利用狭叶荨麻资源,本研究以狭叶荨麻为原料,对其醇提物的体外抗氧化及抗炎活性进行了研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对提取条件进行了优化,得到最佳提取条件为提取时间114 min、料液比1:15、乙醇浓度为64%,所得醇提物得率(10.00±0.26)%,该狭叶荨麻醇提物中活性物质含量总酚(160.77±0.01)mg/g、总黄酮(366.85±0.05)mg/g、原花青素(7.81±0.01)mg/g、皂苷(516.76±0.04)mg/g、生物碱(2.01±0.02)mg/g。在优化条件下进行了提取,分别采用抗坏血酸(Vc)、双氯芬酸钠作抗氧化、抗炎阳性对照,对所得狭叶荨麻醇提物进行总还原力、清除DPPH·、清除·OH及抑制透明质酸酶、抑制白蛋白变性活性评价。该狭叶荨麻醇提物总还原力高于Vc,且量效关系比Vc更明显(p0.001),EC50为0.04 mg/m L;清除DPPH·、清除·OH活性比Vc好,IC50分别是0.02 mg/m L、1.87 mg/m L;抑制透明质酸酶、抑制白蛋白变性活性与双氯芬酸钠相近,IC50分别是2.43 mg/m L,0.31mg/m L。     

狭叶荨麻叶中荨麻皂苷的提取与鉴定研究

以狭叶荨麻叶为原料,采用乙醇提取,经液-液萃取、正丁醇萃取部分用D101型大孔吸附树脂和硅胶柱色谱等方法分离纯化,得到一种甾体皂苷,并通过化学与光谱手段初步鉴定为胡萝卜苷。     

小新塔花水提物对小鼠镇静催眠及免疫功能的影响

本文研究了小新塔花水提物对小鼠镇静催眠及免疫功能的影响。实验用不同剂量的小新塔花水提物作用于小鼠,观察记录小鼠自发活动次数,采用阈剂量戊巴比妥钠睡眠实验法和阈下剂量戊巴比妥钠诱导小鼠睡眠实验,观察小新塔花水提物镇静催眠作用。用分光光度法、酶联免疫法、称重法及观察法研究小新塔花水提物对小鼠免疫功能的影响和急性毒性试验。结果表明,与正常对照组相比,小新塔花水提物中、高剂量组对小鼠走动次数、举双前肢数、入睡数和睡眠时间的影响差异显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01),且呈剂量依赖效应;小新塔花水提物3个剂量组的小鼠胸腺指数、脾脏指数、血清酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、溶菌酶(LYZ)活性及免疫球蛋白(Ig G)含量均有所增加,且大都差异显著(p0.05)或极显著(p0.01);小新塔花水提物毒性小,安全范围大。结果提示,小新塔花水提物具有明显的镇静催眠、增强免疫功能作用。     

Floristische Aufnahme von Wildgehegen im Rheinland zur Ermittlung der von wiederk?uenden Schalenwildarten verschm?hten Pflanzen

Zusammenfassung Mitgeteilt werden die Ergebnisse einer floristischen Aufnahme von 9 Wildgehegen mit 26 Einzelgehegen, in denen die Wilddichte des Schalenwildes zwischen 0,5 bis über 10 Stück pro ha lag. 45 Arten aus 20 Pflanzenfamilien waren äußerst gering oder nicht verbissen, an der Spitze Brennessel (Urtica dioica L.), Distel (Carduus aranthoides L.) und Seggenarten (Carex), siehe Tabelle 3.Die Ursachen für die Ablehnung durch das Wild werden erörtert. Danach scheint die morphologisch bedingte Abwehrwirkung am stärksten zu sein.Die Untersuchungen wurden u. a. mit dem Ziel durchgeführt, von Wild verschmähte Pflanzen zu finden, die sich für Rand- und Mittelstreifen von Verkehrswegen zur Verminderung von Wildverlusten durch den Straßenverkehr eignen.Die Ergebnisse lassen auch die Grenzen für eine Brachlandnutzung durch Damwild erkennen.

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Summary The paper presents the results of a survey of the flora in 9 game reserves with 26 individual enclosures in which the density of the cloven-hoofed game population lay between 0.5 and 10 beasts per ha. 45 species from 20 plant families were eaten either not at all or only exceedingly little, the main ones being stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.), thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) and sedges (Carex). See Table 3. The causes of the rejection by game are discussed. The most probable appears to be the effect of protection based on plant morphology.The research was carried out with the aim, amongst other things, of finding plants ignored by game but suitable for planting on the verges and central reservations of roadways in order to reduce the numbers of game killed by traffic. The results show also the extent to which fallow deer make use of uncropped farmland.

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Résumé Sont communiqués les résultats d'un relevé floristique dans neuf parcs à gibier constitués de 26 enclos dans lesquels la densité variait entre 0,5 et 10 têtes par ha. 45 espèces appartenant à 20 familles étaient extrêmement peu pas consommées, en particulier l' Ortille (Urtica dioica L.), le Chardon (Carduus acanthoides L.) et les Carex (voir Tableau 3).En conclusion d'une discussion sur les causes de désaffection de ces plantes par le gibier, il semble que l'effet répulsif lié; à la morphologie de la plante soit le plus déterminant.Un des objectifs de ces recherches consiste, notamment, à établir une liste de plantes qui, en raison de leur désaffection, se prêtent le mieux pour couvrir les bermes centrales et les accotements de routes en vue de réduire les risques de collision entre véhicules et gibiers.Ces résultats montrent aussi les limites d'une utilisation des espaces incultes par le Daim.

     

Polyphenolic compositions and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitory properties of common green leafy vegetables: A comparative study

This study compared the phenolic compositions of common green leafy vegetable extracts from Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Telfairia occidentalis (TO), Talinium triangulare (TT), and Amaranthus hybridus (AH) and their effects on the angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) and cisplatin-induced malonylaldehyde (MDA) production in an isolated rat kidney homogenate. HPLC confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds in the extracts. Furthermore, all extracts inhibited ACE activity dosedependently; however, the extract from VA exhibited the highest ACE activity while TT exhibited the least. Incubation of the kidney homogenate with 1mM cisplatin caused an increase in MDA production; however, all the extracts inhibited the level of MDA produced. Nevertheless, VA extract exhibited the highest inhibition. These activities of the vegetable extracts could be attributed to their phenolic compositions and may suggest some possible mechanism of the actions. However, VA appeared to be the most potent among the vegetables tested.     

反枝苋水提物对高脂饮食小鼠的降血脂作用

目的:研究反枝苋水提物调节高脂血症小鼠血脂的功效。方法:通过高脂肪饮食(high fatdiet,HFD)构建高脂血症小鼠模型,随机分为空白对照组(Con)、高脂模型组(Mod)、洛伐他汀组(Lovastatin,10 mg/kg/d)、反枝苋低剂量组(AR-L,430 mg/kg/d)、反枝苋高剂量组(AR-H,740 mg/kg/d)。空白组给予普通饲料喂养,其余各组给予高脂饲料喂养,同时按相应剂量灌胃给药。干预8周后,检测血清中总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low density lipoprotein Cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)水平,肝脏HE染色观察组织病理学变化。结果:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、MDA水平极显著升高(P<0.01),HDL-C、SOD水平极显著降低(P<0.01);与模型组比较,反枝苋高剂量组小鼠的肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、ALT水平极显著降低(P<0.01),SOD、HDL-C水平极显著升高(P<0.01),LDL-C、MDA、AST水平显著降低(P<0.05);与模型比较,反枝苋低剂量组小鼠的肝脏指数以及血清中TC、TG、LDL-C水平显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、HDL-C水平极显著升高(P<0.01),ALT水平极显著降低(P<0.01),MDA、AST水平无显著性差异(P>0.05);HE染色结果显示,反枝苋水提物可明显减轻肝细胞内脂质沉积和肝脏脂肪变性程度。结论:反枝苋水提物能显著降低高脂血症模型小鼠的血脂水平,并能改善其肝功能。     

Effects of 50% Ethanol Extract from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) on α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and the Elevation of Plasma Glucose Level in Rats, and Its Active Compound

ABSTRACT:  Rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) extract with 50% ethanol remarkably inhibited rat intestinal α-glucosidase (sucrase) activity when compared with 31 different herbs and spices (aqueous and 50% ethanol aqueous extracts). Rosemary-distilled extract obtained from 50% ethanol extract by evaporation inhibited α-glucosidase activity in the reaction with both maltose and sucrose. Maltose or sucrose was orally administered, with or without rosemary-distilled extract, to mice at a dose of 20 mg/mouse. A postprandial elevation in plasma glucose levels 30 min after administration of maltose or sucrose plus the distilled extract was significantly suppressed compared with glucose levels in mice that did not receive the distilled extract. A 0.01% aqueous solution of rosemary-distilled extract supplied as drinking water to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice significantly suppressed an increase in plasma glucose levels 4 d after injection of STZ. It was also shown that a 0.01% aqueous solution of the distilled extract inhibited α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase) in the small intestine of STZ-induced diabetic mice. An active compound with IC₅₀ values of 290 μg/mL (maltase inhibitory activity) and 150 μg/mL (sucrase inhibitory activity) was isolated and identified to be 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy flavone (luteolin). These results suggested that rosemary extract might be a beneficial food material in the prevention of diabetes and obesity.     

Antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents in Brazilian green propolis extracts prepared with the use of ethanol and water as solvents in different pH values

Propolis is a natural product with a variable and complex chemical composition associated with its high concentration on polyphenolic compounds. The effect of pH variation (2.0, 3.0, 4.3, 6.0 and 8.0) during aqueous and ethanolic propolis extraction was studied for up to 10 days. Total phenols and flavonoids contents were measured for the extracts by spectrophotometric assays. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) methods. The best time of extraction was up to 5 days for all samples. Basic aqueous extracts (pH 8.0) resulted in a higher concentration of compounds than the extract without pH modification, reaching an increase of 160% in flavonoids and 25% in phenols. Ethanolic extracts with pH variation resulted in an extract with 50% less polyphenols and 6% less flavonoids than extract without pH modification. The antioxidant activity was highest for ethanolic extract at pH 4.3 and aqueous extract at pH 8.0 – almost 90% and 45%, respectively, in DPPH method – and was related to the level of polyphenols by Pearson's correlations.     

Antioxidant activity of Indian propolis and its chemical constituents

We report for the first time the antioxidant activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Indian propolis (AEP and EEP, respectively). The antioxidant activity was measured by chemical and electrochemical assays. Reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were the chemical assays, whereas, cyclic voltammetry was used as the electrochemical assay. In all these assays, AEP showed significantly greater activity over EEP; which is in contradiction with the previous reports of propolis from other countries. This may be due to its higher polyphenol content. Hence aqueous extract may well be a substitute of organic solvent extracts of propolis. Moreover, two flavonoids, pinocembrin (1) and galangin (2) were isolated from EEP; among which (2) showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. Thus Indian propolis, being a rich source of natural antioxidants, may be used in the prevention of various free radicals related diseases.     

Phenolic extracts of carrot,grape leaf and turmeric powder: antioxidant potential and application in biscuits

Natural antioxidants have gained interest for their role in preventing lipids oxidation. The goals of this investigation were to study the antioxidant potential of carrot (Daucus carota), grape (Vitis vinifera) leaf and turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder extracts and to evaluate their addition as natural antioxidants in biscuits. Physical and chemical properties of biscuit were evaluated during processing and storage. Electrophoretic properties of biscuit dough were carried out to understand the impact of different extracts on the processing of biscuits. Biscuits prepared with 1 % (w/w) grape leaves ethanol (70 %) extract (GLE), carrot aqueous extract (CE), and tumeric aqueous extract (TE) were acceptable. Among extracts, TE was found to retain only 11.2 % activity, wherein GLE had retained 51.0 % activity after baking, which was comparable to butylated hydroxyanisole and better than tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). TBHQ was found to possess the highest activity, followed by GLE, TE and CE, respectively. The ash content of biscuits enriched with TE and GLE was near to that of the control sample. Addition of CE, GLE and TBHQ reduced the force required for breakage. After 15 days of storage, PV was increased in all samples, but in the case of GLE-enriched sample there was a sudden increase in PV from 0.034 to 0.374. Supportive electrophoresis study indicated that there was no change in the protein subunits of biscuit dough fro different samples. It could be concluded that GLE, CE and TE might be used in biscuit baking as natural antioxidants.     

山西老陈醋类黑精的分离及其抑菌活性

为探究老陈醋类黑精的抑菌作用,采用超滤和尺寸排阻色谱法将山西老陈醋冻干粉（Shanxi aged vinegarextract,SAVE）分离成不同分子质量的水提物和类黑精部分,采用NaCl解离法将醋类黑精解离为类黑精骨架和小分子复合物两部分,用比浊法测定各组分对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性。结果表明：SAVE中的类黑精具有显著的抑菌活力（P＜0.05）,类黑精对SAVE的抑菌性发挥了主要作用;类黑精中分子质量在3～5 kD的组分抑菌活力最强,其对3 种受试菌的最低抑菌浓度（minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC）均为5 mg/mL;类黑精组成中的小分子复合物比类黑精骨架部分具有更强的抑菌活性。     

In-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of pumpkin,quince, muskmelon and bottle gourd seeds

Ethanol and chloroform extracts of pumpkin, quince, muskmelon, and bottle gourd seeds were studied for in-vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Crude protein and fat contents of all the seeds compared favorably with high protein legumes and high oil containing oilseeds. Ethanol and chloroform extracts of bottle gourd seeds had highest phenolic content. A direct positive relationship between antioxidant activities and extract concentration was observed with the relationship being more pronounced in chloroform extract of quince seeds (R²?=?0.9685 and 0.9829) followed by ethanol extract of pumpkin seeds (R²?=?0.9666 and 0.9685) as per 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) method, respectively. Seed extracts were also studied for in-vitro antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhii, Enterococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Ethanol extract of pumpkin seeds inhibited the growth of all bacteria; however, both the extracts of quince seeds did not show any activity against S. typhii, E. coli and S. aureus.