太阳能采暖在行政办公楼的应用探讨

针对行政办公楼,使用综合能源价格法对太阳能地板采暖与常规热源采暖进了经济效益对比,并对太阳能采暖与生活用热水联合进行了节能、环保效益分析,得出行政办公楼的最优采暖方案.     

小型太阳能采暖建筑节能性能指标简化计算

以小型太阳能采暖建筑本体太阳能利用性能指标为研究对象。基于中国1042个城镇1988—2017年间太阳辐射照度及室外空气温度逐时数据,构建符合居住建筑节能设计标准的小型太阳能采暖建筑的太阳能采暖率（SHF）与太阳能得热负荷比（SLR）关系式。同时,获得全国典型城市计算月透过玻璃的总得热量,为太阳能得热负荷比（SLR）的简化计算提供条件。该研究简化了设计方案初期判断建筑可利用太阳能采暖水平的方法,为建筑一体化设计和助力碳中和战略目标的顺利实施提供了基础支撑。     

北京地区房屋保温评估及冬季采暖与太阳能利用

以北京地区农村房屋结构为研究对象,根据北京地区冬季房屋采暖的要求,对房屋的能量损耗进行评价与分析,并对房屋建筑维护结构进行优化。通过对房屋能耗损失的研究,设计几种不同太阳能光伏发电采暖方案,解决北京市农村地区冬季供暖问题。根据几种太阳能光伏发电采暖方案特点,进行经济分析比较,设计出切实可行的居民取暖方案。利用太阳能光伏发电采暖代替传统农村供暖方式,尽可能减少能源能耗,以及造成的大气污染。     

实用太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖系统设计

针对我国能源消耗结构带来的环境问题,在现有太阳能资源和低温地板辐射采暖理论基础上,设计了家用小型太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖系统。介绍了系统结构和工作原理,并以云南香格里拉气象条件为例对所设计的系统进行了实例计算,在采暖代表日,集热器与采暖房间的面积之比约为2:5。此系统具有较好的经济、节能、环保效益,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

真诚拓市场信誊写春秋

德利太阳能采暖有限公司成立于1997年初,是一家集新能源技术、产品开发研制、生产服务于一体的股份制公司.经过7年的发展,现已发展为占地86 800m2,企业员工268人的中型民营企业,企业拥有一批高中级工程技术人员,主导产品是四季型真空集热管太阳能热水器,节能环保采暖锅炉,光电环保节能产品等.并承揽设计、安装大、中、小型太阳能热水及采暖工程.     

基于FAHP法的城市引水方案比较研究

针对多目标决策方案优选的特点,引入模糊层次分析法构建了模糊层次分析指标体系和模型,以花园口、邙山和南裹头大坝三个引水方案为例,建立了城市引水方案层次结构模型并进行综合评价,优选出邙山引水方案为最优.实例结果表明,该方法合理、实用,可供城市引水方案优选借鉴.     

北方新农村低能耗住宅

介绍了适于北方农村地区应用的低能耗住宅的设计方案,阐述了其工作原理及其使用效果.设计方案充分利用了生物质能和太阳能等可再生能源,设置了利用秸秆进行冬季采暖的地下燃池和太阳能空气集热器.该方案在农村应用,既解决了多余的农作物秸秆利用问题,也节省了采暖费用,在一个采暖期平均每户节约采暖费用1000元.     

太阳能地板采暖系统的初步分析

将太阳能地板采暖与常规散热器采暖进行了对比,根据太阳能集热器在低温工质时工作效率较高,以及地板采暖对水温要求较低的原理,设计出太阳能地板采暖系统,并叙述其工作原理和系统形式.建立2种不同采暖方式的物理模型和数学模型,对其房间温度场的分布进行模拟和比较,可知太阳能地板采暖系统具有舒适性高、室内温度稳定和节约能源等优势.     

AHP-GREY在汽轮机投标项目择优中的应用研究

将层次—灰色关联分析法应用于投标项目的择优决策分析中,并与灰色关联分析法和层次分析法的单一决策方法的计算结果进行了比较,证明了应用综合决策分析方法更贴合实际,为项目品质的优劣建立了排序,从而为投标前期的决策提供参考.     

太阳能采暖技术在挂甲峪新村建设中应用

挂甲峪太阳能采暖系统采用太阳能与生物质能结合的可再生能源利用方案.系统利用新型嵌套式温度分层水箱,采用以水为工质的直接系统,利用回流控制方式解决太阳能采暖的防过热和防冻问题.     

Status and prospects of local solar heating and cooling systems

In this paper, a state-of-the-art of solar heating and cooling systems is presented. Solar air heaters and different types of solar water collectors are discussed in detail. Storage systems including water, rocks, and heat-of-fusion salts are described as are space heating systems employing solar air heaters, in conjunction with rock or heat-of-fusion salt storage, and the use of water collectors plus hot water storage for space heating and domestic hot water. An indication of the commercialization of various space-heating systems and broad economic projections are presented. The three major solar cooling methods—absorption cooling, solar mechanical systems, and those involving humidification-dehumidification cycles—are also discussed in detail. Finally, an overview of solar heating and cooling activities in Kuwait is also given.     

Thermic diode solar panels for space heating

Thermic diode solar panels are a new method of heating buildings using solar energy. Each panel combines all the necessary elements of a complete solar energy system (collector, controls, storage heat exchangers and ducting) into a single module. They have no moving parts and they need no external power. Panal operation is discussed and thermic panels are compared to other typical solar heating systems: air heating, water heating, active and passive. Residential and commercial applications are also discussed.

The performance of thermic panels are compared to conventional solar systems. A computer simulation of thermic panels in a residential space-heating application resulted in predictions of the percentage of solar heat provided by the panels. The predictions are compared to similar analyses of conventional solar systems. Thermic panels did as well or better than conventional systems in the six climate types investigated. However, since their installed cost is less, they are expected to be more economic than conventional solar systems.

Thermic panels improve the economics of flat-plate collectors by their modularity and simplicity. Modularity reduces installation costs and raw materials cost; simplicity reduces maintenance costs. Furthermore, the panels can be integrated into the buildings structure, saving the cost of the wall or roof elements they replace.     

High temperature solar heated seasonal storage system for low temperature heating of buildings

A preliminary study of a solar-heated low-temperature space-heating system with seasonal storage in the ground has been performed. The system performance has been evaluated using the simulation models TRNSYS and MINSUN together with the ground storage module DST. The study implies an economically feasible design for a total annual heat demand of about 2500 MWh. The main objective was to perform a study on Anneberg, a planned residential area of 90 single-family houses with 1080 MWh total heat demand. The suggested heating system with a solar fraction of 60% includes 3000 m² of solar collectors but electrical heaters to produce peak heating. The floor heating system was designed for 30°C supply temperature. The temperature of the seasonal storage unit, a borehole array in crystalline rock of 60,000 m³, varies between 30 and 45°C over the year. The total annual heating costs, which include all costs (including capital, energy, maintenance etc.) associated with the heating system, were investigated for three different systems: solar heating (1000 SEK MWh⁻¹), small-scale district heating (1100 SEK MWh⁻¹) and individual ground-coupled heat pumps (920 SEK MWh⁻¹). The heat loss from the Anneberg storage system was 42% of the collected solar energy. This heat loss would be reduced in a larger storage system, so a case where the size of the proposed solar heating system was enlarged by a factor of three was also investigated. The total annual cost of the solar heating system was reduced by about 20% to about 800 SEK MWh⁻¹, which is lower than the best conventional alternative.     

太阳能与燃煤机组混合发电方式的热经济性研究

阐述了分别从锅炉蒸发受热面、高压加热器汽侧和汽轮机低压缸引入太阳热能与燃煤机组进行混合发电的3种集成方案,定义了太阳能热电转换率、单位时间节煤量及太阳能热贡献率等评价指标,并以某300 MW燃煤机组为例,应用变热量等效焓降法计算理论对3种太阳能与燃煤机组混合发电集成方案的热经济性指标进行了计算和比较,确定了混合发电的最优集成方式,并对其经济性进行了初步分析.结果表明：混合发电集成方案2-1（取代2号高压加热器抽汽）的热经济性指标、运行安全性和稳定性均较好,因此选取方案2-1作为混合发电最优集成方案;太阳能的单位发电成本为0.63元/（kW·h）,低于单纯太阳能发电站的0.75～1.85元/（kW·h）.     

基于模糊层次分析法的船闸人字门提升方案评价

针对在多方案评价中层次分析法不宜求取各方案权重值的问题,以三峡船闸人字门提升方案为例 ,提出了一种基于层次分析法和模糊理论的多方案综合评价方法,建立了船闸人字门提升方案评价模型 ,并对比评价了三种船闸人字门提升方案,最终选出跨闸室简支梁提升方案为最优方案,表明该方法和 评价模型合理、有效。     

变工况下热泵供热及膨胀机供热的热力性能对比分析

通过对各设备进行建模,以某300 MW热电联产机组为例,对热泵供热及利用小型膨胀机发电后排汽供热两种方案进行变工况分析。结果表明,对于热泵供热方案,在不同的主蒸汽流量下,都存在一个最佳出口热网水温,使系统煤耗最低;采用热泵最佳参数与膨胀机方案进行变工况对比,发现在采暖抽汽参数较低时,热泵方案的煤耗高于膨胀机方案,随着采暖抽汽参数的增大,当热泵出口最佳热网水温超过70℃时,热泵方案的煤耗开始低于膨胀机方案;同样,在采暖抽汽参数较低时,热泵供热效率比膨胀机方案低,当热泵出口最佳热网水温超过64℃时,热泵方案供热效率开始超过膨胀机方案;提出等效节能量指标,并通过计算表明该指标可用于对比两方案的节能效益。     

太阳能热水-采暖联合系统

目前在欧洲流行的太阳能联合系统,是将太阳能热水技术和建筑采暖技术相结合,以提供充足的生活热水和舒适的采暖环境,文章介绍了太阳能联合系统的特点和典型系统的运行原理,以及该技术在欧盟的应用概况.     

我国典型城市太阳热水系统热及经济性能分析

对太阳热水系统热及经济性能的分析是系统设计合理的关键。采用了f-CHART方法对太阳热水系统的热和经济性能进行计算和优化分析。首先对我国的太阳能资源分布和f-CHART方法进行了简要的描述，随后对我国太阳能区划的5个典型城市的太阳热水系统的热及经济性能进行模拟计算。计算结果包括太阳能利用率、太阳热水系统优化配置方案、寿命期(10年)内的经济性能等。该方法及其结果可以为实际太阳热水工程的设计和评价提供依据。     

Simulation of an absorption heat pump solar heating and cooling system

An absorption heat pump (AHP) is a heat driven heat pump utilizing the absorption process. A continuous, liquid absorbent AHP with chemical storage is modeled using mass and energy balances and assuming mass transfer equilibrium. This model is used with the TRNSYS program [5] to simulate the performance of an AHP in a residential solar-driven heating and cooling system. The effects of collector area for an AHP using the NaSCN---NH₃ chemical system are investigated for the Columbia, MO, Madison, WI, and Fort Worth, TX climates. The AHP system is compared to a conventional solar heating and cooling system and the effects of heat exchanger effectiveness, storage mass, additional thermal capacitance and alternative control strategies are studied for the Columbia climate.     

The influence of collector azimuth on solar heating of residential buildings and the effect of anisotropic sky-diffuse radiation

A liquid-base active residential solar heating system employing flat-plate collectors was examined. The two particular objectives of this study were: (a) to determine the influence of the collector azimuth on the fraction of the total demand supplied by the solar system, and (b) to consider the effect of sky-diffuse radiation being non-isotropic and the hourly radiation being asymmetric around solar noon vs the symmetric-isotropic model.The study showed that the influence of the collector azimuth varied with the collector slope. For low-sloped collectors, the collector azimuth had minimal effect on the energy supplied by the solar system. The azimuthal orientation had maximum effect when the collectors were vertically sloped. The maximum amount of energy supplied by the solar system was always obtained from collectors facing the equator.The final results were obtained by using either the symmetric-isotropic model or the asymmetric-anisotropic radiation model. These results differed from each other only by about 5 per cent maximum. The former model produced conservative results.The above calculations were carried out using meteorological data from three Canadian locations with different climates. Yearly heating loads of 10⁵, 10⁶ and 10⁷ MJ were employed at each location. Ratios of space-heating to service-hot-water loads were varied from 5 to 15.