基于HHT和SVM的供水管网爆管诊断模型研究

针对当前复杂供水管网泄水事故频发的现象,提出以管网发生故障时的瞬态水力数据信息为样本,采用Hilbert-Huang变换将故障样本信息从水压—时间的时域信号转换为压力幅值—频率的频域信号。分析选取频域信号中的主要特征值坐标作为支持向量机(SVM)的输入数据,并采用粒子群算法(PSO)对SVM参数进行优化,建立了基于HHT和SVM的供水管网故障诊断模型。实例应用表明,该模型在供水管网泄漏诊断中效果较好,从而验证了模型的可行性。     

基于HHT和SVM的供水管网爆管诊断模型研究

针对当前复杂供水管网泄水事故频发的现象,提出以管网发生故障时的瞬态水力数据信息为样本,采用Hilbert Huang变换将故障样本信息从水压—时间的时域信号转换为压力幅值—频率的频域信号。分析选取频域信号中的主要特征值坐标作为支持向量机（SVM）的输入数据,并采用粒子群算法（PSO）对SVM参数进行优化,建立了基于HHT和SVM的供水管网故障诊断模型。实例应用表明,该模型在供水管网泄漏诊断中效果较好,从而验证了模型的可行性。     

基于EEMD-LSTM的汽轮机转子碰磨故障诊断模型及其工程应用

汽轮机转子与静子间的碰磨严重影响着机组的安全运行。为了解决汽轮机转子发生在早期和中期的碰磨故障难以通过基于振动信号检测诊断方法进行有效识别的问题,本文提出一种基于EEMD-LSTM的汽轮机转子碰磨故障诊断方法。首先,该方法通过声发射技术监测汽轮机转子的碰磨故障信号;然后,利用EEMD信号分解方法处理获取的声发射信号,并提取能量特征参数和相关的时域特征参数,从而获得碰磨故障特征数据集;最后,利用划分的数据集对LSTM神经网络进行训练与测试,从而获得碰磨故障诊断模型。工程应用结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效识别机组在不同转速时期的早期碰磨故障,且故障诊断的准确率较高。     

大型机电设备故障信号实时采集方法研究仿真

大型机电设备工作环境复杂,故障频发,需要对故障信号进行实时采集和有效检测。传统方法采用时频分析的统计信号处理进行故障信号采集,对低信噪比的故障信号检测性能不好。提出一种基于非线性时间序列分析和相空间重构的大型机电设备故障信号实时采集方法,实现故障的检测和诊断。构建大型机电设备的故障数据检测模型,基于相空间重构分析的故障诊断方法,通过经验模态分解方法提取故障信号的特征信息,以此为数据基础建立智能专家系统,实现大型机电设备的故障诊断。在大型机电设备3种工况模式下测试大型机电设备的性能,得到信号采集时域波形,并进行相空间重构分析,实现故障分类诊断仿真,仿真实验表明,采用该方法进行故障信号的实时采集和故障诊断,故障分类性好,故障检测和诊断的效率较高。     

基于参数优化VMD和散布熵的高压油泵故障诊断

针对现有基于时域特征的高压油泵故障诊断准确率低的问题,笔者提出一种参数优化变分模态分解(VMD)算法和散布熵的特征提取方法,并采用支持向量机(SVM)进行故障诊断．首先,基于对高压油泵工作原理及典型故障的分析,利用AMESim平台搭建高压油泵仿真模型进行故障模拟和信号采集．然后,针对VMD效果受限于分解个数和惩罚因子选取的问题,采用改进灰狼优化(IGWO)算法对VMD进行参数寻优．通过计算各模态的散布熵值形成故障特征向量,最后,采用SVM对故障特征向量进行训练和诊断,实现高压油泵的故障诊断．该方法的故障诊断准确率可达到95%以上,能有效地实现高压油泵故障诊断．     

基于极限学习机的风电机组主轴承故障诊断方法

针对传统故障诊断方法在风电机组主轴承的故障诊断中诊断准确率不高的问题,引入了一种改进粒子群优化(PSO)算法,并结合交叉验证(CV)优化极限学习机(ELM)的方法。利用ELM建立故障诊断模型,采用主轴承振动信号的代表性时域特征参数作为模型输入,结合改进PSO算法和CV用于模型的参数优化,用于风电机组主轴承的故障诊断。实例分析表明,文章提出的方法可以快速、有效地诊断风电机组主轴承的故障,与LS-SVM,SVM和BPNN等方法相比,诊断准确率更高。     

升降速过程中滑动轴承声发射信号特征研究

用理论分析方法和实验方法研究滑动轴承声发射信号特征随转子转速的变化规律.研究表明,滑动轴承的声发射信号特征参数(时域波形,事件计数率,频率中心等)随转速的变化而变化.润滑状态较好时,幅值、事件计数率、频率中心较小;润滑状态变差时,幅值、事件计数率、频率中心都增大,且声发射脉冲信号明显.研究结果对诊断滑动轴承在转子升降速过程的润滑状态及其故障提供了参考依据.     

利用凸轮轴动态扭矩诊断柴油机燃油喷射系统故障

本文提出了一种新的诊断技术—用凸轮轴扭矩信号作为判别柴油机燃油喷射系统工作状态的参数。作者对凸轮轴扭矩进行了分析,提出了诊断参数,开发了计算机故障诊断系统,在台架上进行了故障模拟试验,并对6135柴油机进行实机监测。理论和试验表明:用扭矩诊断技术可以诊断喷油系统的常见故障,用凸轮轴扭矩信号可以在试验台上或在柴油机上对多至18缸的组合式油泵各缸的喷油正时、供油量均匀性进行监测和调整。本技术除了适用于柴油机监测,还可望用于高压油泵出厂试验之传统方法的改进。     

基于图像识别技术的旋转机械振动故障诊断方法

目前振动信号的分析主要是针对特定测点在某一瞬间采集的一段振动波形,提取其中的特征量来进行故障诊断,这种基于状态信息的诊断方法对故障类型的辨别能力有限。通过构造基于归一化幅值谱的三维矩阵来刻画旋转机械振动故障的过程变化规律,并引入图像识别技术,在此基础上建立了一种基于归一化幅值谱图识别的旋转机械振动故障诊断方法。并通过该方法对试验台获取的振动故障信号进行分析,计算结果表明该方法是一种有效的故障诊断方法。     

小波分析和曲线拟合法在柴油机声信号处理中的应用

提出了一种利用小波分析和曲线拟合法对柴油机工作时发出的声信号进行模式的判别方法，在实验台上模拟了柴油机的不同工况，并在气缸盖上方采集了柴油机工作时产生的声信号，对不同模式下利用小波分析技术提取的声信号特征参数利用曲线拟合法进行了成功的判别，在利用声信号对柴油机进行故障诊断这一未成熟领域中，对声信号的处理方法做出了成功的探索。     

小波神经理论在风力机齿轮箱故障诊断系统中的应用

风力机齿轮箱振动信号是一种时频特性复杂的非平稳信号,常规的时域和频域分析方法难以有效的分析齿轮箱故障及提取故障特征。提出一种基于小波分析和神经网络的风力机齿轮箱故障诊断方法,该方法采用小波时频分析技术对风力发电机故障振动信号进行消噪滤波,通过小波包分解系数求取频带能量,根据各个频带能量的变化提取故障特征,为实现智能诊断提供故障特征值。应用BP神经网络进行故障识别,并采用LabVIEW和matlab软件予以实现。结果表明,该方法能有效提高风力发电机组齿轮箱故障诊断的准确性。     

Fault diagnosis of wind turbine planetary gearbox under nonstationary conditions via adaptive optimal kernel time–frequency analysis

Planetary gearboxes play an important role in wind turbine (WT) drivetrains. WTs usually work under time-varying running conditions due to the volatile wind conditions. The planetary gearbox vibration signals in such an environment are hence highly nonstationary. Conventional spectral analysis and demodulation analysis methods are unable to identify the characteristic frequency of gear fault from such nonstationary signals. As such, this paper presents a time–frequency analysis methods to reveal the constituent frequency components of nonstationary signals and their time-varying features for WT planetary gearbox monitoring. More specifically, we exploit the adaptive optimal kernel (AOK) method for this challenging application because of its fine time–frequency resolution and cross-term free nature, as demonstrated by our simulation analysis. In this study, the AOK method has been applied to identify the time-varying characteristic frequencies of gear fault or to extract different levels of impulses induced by gear faults from lab WT experimental signals and in-situ WT signals under time-varying running conditions. We have demonstrated that the AOK is effective diagnosis of: (a) both the local damage (a single chipped tooth) and distributed faults (wear of all teeth), (b) both sun gear and planet gear faults, and (c) faults with very weak signature (e.g., the sun gear fault at the low speed stage of a WT planetary gearbox).     

基于小波变换的风电机组滚动轴承故障KPI计算及故障诊断

风电机组一般采用滚动轴承支撑结构,滚动轴承不同故障模式对应的振动冲击间隔频率存在差异。为了准确地从振动信号中提取滚动轴承故障征兆,在分析风电机组滚动轴承故障机理、信号特征的基础上,提出了基于小波变换的风电机组滚动轴承故障KPI计算方法,首先对风电机组的振动信号进行小波变换及阈值去噪,并计算振动信号的小波能量谱分布图,然后以小波能量谱分布图的统计参数作为滚动轴承故障诊断的KPI,采用椭圆型判决函数法实现滚动轴承的故障诊断,现场实测信号的诊断结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于小波变换的风电机组滚动轴承故障KPI计算及故障诊断

风电机组一般采用滚动轴承支撑结构,滚动轴承不同故障模式对应的振动冲击间隔频率存在差异。为了准确地从振动信号中提取滚动轴承故障征兆,在分析风电机组滚动轴承故障机理、信号特征的基础上,提出了基于小波变换的风电机组滚动轴承故障KPI计算方法,首先对风电机组的振动信号进行小波变换及阈值去噪,并计算振动信号的小波能量谱分布图,然后以小波能量谱分布图的统计参数作为滚动轴承故障诊断的KPI,采用椭圆型判决函数法实现滚动轴承的故障诊断,现场实测信号的诊断结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

发动机稳态与非稳态振动信号分析比较

主要探索了在发动机机械故障诊断中采用非稳态信号分析方法进行故障诊断。介绍了定转速非稳态数据采集器测试原理，讨论了短时傅里叶（Fourier）变换的原理与窗函数选择方法。应用它分析了发动机稳态与非稳态加速振动信号并进行了比较。试验与分析结果表明：定转速非稳态数据采集器能准确地测取发动机加速过程中所设定转速的振动信号；采用短时Fourier变换和窄带能量累加方法能有效提取加速振动信号中分析对象的故障特征，具有良好的重复性和稳定性；加速振动的信噪比远比稳态振动大得多。     

人工神经网络在混合智能故障诊断技术中的应用研究

故障诊断的关键是寻找一种使诊断结果更为有效的方法。人工神经网络作为一种新兴的故障诊断方法，越来越受到人们的关注。然而，对于复杂的系统，单一的传统神经网络很难给出理想的结果。本文重点对神经网络与其它诊断方式融合的混合智能技术，即神经网络与专家系统、模糊控制、小波分析和遗传算法的结合以及集成神经网络等在故障诊断中的应用进行了综述。这些方法已应用到实践中，并取得了一定的成果。     

25MW汽轮发电机组油膜涡动振动诊断研究

分析了目前汽轮发电机组振动故障诊断方法存在的问题,提出了根据机组故障范围、振动频率特征等对非线性油膜涡动故障进行分层次诊断的正向推理振动诊断方法。并以诊断实例说明如何通过正向推理诊断振动故障,提高故障诊断准确率。     

汽轮发电机组故障诊断的自学习

由于对若干故障的机理缺乏认识,诊断系统不会覆盖所有可能发生的故障,对汽轮发电机组故障诊断全面分析,研究了振动信号的分形特征,在实验的基础上,提出了一种诊断系统获取新故障样本的方法。     

Faults diagnosis for PEM fuel cell system based on multi-sensor signals and principle component analysis method

Fuel cell vehicles are becoming more popular and attracting more attention from industries, but stability and reliability of the fuel cell system (FCS) are still problems for its commercial progress. Therefore, a fault diagnosis system is essential for a reliable and long working lifetime FCS. In this work, a fault diagnosis method based on multi-sensor signals and principle component analysis (PCA) is proposed to improve FCS performance. By using this method, the correlation among different sensor signals are analyzed based on multi-sensor signals, and a simplified statistic index for fault diagnosis is deduced based on the PCA. The FCS operation conditions are monitored online, and faults in sensor and system levels are diagnosed. Experimental results show that, two typical fault scenarios, i.e., a single sensor fault and a serious system failure, can be successfully diagnosed and distinguished. For the single sensor fault, the sensor signal is reconstructed immediately to ensure that fuel cell vehicles operate normally. For the system failure, the fault can be detected in 17 s and the fault source signals can be located in 31 s, so the fuel cell stack can be protected timely. The main contribution of this work is to deduce a simplified statistic index for fault diagnosis based on multi-sensor signals and PCA method, and to provide an experimental study on identifying faults in sensor and system levels of a PEM fuel cell system.     

Wind turbine fault diagnosis based on Morlet wavelet transformation and Wigner-Ville distribution

Based on the Morlet wavelet transformation and Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD), we present a wind turbine fault diagnosis method in this paper. Wind turbine can be damaged by moisture absorption, fatigue, wind gusts or lightening strikes. Due to this reason, there is an increasing need to monitor the health of these structures. Vibration analysis is the best-known technology applied in wind turbine condition monitoring, in which the time-frequency analysis techniques such as Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) are widely used. Theoretically WVD has an infinite resolution in time-frequency domain. For early wind turbine fault signals, however, there are two main difficulties in WVD analysis. One is strong noise signals in the background and the other is cross terms in WVD itself. In this paper, continuous wavelet transformation (CWT) is employed to filter useless noise in raw vibration signals, and auto terms window (ATW) function is used to suppress the cross terms in WVD. In the CWT de-noising process, the Morlet wavelet, whose shape is similar to mechanical shock signals, is chosen to perform CWT on the raw vibration signals. The appropriate scale parameter for CWT is optimized by the cross validation method (CVM). An ATW based on the Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWVD) spectrum is taken to be a window function to suppress the cross terms in WVD. The new method can not only remove cross terms faraway from the auto terms, but also keep high energy close to every instantaneous frequency, the virtues such as high time-frequency resolution, and good energy aggregation etc. The wind turbine gear fault diagnosis experiment results indicate that the proposed method has a good de-nosing performance and is effective in suppressing the cross terms and extracting fault feature.