聚乳酸/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能和流变性能

制备了聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乳酸-聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物(PLA-PEG)插层的钠基蒙脱土、有机蒙脱土(OMMT)两类复合助剂。X射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,经过处理的蒙脱土层间距增大;通过熔融共混法将复合助剂与聚乳酸(PLA)共混制备PLA/MMT复合材料,研究了PLA/MMT复合材料的力学性能,动态流变性能。结果表明,复合助剂的加入可以提高聚乳酸的断裂伸长率、拉伸强度以及聚乳酸的复数黏度、储能模量和耗能模量。     

有机蒙脱土与白炭黑复合填充三元乙丙橡胶性能研究

采用溶液插层法分别制备了含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(VMMT)和不含乙烯基的有机蒙脱土(OMMT),并通过与三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)机械共混方法制备了VMMT/EPDM、OMMT/EPDM两种纳米复合材料,对复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能进行了研究。实验发现:当添加相同份数有机蒙脱土时,VMMT/EPDM复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能优于OMMT/EPDM复合材料;当有机蒙脱土添加量为5份时,OMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了60%、100%伸长模量提高了68%,N2透气率降低了29%;当有机蒙脱土添加量为7份时,VMMT/EPDM的拉伸强度提高了99%、100%伸长模量提高了157%、N2透气率降低了52%。结果表明:通过含乙烯基官能团的有机插层剂改性后,有机蒙脱土/EPDM纳米复合材料的力学性能和气体阻隔性能显著提高。     

纳米膨胀阻燃季戊四醇二磷酸酯双磷酰蜜胺有机改性蒙脱土/聚乳酸复合材料的制备及阻燃性能

将一种高效膨胀型无卤阻燃剂季戊四醇二磷酸酯双磷酰蜜胺(SPBDM)和有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)添加到高分子量聚乳酸(PLA)中,熔融共混制备纳米膨胀型阻燃聚乳酸复合材料(SPBDM-OMMT/PLA)。采用XRD、TEM研究了纳米粒子的形态分布,并用热重分析法(TGA)、氧指数测试(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)探讨了该纳米阻燃SPBDM-OMMT/PLA复合材料的热性能和阻燃性能。研究表明,OMMT在PLA基体中有较好的分散性,高分子链插入层状硅酸盐片层间,形成了剥离型或插层型复合材料;相比纯PLA,加入SPBDM后改善了OMMT/PLA的高温热稳定性,最大热分解温度均向高温移动,且高温残炭质量分数大幅度提高;当SPBDM和OMMT质量分数分别为10.0%和1.0%时,纳米阻燃SPBDM-OMMT/PLA复合材料能达到较好的阻燃效果,LOI数值高达32%,相应垂直燃烧等级达UL-94V-0级。     

亚麻纤维增强聚乳酸可降解复合材料的制备与性能

将制浆造纸用亚麻短纤维与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,用注塑方法成型亚麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料试样。通过差示扫描量热实验(DSC)、动态力学性能测试(DMA)、热重分析(TGA)和力学性能测试等方法,研究了聚乳酸和亚麻纤维在不同质量配比下,复合材料热性能、动态力学性能和力学性能的变化规律。随着亚麻纤维的加入,复合材料的结晶度增大,热稳定性增强,储能模量得到提高,力学性能也有了明显变化:纤维含量为20%时,拉伸强度为45.88 MPa,比纯PLA的增加了21%;同时,弯曲模量的增幅达到30%。     

聚乳酸／稀土改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

实验利用稀土镧表面改性有机蒙脱土（La-OMMT）对PLA进行熔融插层改性’帝J备聚乳酸，稀土镧改性有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料（PLA/La-OMMT），并对材料的力学性能，热性能进行分析及对其微观结构加以表征。对PLA／La-OMMT的静态力学性能测试表明，PLA中加入1％（质量分数）的La-OMMT后，PL/La-OMMT的拉伸，弯曲和无缺口冲击强度均得到最佳提高。动态力学性能分析（DMA）表明，加入1％（质量分数）La-OMMT的PL/La-OMMT，与纯聚乳酸相比，热稳定性和动态储模都有不同程度的提高。而XRD，TEM和SEM结果表明，La-OMMT主要以剥离状态分散在PLA基体中，且La-OMMT的加入，使材料拉伸断面由脆性断裂向韧性断裂转变。     

无卤阻燃尼龙66/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

选用有机插层剂对蒙脱土(MMT)进行有机化处理后,使用熔融插层法制备了无卤阻燃尼龙66/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料,测试了其力学性能及阻燃性能.结果表明,有机蒙脱土和少量纳米SiO2的加入能够提高材料的力学性能,当SiO2加入量为2%、蒙脱土含量为3%时,材料的冲击性能相对提高了19%,拉伸与弯曲性能也有所提高;当OMMT:SiO2为3:2,APP:MA为5:4,ZnO:APP比值为1.5:10时,材料的极限氧指数较纯聚合物提高了33.3%.     

双马来酰亚胺/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及表征EI北大核心CSCD

利用有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对双马来酰亚胺(BMI)树脂进行改性制备纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜对材料的微观结构进行表征,研究了纳米复合材料的弯曲性能、冲击性能以及动态力学性能。结果表明,当OMMT的质量分数为1%时,蒙脱土的片层被充分剥离,纳米复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均达到最大值,冲击断口形貌显示材料由改性前的脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。同时,纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)也得到提高。     

丁腈橡胶/有机蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构及性能研究

通过机械共混法制备了丁腈橡胶/有机蒙脱土(NBR/OMMT)纳米复合材料.X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了复合材料的纳米结构.通过硫化仪研究了有机蒙脱土用量对复合材料硫化性能的影响,同时研究了复合材料的力学性能、热空气老化性、耐油性和热稳定性.结果表明:有机蒙脱土的加入在一定程度上提高了复合材料的力学性能,热空气老化性,耐油性及热稳定性,而且对复合材料的硫化性能有明显的影响.     

纳米OMMT/EVA-g-PU复合材料

采用熔融接枝与熔融插层相结合的方法,成功制备了纳米OMMT/EVA-g-PU复合材料。通过FTIR及13C NMR测试表明,端—NCO的聚氨酯(PU)预聚体与皂化乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)间发生接枝反应。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)与透射电镜(TEM)观察了蒙脱土(OMMT)在基体中的分散状态,用电子万能试验机、动态力学分析仪(DMA)和热重分析仪(TG)分析了复合材料的力学性能、储能模量和热性能。结果表明：OMMT主要以插层型分布在基体中;当OMMT的质量分数为3%时,复合材料的断裂强度、杨氏模量和撕裂强度分别为7.96 MPa、7.12 MPa和49.97 MPa;复合材料的储能模量随 OMMT含量的增加而升高,当OMMT的质量分数为7%时,复合材料的储能模量相对于纯EVA 提高了2 倍多;复合材料的热稳定性能也要优于纯EVA,并随OMMT含量的增加而升高。     

双马来酰亚胺/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及表征

利用有机蒙脱土(OMMT)对双马来酰亚胺(BMI)树脂进行改性制备纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜对材料的微观结构进行表征,研究了纳米复合材料的弯曲性能、冲击性能以及动态力学性能。结果表明,当OMMT的质量分数为1%时,蒙脱土的片层被充分剥离,纳米复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均达到最大值,冲击断口形貌显示材料由改性前的脆性断裂转变为韧性断裂。同时,纳米复合材料的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)也得到提高。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.