铸态Mg-4Al-2Si合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用重力铸造法制备Mg-4Al-2Si(AS42)镁合金,研究了铸态合金的显微组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:铸态AS42合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相及Mg2Si相组成;β-Mg17Al12相呈网状和棒状分布于晶界上,粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相沿晶界或穿晶分布,多边形块状Mg2Si相随机分布于基体组织中。铸态合金的硬度为64.5 HV,室温抗拉强度为113.5 MPa,屈服强度为86 MPa,伸长率为4.1%;拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

铸态Mg-4Al-4Si-0.75Sb合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用重力铸造法制备Mg-4Al-4Si-0.75Sb(AS44-0.75Sb)(质量分数/%,下同)镁合金,研究铸态合金的显微组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:铸态AS44-0.75Sb合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相、Mg2Si相和Mg3Sb2相组成;加入0.75Sb后形成高熔点的Mg3Sb2相,显著改善了Mg2Si相的形貌,使粗大的骨骼状Mg2Si转变为相对细小的汉字状Mg2Si。铸态合金的硬度HV为65.9,屈服强度为136.4MPa,抗拉强度为172.3MPa,伸长率为3.3%;拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

等径角挤压对AZ31镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了电磁连铸AZ31镁合金沿A路径经常规等径角挤压(ECAE)和两步ECAE变形后的微观组织与力学性能.结果表明:与预挤压态相比,常规ECAE态合金随着挤压道次的增加,晶粒不断细化,伸长率不断提高,但屈服强度与抗拉强度逐渐降低;两步ECAE可以使晶粒进一步细化,伸长率、屈服强度与抗拉强度均提高.伸长率、屈服强度与抗拉...     

准晶增强Mg-Zn-Y合金的ECAP变形组织及力学性能

镁及镁合金作为目前工业应用中最轻的结构材料之一,具有良好的应用前景,然而由于镁合金自身强度较低、抗氧化性能差以及高温抗蠕变性能差等问题,使其作为某些结构件的应用受到限制,为进一步扩大其应用,人们采用了多种方法来提高其综合力学性能.二十面体准晶相(简称Ⅰ-phase)由于其特殊的结构而具有优异的力学性能,如高强度、高硬度等,将Ⅰ-phase作为一种增强相引入到镁合金中可大大提高镁合金的力学性能,为新型镁合金的开发和实际应用提供了一种新途径.本文采用常规铸造法制备了含有粗大网状Ⅰ-phase和α-Mg两相组织的Mg-Zn-Y合金.研究了合金含量及Zn/Y比对Mg-Zn-Y合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,探讨了热处理工艺对合金中相析出行为及Ⅰ-phase热稳定性的影响.以时效处理后的Mg-Zn-Y合金为研究对象,研究了两种塑性变形工艺(常规热挤压和等径角挤压变形)对合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,并对合金的细化机制、断裂行为与强化机制进行了研究.研究结果表明,在Y含量为0.3%～2.0%(at),Zn含量为1.7%～6.0%(at)的富镁Mg-Zn-Y合金中,合金的铸态组织及相组成取决于Zn/Y比和Zn含量,Zn/Y比为6时,合金的铸态组织由α-Mg基体和晶界上富镁相与Ⅰ-phase两相共晶组织组成;在所研究的合金成分范围内,合金中Ⅰ-phase的形成及其体积分数与合金的凝固速度有关,采用快速凝固的方法得到的合金中,由于第二相的形核及长大受到抑制,形成的Ⅰ-phase的体积分数相对于常规铸造工艺下制备的合金中Ⅰ-phase的含量有所减少,同时发现,合金的极限抗拉强度和屈服强度随合金中Ⅰ-phase体积分数的增加而增加,但合金的延伸率略有降低;在400℃、24h的热处理工艺下,Mg95Zn4.3Y0.7合金基体上有球形Ⅰ-phase析出,且析出的Ⅰ-phase在随后的时效处理中表现出热稳定性;在190℃不同时效时间下合金基体中的析出相为密排六方结构的MgZn2相,其析出行为与Mg-Zn二元合金类似.Mg-Zn-Y合金的热挤压结果表明,通过挤压变形可以显著细化合金的晶粒组织,合金的晶粒大小可由变形前的40～60μm减小到8～15μm,在挤压过程中位于晶界的Ⅰ-phase被破碎并较均匀地分布在基体合金中,随着挤压比的增大和挤压温度的降低,晶粒进一步细化,Ⅰ-phase的弥散程度增加.挤压变形可以显著提高Mg-Zn-Y合金的强度、硬度和延伸率;随着挤压比的增大,合金的强度、硬度和延伸率均有所增加;在所研究的3种合金中,Mg95Zn4.3Y0.7合金在523K以25:1的挤压比挤压后,具有较高的力学性能,其极限抗拉强度为287MPa,屈服强度为203MPa,延伸率为14.1%.对于预挤压态Mg-Zn-Y合金的ECAP变形结果表明,ECAP对于预挤压态Mg-Zn-Y合金组织的细化是一个不断加强的过程,1道次ECAP变形后,在一些粗大晶粒之间分布着许多细小的晶粒,随变形道次的增加,原始粗大的晶粒消失,形成均匀细小的等轴晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸为1～3μm,同时在ECAP过程中Ⅰ-phase被破碎并呈弥散分布.ECAP变形1道次可以显著提高Mg-Zn-Y合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率,Mg95Zn4.3Y0.7合金ECAP变形1道次后力学性能指标σb=331MPa,σ0.2=223MPa,δ=19.4%.Mg-Zn-Y合金以A、BA、Bc、C等4种不同工艺路线进行8道次ECAP变形后的显微组织差异不大,均形成细小的等轴晶粒;4种工艺路线在1～8道次的变形过程中,合金的力学性能变化不同,对于路径A和BA,随着变形道次的增加,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率变化幅度不大,对于路径BC和C,变形道次超过4次后,产生的变形织构的弱化作用导致合金的屈服强度迅速降低,但是合金仍保持较高的抗拉强度和延伸率.通过对ECAP变形过程中Mg-Zn-Y合金晶粒细化过程的分析,结合其力学性能的变化得出ECAP变形的细化机制和准晶相强化机制:ECAP对于准晶增强Mg-Zn-Y合金的细化机制主要是基体在不同变形路径下的连续剪切变形机制和准晶粒子对于基体的剪切及钉扎机制;准晶增强Mg-Zn-Y合金ECAP变形过程中存在3种强化机制:细晶强化、第二相粒子强化和位错强化,3种强化机制分别在ECAP变形的不同阶段起主导作用,在共同的强化作用下提高合金的强度.     

Si对AZ91D镁合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

利用光学金相显微镜OM和XRD分析了加入微量Si的AZ91D合金显微组织和相组成,测试了合金室温拉伸力学性能和硬度,利用SEM分析了合金拉伸断口形貌.结果表明,加入一定量Si后AZ91D合金组织中形成汉字状Mg2Si相,富集于固液界面前沿,阻碍α-Mg基体的自由长大,从而细化合金铸态组织;汉字状Mg2Si相的存在导致合金力学性能的降低;AZ91D合金室温拉伸断口是以解理断裂为主的脆性断裂,加入Si后,断裂常发生于α-Mg基体和汉字状Mg2Si相间的界面处.     

连续变断面循环挤压AZ31镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用连续变断面循环挤压技术(CVCE)对AZ31镁合金进行循环挤压。采用光学显微镜、电子拉伸机等设备,分析变形前及不同循环道次后AZ31镁合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:AZ31镁合金经10循环CVCE后,平均晶粒尺寸由变形前25.3μm有效细化到5.5μm;伸长率提高到34.3%,抗拉强度下降到200MPa。由于晶粒细化效应,导致α相主要变形机制由1循环的孪生变为随后道次的位错滑移。抗拉强度的降低与挤压后(0001)晶面取向分布的分散性有关;伸长率的增大与晶粒细化和滑移面的激活有关。     

挤压变形Al—0．8％Mg—0．6％Si—xSc合金的显微组织与力学性能

本文针对挤压变形Al—0．8％Mg—O．6％Si-xSc合金的显微组织和拉伸性能进行了研究,以确定稀土元素Sc和T6处理对该系合金性能的影响规律。结果表明,加入适量的元素Sc可以有效地细化挤压变形Al0．8％Mg-0．6％Si—xSc合金的组织,提高其室温抗拉强度、屈服强度和断裂伸长率;经过T6处理后,Al—08％Si-0．6％Si—xSc舍金的抗拉强度和屈服强度可得到显著提高;挤压变形Al—0．8％Mg～O．6％Si～xSc合金在拉伸加载条件下主要呈现韧性断裂特征。     

Bi对挤压态AZ61镁合金组织和力学性能影响

研究了添加Bi元素对AZ61镁合金铸态、固溶态和挤压态组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,向合金中加入Bi后,铸态合金基体中析出了片状和颗粒状的Mg3Bi2相,挤压态合金的组织得到了细化。当加入2%(质量分数)Bi后,挤压态合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度达到最大值,分别为239.4和322.6 MPa。随着Bi含量的进一步增加,粗大的Mg3Bi2相显著增多,加载时割裂基体,导致力学性能降低。     

累积连续流变挤压对Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金组织性能影响

目的 研究多道次累积连续流变挤压变形对Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金组织演化和力学行为的影响,为高性能细晶Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金的制备提供借鉴与参考。方法 采用连续流变挤压方法制备Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金,对流变挤压态Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金进行多道次累积连续流变挤压变形,研究多道次变形前后Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金的微观组织和力学性能变化,讨论变形过程中Al6(Mn,Fe)相对动态再结晶的影响,揭示累积连续流变挤压态Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金的强化机制。结果 经3道次累积连续流变挤压变形后,Al-Mg合金和Al-Mg-Mn-Fe合金的平均晶粒尺寸分别减小至21.5 μm和2.8 μm,细化效果显著;在多道次变形过程中,Al-Mg-Mn-Fe合金内的Al6(Mn,Fe)相逐渐破碎细化并趋于均匀分布,再结晶驱动力增加,阻碍再结晶晶粒长大;经3道次变形后,Al-Mg合金杆材的抗拉强度和伸长率同步提高至267.4 MPa和52.2%,而Al-Mg-Mn-Fe合金杆材的抗拉强度提高至364.2 MPa,伸长率降低至31.7%,该合金的强化机制主要包括细晶强化、位错强化和第二相强化。结论 累积连续流变挤压变形可有效细化合金内的晶粒及第二相,提高Al-Mg(-Mn-Fe)合金的综合力学性能。     

铸态AZ81镁合金ECAP态组织与性能研究

采用自制的90°模具,经Bc路径在温度为300℃下研究对比了铸态及不同道次的等通道挤压(ECAP)态AZ81镁合金微观组织和力学性能.结果表明ECAP随着挤压道次的增加,AZ81镁合金显微组织和力学性能发生显著变化.当挤压到4道次,平均晶粒尺寸由原来铸态的145um细化为9.6um,拉伸断口韧窝明显增多;抗拉强度从180 MPa提高到306 MPa,延伸率和硬度分别达到15.8%和142HL.分析表明,AZ81镁合金在高温挤压过程中Mg17Al12相粒子被破碎,并部分溶入基体,$-Mg基体与%-Mg17Al12相互相阻碍其晶粒长大,获得细小晶粒组织.     

In vitro study on equal channel angular pressing AZ31 magnesium alloy with and without back pressure

The equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) technique with and without back pressure (BP) was introduced in this paper to prepare biomedical AZ31 magnesium alloy, with the effect of pass number (from 1 to 4) on the corrosion properties as well as in vitro biocompatibility being investigated. The results indicated that ECAPed or BP-ECAPed AZ31 alloys exhibited similar corrosion rate to that of the as-extruded one, but the corrosion rate slightly increased after 1-2 passes ECAP or BP-ECAP and further decreased after 4-pass procedure. Additionally, severe local corrosion was observed for the 1-3 passes ECAPed or BP-ECAPed AZ31 alloy samples. Compared to the as-extruded AZ31 alloy, the samples after ECAP or BP-ECAP procedure showed much smaller sized corrosion pits on the surface after removing the corrosion product. The surface analysis after 20 days immersion in Hank's solution revealed that the composition of the corrosion product consisted of C, O, Mg, P, Ca whereas only weak signal of Mg(OH)₂ could be detected beside the dominant α(Mg) peak by X-ray diffraction. The cytotoxicity results suggested that the multi-pass ECAPed or BP-ECAPed AZ31 alloy exhibited Grade I-II cytotoxicity according to ISO 10993-5: 1999.     

The microstructure,tensile, and shear deformation behavior of an AZ31 magnesium alloy after extrusion and equal channel angular pressing

The shear punch testing (SPT) technique and the uniaxial tension tests were employed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the equal channel angularly pressed (ECAPed) AZ31 magnesium alloy. After extruding, the material was ECAPed for 1, 2, and 4 passes using route B_C. The grain structure of the material was refined from 20.2 to 1.6 μm after 4 passes of ECAP at 200 °C. The 4 pass ECAPed alloy showed lower yield stress and higher ductility as compared to the as-extruded condition, indicating that texture softening has overcome the strengthening effects of grain refinement. The same trends in strength and ductility were also observed in shear punch testing. Similar shear strength and ductility values of the samples taken perpendicular to the extrusion direction (ED) and normal direction (ND) after 4 passes of ECAP indicated that {0 0 0 2} basal planes were inclined (∼45°) to the extrusion axis. The shear punch testing technique was found to be a useful method for verifying directional mechanical properties of the miniature samples of the ECAPed magnesium alloys.     

Effects of extrusion and equal channel angular pressing on the microstructure,tensile and fatigue behaviour of the wrought magnesium alloy AZ80

The microstructure, mechanical properties, fatigue life and fatigue crack propagation rate of Mg‐8Al‐0.5Zn‐0.3Mn (AZ80) magnesium alloy were investigated after extrusion and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). The highest ultimate and yield strengths and a large enhancement in the fatigue lifetime were obtained after two passes of ECAP. These were decreased with further pressing, although the grain size became finer. There was a correlation between the fatigue and ultimate strengths of AZ80 alloy. The transition from twinning to dislocation slip has also occurred at an average grain size of 7.9 μm. Simultaneous influences of the grain size and the yield strength caused an almost the same threshold of the stress intensity ratio for different process conditions. Moreover, the enhanced ductility of the ECAPed alloy resulted in an increase in the crack growth resistance because of its better ability to accommodate plastic strains during cycling.     

等通道挤压AZ80镁合金的析出行为和性能

研究了AZ80镁合金经300℃等通道挤压(ECAP)后的组织、织构与力学性能的演变规律以及第二相析出行为的影响。结果表明:ECAP显著促进了粒状连续析出,可有效节省后续热处理时间。A路径多道次挤压最终获得基面织构;Bc路径挤压后形成基面近似平行于剪切面的织构;第二相析出对ECAP织构特征的形成没有显著影响。用该工艺可获得较高的延伸率(13%-19%),但是抗拉强度过低(300 MPa),综合机械性能不理想。可通过抑制挤压前的未溶粗大粒子的析出、减少挤压道次和降低挤压温度等措施优化AZ80的析出控制。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Ca alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing

An ultrafine-grained (UFG) Mg–5.12 wt.% Zn–0.32 wt.% Ca alloy with an average grain size of 0.7 μm was produced by subjecting the as-extruded alloy to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for 4 passes at 250 °C. The fine secondary phase restricted the dynamic recrystallized (DRXed) grain growth during the ECAP processing, resulting in a remarkable grain refinement. A new texture was formed in the ECAPed Mg alloy with the {0 0 0 2} plane inclined at an angle of 58° relative to the extrusion direction. The yield stress (YS) was decreased in the as-ECAPed alloy with finer grains, indicating that the texture softening effect was dominant over the strengthening from grain refinement. The ductility of the as-ECAPed alloy was increased to 18.2%. The grain refinement caused an obvious decrease in work hardening rate in the as-ECAPed alloy during tensile deformation at room temperature.     

高能超声对Mg2 Si / AZ91D 复合材料的影响

为改善原位颗粒增强镁基复合材料的性能,采用原位合成技术制备了Mg2Si/AZ91D复合材料,通过在熔体中施加高能超声,研究了超声时间和超声功率对复合材料组织性能的影响.结果表明:随着超声时间的延长或超声功率的增大,复合材料中粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相变得细小、分布均匀,同时细小分布均匀的球化状β-Mg17Al12相增多;超声时间为6 min、超声功率为1.2 kW时,组织中呈短棒状的Mg2Si颗粒和球化状β-Mg17Al12相分布均匀,且复合材料的抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大,分别为220.5 MPa和2.6%,较未施加超声的复合材料试样提高了22.3%和38.9%;再延长处理时间或增大输出功率,组织有粗化的趋势,复合材料的抗拉性能及伸长率也呈现先升后降趋势.     

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of ECAP processed AZ31B over a wide range of loading rates under compression and tension

In this work, a commercial magnesium alloy, AZ31B in hot-rolled condition, has been subjected to severe plastic deformation via four passes of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to modify its microstructure. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to characterize the microstructure of the as-received, ECAPed and mechanically loaded specimens. Mechanical properties of the specimens were evaluated under both compression and tension along the rolling/extrusion direction over a wide range of strain rates. The yield strength, ultimate strength and failure strain/elongation under compression and tension were compared in detail to sort out the effects of factors in terms of microstructure and loading conditions. The results show that both the as-received alloy and ECAPed alloy are nearly insensitive to strain rate under compression, and the stress–strain curves exhibit clear sigmoidal shape, pointing to dominance of mechanical twinning responsible for the plastic deformation under compression. All compressive samples fail prematurely via adiabatic shear banding followed by cracking. Significant grain size refinement is identified in the vicinity of the shear crack. Under tension, the yield strength is much higher, with strong rate dependence and much improved tensile ductility in the ECAPed specimens. Tensile ductility is even much larger than the malleability under compression. This supports the operation of 〈c + a〉 dislocations. However, ECAP lowers the yield and flow strengths of the alloy under tension. We attempted to employ a mechanistic model to provide an explanation for the experimental results of plastic deformation and failure, which is in accordance with the physical processes under tension and compression.     

等通道转角挤压Al一Mg—Si—Sc合金的低周疲劳行为

针对经过常规热挤压的Al-0．8%Mg-O．6％Si一0．3%ASc合金进行不同道次和路径的等通道转角挤压,采用的等通道转角挤压工艺为1道次和2道次A路径、＆路径和C路径。对等通道转角挤压制备的Al－0．8%Mg－0．6％Si－0．3％Sc合金进行应室温低周疲劳实验,研究了等通道挤压Al一0．8%Mg－0．6％Si－0．3％Sc合金的疲劳行为。结果表明,在低周疲劳加栽条件下,等通道转角挤压Al—Mg—Si—Sc合金可表现为持续循环硬化或初期循环硬化后期循环稳定。合金的弹性应变幅、塑性应变幅与断裂时的栽荷反向周次之间的关系可分别用Basquin和Coffin－Manson公式描述。