卷首语

正颠覆性技术通常指一种另辟蹊径的、对已有传统或主流技术途径产生颠覆性效果的技术,可能是基于新概念、新原理的创新技术,也可能是现有技术的重大创新应用。颠覆性技术往往具有强大的破坏性和革命性,会重构应用领域的体系和秩序。近年来,新一轮科技革命和产业变革不断酝酿发酵,颠覆性技术如雨后春笋般不断涌现,     

卷首语

<正>加快推进制造强国建设是党中央、国务院立足全局、着眼长远作出的重大战略部署。当前,信息技术、新能源、新材料、生物技术等重要领域和前沿方向的革命性突破和交叉融合,正在引发新一轮产业变革,将对全球制造业产生颠覆性的影响。特别是新一代信息技术与制造业的融合,为我国并行跟进这一轮科技革命和产业变革、实现制造业的转型升级和创新发展提供了历史机逼。《中国制造2025》实施两年来取得了积极成效,已成为结构优化、创新发展的重要抓手。还要深入分析当前世界产业发展新态势、竞争新特点,充分认识我国制造业发展的潜力与机     

掌握量子科技,为下一场航空技术变革做好准备

正量子技术,是近几年科技领域的大热门,已广泛应用于生产生活的各个领域,并正在引发深刻的乃至颠覆性的变革。11月30日,航空工业党组书记、董事长谭瑞松到航空工业计量所就量子技术对航空产业发展的作用和影响进行专题调研,参观了冷原子干涉重力测量、超快量子计量实验室,观看了计量所宣传片,听取了计量测试前沿技术研究及量子测量技术发展情况的汇报,并与相     

世界纳米科技企业现状与我国纳米企业发展需求分析

<正>从全球范围看,无论是各主要经济体还是科技界甚至产业界均已形成共识——纳米技术将引领科学技术的划时代飞跃,并带来巨大的产业变革。纳米技术是基础性和先导性强、应用前景广阔、具有重大战略意义的新一代共性技术,正在迅速向各个科技和产业领域渗透,已经逐步成为技术变革和产业升级的重要源头。可以说,纳米技术的进一步发展将引发全球科技与经济竞争格局的重大变革,并将带     

工程科技颠覆性技术战略研究项目综述

颠覆性技术已成为经济社会发展和军事变革的重要推动力量,加强颠覆性技术创新对我国实现转型发展,掌握未来战略主动尤为重要。"工程科技颠覆性技术战略研究"是中国工程院设立的重大咨询项目,旨在谋划我国工程科技颠覆性技术的发展。本文系统介绍了项目研究的目标、内容和思路方法,梳理了项目在颠覆性技术概念研究、预测识别方法研究、世界颠覆性技术发展态势跟踪预警、重大颠覆性技术方向识别评价等方面取得的进展,总结了项目研究中的经验与不足,为国家开展颠覆性技术相关的战略研究提供了有益参考。     

专题《复杂系统的认知科学与创新设计》

专题序言全球新一轮科技革命、产业变革和军事变革加速演进,颠覆性技术不断涌现,创新驱动成为许多国家谋求竞争优势的核心战略。我国既面临赶超跨越的难得历史机遇,也面临差距拉大的严峻挑战。创新设计作为“中国制造2025”中提高我国创新能力的重要举措。     

专题序言

正全球新一轮科技革命、产业变革和军事变革加速演进,颠覆性技术不断涌现,创新驱动成为许多国家谋求竞争优势的核心战略。我国既面临赶超跨越的难得历史机遇,也面临差距拉大的严峻挑战。创新设计作为"中国制造2025"中提高我国创新能力的重要举措,其思维、价值与其在创新生态系统中的角色值得深入研究。     

国内外颠覆性技术研究进展跟踪与研究方法总结

当前,全球科技创新进入空前密集活跃的时期,一些重大颠覆性技术不断涌现,推动新产业与新业态的迭代加速,深刻影响和改变国家力量对比,重塑世界经济结构和国际竞争格局,各国纷纷瞄准这一时代契机,积极对颠覆性技术进行早期识别与培育。本文对国内外各类颠覆性技术研究报告进行了广泛跟踪,对国内外颠覆性技术研究进展及主要采用的颠覆性技术评估与预测方法进行了归纳、分析和评价,并就促进我国颠覆性技术研究科学发展与快速成型提出集中优势资源设立专业智库群、建立科学的技术评估体系等相关建议。     

卷首语

<正>本期《中国工程科学》以"中国铁路'走出去'发展战略"和"引发产业变革的重大颠覆性技术预测研究"的阶段性成果为主要内容,概要介绍了这两大专题的研究成果。实施"走出去"战略是我国面向21世纪全面建设小康社会、保持经济可持续发展的重要国家战略,是统筹国际、国内两个大局,综合运用国际、国内两种资源的重大举措。中国铁路"走出去"作为国家战略的重要组成部分,近年来在工程建设、装备制造、运营管理等方面取得了显著成就,综合实力和国际影响力不断增强,已成为我国对外合作交流的重要领域。     

《中国制造2025》深度解读

<正>当前,世界经济和产业格局正处于大调整、大变革和大发展的新的历史时期。一方面国际金融危机的影响仍在持续,经济复苏缓慢,发展的不确定因素增多;另一方面,全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革酝酿新突破,特别是新一代信息技术与制造业深度融合,加上新能源、新材料、生物技术等方面的突破,正在引发影响深远的产业变革。发达国家纷纷实施“再工业化”战略,强化制造业创新,重塑制造业竞争新优势;一些发展中国家也在加快谋划和     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.