新型高铜的6005A铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能

采用扫描电镜,透射电镜,拉伸试验及疲劳试验分析两种6005A铝合金焊接接头的组织及疲劳性能,揭示影响6005A铝合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹形成的主要原因.结果表明,适量铜能显著提升商用6005A铝合金拉伸性能与疲劳性能,其抗拉强度、断后伸长率和高周疲劳强度分别为220 MPa,12%和106 MPa.6005A铝合金焊接区域疲劳失效源于受焊接热输入影响的沉淀相Mg₂Si粗化长大,适量铜能稳定热影响区相成分,改善远离焊缝的软化区间强化相Mg₂Si在结晶面上偏聚,提高接头区域的疲劳性能.     

6N01铝合金水冷MIG焊接头组织和性能

针对6N01铝合金熔化焊接头软化问题,研究了水冷对MIG焊接头组织和性能的影响,并与自然冷却条件下接头进行对比.金相试验结果表明,水冷使填充和盖面焊道部分熔化区变窄,焊缝近熔合线的柱状晶区变宽,焊缝内部等轴晶细化;显微硬度试验结果表明水冷条件下接头软化区范围明显变窄且硬度提高;软化区TEM观察显示水冷减少了β'析出相长大;水冷还提高了MIG焊接接头屈服强度和抗拉强度.结果表明,水冷能优化6N01铝合金MIG接头组织并提高力学性能.     

Effect of weld reinforcement on fatigue properties of A6N01 aluminum alloy welded joint

Fatigue properties of smooth and reinforcement A6N01 aluminum alloy welded joints were characterized in this paper. Based on measured S-lgN curves and fatigue fracture morphologies, effect of weld reinforcement on the fatigue property of the welded joint was studied. Results show that the weld toe is the weakness region of the reinforcement welded joint due to the stress concentration in this area, thus the fatigue fracture occurred at the weld toe for all the reinforcement welded joints; while the fatigue property of the smooth welded joint was improved due to remove of the weld reinforcement, and the welding defect was the key factor of the fatigue fracture, thus its fracture zones mainly located at welding zone and fusion line.     

高速列车用6061和7N01铝合金焊接接头断裂韧性分析

按照国家标准GB/T 21143-2007《金属材料准静态断裂韧度的统一试验方法》求得高速列车用6061和7N01铝合金焊接接头中焊缝、热影响区和母材3个区域的CTOD值δ_c和J积分值J_c,借助于数理统计的方法对焊接接头的断裂韧性进行了分析,并结合金相组织和断口形貌分析了它们之间关系.结果表明,对数正态分布对小样本断裂韧性数据拟合程度最好;6061和7N01铝合金焊接接头中各区域δ_c值和J_c值热影响区最大,焊缝次之,母材最小;6061和7N01铝合金焊接接头比较,7N01铝合金焊接接头中母材和焊缝的δ_c值和J_c值都优于6061铝合金焊接接头的相同区域;热影响区的δ_c值6061铝合金优于7N01铝合金;而热影响区的J_c值7N01铝合金优于6061铝合金.     

Comparative evaluation of X‐ray test results with bend test results for aluminium alloy welded joints

The SiC particle reinforced aluminum alloy has been developed for various machine parts. Aluminum welded machine parts often require welded joints composed of dissimilar alloys. In the present study, electron beam weldability of dissimilar joints was investigated on different combinations of aluminum alloys of 10 mm thickness. The main alloy is 10% SiC particle reinforced Al–Si aluminum alloy. Combination wrought alloys are Al–Si, Al–Mg, Al–Mg–Si and Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The electron beam machine is a 6 kW high voltage type. The joint groove is of square butt without filler metal.

In the case of SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Si and Al–Mg, joints, weldability was poor because some weld imperfections were recognized such as arcing and other defects. In the case of SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Mg–Si, Al–Zn–Mg–Cu, the cracking sensitivity is low while some small porosity was recognized. Tensile strength became about 150 MPa such as SiC reinforced alloy. Impact values of the SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Mg–Si joint were recovered through 2160 h room temperature ageing. Micro segregation of the Si element was recognized for the SiC reinforced alloy/Al–Mg–Si joint by electron probe microanalyser analysis.     

A6N01S-T5铝合金焊接软化行为及数值模拟

基于A6N01S-T5铝合金焊接接头显微硬度试验和微观组织分析,研究A6N01S-T5铝合金焊接接头软化特征,根据焊接接头不同区域的焊接温度及显微硬度,建立了A6N01S-T5铝合金软化模型.针对高速列车车顶焊接过程数值模拟,开发了基于平均温度曲线法的焊接快速数值模拟方法,并通过典型焊接接头试验验证.结果表明,平均温度曲线法可以替代移动热源进行焊接过程模拟.基于A6N01S-T5铝合金软化模型及平均温度曲线法,模拟高速列车车顶焊接过程,计算的车顶焊接变形与实测值比较吻合.     

TIG熔修对7N01铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

采用焊条电弧焊的方法对7N01铝合金焊接试板进行TIG熔修,对熔修前后的试件进行疲劳寿命测试,并对焊接接头的显微硬度变化进行测试,采用扫描电镜对疲劳断口进行显微形貌分析,并对疲劳源区缺陷进行XRD成分检测.结果表明,TIG熔修对焊趾应力集中的降低有限,还可能引入新的焊接缺陷成为疲劳裂纹源;同时TIG熔修使得焊接区域经受二次加热,沉淀强化相的形态和重新分布造成接头组织弱化,降低了焊接接头抵抗疲劳裂纹扩展的能力,多方面作用的结果是:经TIG熔修后铝合金焊接接头疲劳寿命略有降低,所以对于7N01高强铝合金对接接头单纯采用焊趾TIG熔修的方法提高疲劳性能不具备可行性.     

焊接气孔缺陷对A7N01铝合金焊接接头腐蚀疲劳性能的影响

在不同环境湿度条件下制备了不同焊缝气孔率的A7N01铝合金焊接接头,并通过条件腐蚀疲劳强度和断口微观形貌研究气孔缺陷对焊接接头腐蚀疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,当焊接环境的湿度由常湿增至70%时,焊缝的平均气孔率由0.07%增大为0.16%,接头的条件腐蚀疲劳强度由110 MPa降为100 MPa,焊接气孔缺陷对A7N01铝合金焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳性能有明显影响。焊缝中的气孔会造成严重的缺口效应,引起应力集中,导致裂纹在气孔处优先萌生,并在应力和腐蚀介质的共同作用下形成沿晶与脆性疲劳条带的混合断裂形貌。     

残余应力对高速列车A7N01铝合金焊接接头疲劳行为的影响

研究了残余应力在疲劳加载过程中的应力松弛行为,采用预拉伸、表面喷丸等表面预制残余应力的方法预制了表面残余应力,并研究了焊接接头的疲劳性能. 结果表明,在经过1×105周次循环载荷后,各个部位残余应力发生较大松弛,在经过2×105周次后,应力松弛较1×105周次时松弛幅度降低. 在2×105周次后,应力松弛不再明显,最终残余应力分布在拉应力20～40 MPa之间. 当引入残余应力后,各种条件下的实际应力循环比发生了明显的变化,当应力比R≥0时,随着R的增大,平均应力增大,试样的疲劳周次显著下降. 残余压应力会使裂纹萌生的周期缩短,同时加快疲劳裂纹扩展速率.     

Corrosion fatigue crack propagation behavior of A7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy welded joints from high-speed train underframe after 1.8 million km operation

Using the potentiodynamic polarization analysis, the fatigue crack propagation behavior of A7N01P-T4 aluminum alloy metal inert gas welded joints cut from a high-speed train underframe after 1.8 million km operation was studied in air and in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The fracture surface and crack growth path were analyzed using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction. The results reveal that the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of an A7N01P-T4 welded joint in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is higher than that in air. Furthermore, the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate is noted to be the fastest in the heat-affected zone, followed by the base metal, whereas it is the slowest in the weld metal, which is consistent with the corrosion resistance of the A7N01P-T4 joints. The second phase is observed to exhibit a significant influence on the corrosion fatigue crack propagation path. The cracks are noted to grow toward the soft orientation and have obvious plastic deformation during the propagation process, which indicates that the anodic dissolution is the main cause of the corrosion fatigue crack growth.     

高速列车用A6N01铝合金疲劳裂纹研究

通过疲劳试验研究了高速列车用A6N01铝合金疲劳裂纹的扩展。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了该铝合金的断口形貌和组织。结果表明,A6N01铝合金裂纹萌生于合金中的杂质和气孔处,裂纹扩展区存在疲劳裂纹,瞬断区具有较好的韧性。但合金的强度较低,疲劳试验时易断裂。     

Al-Mg合金填充式搅拌摩擦点焊性能

为了确定Al-Mg铝合金填充式搅拌摩擦点焊性能,以Al-Mg铝合金中2 mm的5A06为研究对象,对填充式搅拌摩擦点焊接头进行了剪切拉伸、十字形拉伸、显微组织和疲劳性能等测试,并建立了焊点组织区模型.结果表明,接头显微组织可以分为焊核区、热影响区、热力影响区和母材区部分;旋转频率为2000 r/min时,剪切载荷均值7865 MPa,十字形拉伸载荷均值3480 N;通过SEM和OM分析,点焊接头疲劳裂纹均起始于上下板结合面的焊点边缘,该区域的环沟槽、孔洞及包铝层等缺陷和应力集中是造成疲劳破坏的主要原因.     

轨道交通用6082铝合金焊接接头组织与性能

采用熔化极氩孤焊(MIG)方法,以ER5356焊丝作为填充材料,对轨道交通用6082铝合金进行焊接,并对获得的接头微观组织和力学性能进行分析测试.金相组织观察表明,接头焊缝金属区为细小的等轴晶组织,主要由α -Al基体相和Mg2Si强化相组成,而热影响区为树枝晶组织,晶粒有所长大.力学性能测试表明,接头的抗拉强度约为母...     

不同焊丝对A7N01铝合金焊接接头力学性能的影响

采用ER5356、ER5183和ER5087焊丝对A7N01S-T5铝合金进行MIG焊接,分析接头力学性能。试验结果表明,三种焊丝的接头焊接残余应力大小基本相当;采用ER5183焊丝焊接的接头抗拉强度和断后伸长率最高,且弯曲性能良好,原因是接头内气孔量较少;采用ER5356焊丝焊接的接头焊缝和热影响区的冲击功最高,ER5087焊丝接头焊缝和热影响区冲击功则低得多。综合来看,ER5183焊丝与A7N01S-T5铝合金的匹配性更好。     

铝合金焊接接头冲击强化的性能

为了提高铝合金焊接接头的力学性能,试验分别采用超声波和调Q脉冲YAG激光对A6061-T6铝合金焊接接头焊趾附近处进行冲击强化,研究了超声波和激光冲击强化下铝合金焊接接头的性能.两种冲击强化模式下,铝合金焊接接头焊趾处近表面均发生了冲击强化效果,并产生了较大的残余压应力,超声波和激光冲击强化后产生的最大残余压应力分别为 -158 MPa和 -145 MPa左右.超声波与激光冲击强化铝合金焊接接头的疲劳寿命差别不大,均比焊态下试样的疲劳寿命提高1倍以上.两种冲击强化方法的疲劳试验样件断裂位置均发生在基体金属上,而焊趾处没有疲劳裂纹产生.     

厚板铝合金FSW和MIG焊接接头疲劳性能

对厚度10 mm的6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和MIG焊接接头的疲劳强度进行了试验研究,并与6082-T6母材疲劳性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,6082-T6母材的疲劳S-N曲线最高、MIG焊接接头S-N曲线度最低,而FSW接头的疲劳S-N曲线近似位于两者之间;在高应力区FSW疲劳强度低于MIG焊接接头、而在低应力区高于MIG焊接接头.大部分FSW试样疲劳裂纹启始于焊缝根部的"弱连接"缺陷,采用机械加工去掉1.4 mm厚度焊缝根部材料后,FSW疲劳强度明显提高并接近母材数据.厚板6082-T6铝合金FSW焊缝根部质量控制是影响疲劳性能的关键因素.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint of 6061 aluminum alloy by plasma-MIG hybrid welding

Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas arc welding) hybrid welding of 6061 aluminum alloy with 6 mm thickness using ER5356 welding wire was carried out.The microstructures and mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated by optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction (XRD),energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS),tensile test,hardness test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to judge the type of tensile fracture.The results showed that the tensile strength of welded joint was 142 MPa which was 53.6％ of the strength of the base metal.The welding seam zone was characterized by dendritic structure.In the fusion zone,the columnar grains existed at one side of the welding seam.The fibrous organization was found in the base metal,and also in the heat affected zone (HAZ) where the recrystallization occurred.The HAZ was the weakest position of the welded joint due to the coarsening of Mg2Si phase.The type of tensile fracture was ductile fracture.     

7075-T6铝合金激光-MIG复合焊焊接接头疲劳寿命原位研究

本文对7075-T6铝合金激光复合焊焊接接头的疲劳寿命进行了探究。结果表明：疲劳裂纹萌生寿命与疲劳寿命之间存在着一定的比例关系。对于母材试样,该比值为64.5%;而对于焊接接头试样,该比值为20.2%。疲劳断口表面观察发现,母材试样的疲劳断口上存在大量韧窝,而焊接接头试样疲劳断口上存在许多气孔。这些气孔被认为是引起焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生寿命急剧下降的主要原因。     

6005A铝合金激光-MIG复合焊接接头超高周疲劳性能试验研究

对18 mm 6005A铝合金厚板进行多层多道激光-MIG复合焊接,采用超声疲劳试验技术对板状焊接接头与母材的超高周疲劳性能进行试验研究。结果表明,焊接接头和母材在10~9循环周次后均会发生疲劳断裂。焊接接头的高周疲劳数据点分散性较大,母材和焊接接头的S-N曲线均呈连续下降趋势,在10~6~10~9周次范围内焊接接头的疲劳强度为母材的50%~80%。对比IIW标准疲劳曲线发现,焊接接头的疲劳性能在N=10~4循环周次下与IIW标准基本一致,在高周范围内表现优于IIW标准。经扫描电镜微观分析发现,焊接接头的裂纹通常萌生在表面气孔处,疲劳裂纹断裂形式为穿晶断裂,主要表现为准解理断裂特征。     

Fatigue behavior of welded joint spray fused by nickel-base alloy powder

Modification of spray fusing (MSF), which is a new method, was used to improve the fatigue strength of welded joints. Cruciform welded joint of Q235B steel was processed by MSF with nickel-base alloy powder of Ni60A and Ni25A. The bonding layer between coating and weld was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that flame spray fusing can produce a coating layer with finer microstructure, lower impurities content, less air hole and higher bonding strength. Stress concentration at weld toe was significantly reduced due to smooth coating of high curvature after MSF. High cycle fatigue test results indicate that fatigue strength of welded joint spray fused by Ni60A is higher than that of welded joint spray fused by Ni25A owing to the good effect of MSF. Low cycle fatigue test results show that fatigue life of welded joint spray fused by Ni25A dose not affected by the poor effect of MSF compared with welded joint spray fused by Ni60A.