胶溶沉淀法制备活性氧化铝

以拟薄水铝石为原料,胶溶沉淀法制备出球形活性氧化铝前驱体,经过系列温度焙烧得到不同相态的活性氧化铝。采用XRD、SEM、比表面积分析仪、EDS能谱对前驱体及焙烧产物进行了表征。研究结果表明,700℃焙烧,得到粒度分布均一、稳定剂离子分布均匀、比表面积大、孔径适中的活性氧化铝;1100℃焙烧后仍能保持较大的比表面积,比表面积为70m2/g,孔容为0.44mL/g,没有高温α相的出现;可作为尾气净化、催化燃烧等多相催化剂的催化剂载体。     

贵金属三效催化剂性能模拟评价方法研究现状

贵金属三效催化剂主要应用于汽油车、压缩天然气车、混合动力车等车型的尾气催化净化,其装车排放及耐久性能的评价是实现高效催化剂研发与应用的关键。基于对近20年来40余篇文献的分析,综述了三效催化剂空燃比特性、起燃特性、储/放氧性能、稳定性的实验室模拟评价方法研究现状,分析了不同模拟评价方法的优势和不足,阐述了模拟评价性能与催化剂装车性能之间的关联性,展望了模拟评价方法研究的重点方向。     

H2O2氧化对铈锆复合氧化物性能的影响研究

以廉价白云石为原料所制备的碳酸氢镁溶液作为沉淀剂合成铈锆复合氧化物,研究沉淀过程中双氧水氧化稀土锆混合料液对铈锆复合氧化物性能的影响。采用XRD、BET、SEM、TPR、O2脉冲化学吸附技术等手段研究了不同氧化时间对铈锆复合氧化物的晶型、比表面积、微观形貌、氧化还原性质和储放氧能力的影响。结果表明:双氧水氧化稀土锆料液不仅可以有效提高铈锆复合氧化物的比表面和高温稳定性,抑制其发生分相,而且可以提高铈锆复合氧化物表面活性氧的数量。随着氧化时间的延长,铈锆复合氧化物的比表面积、老化性能及储氧量增加,氧化时间为30 min时达到最佳效果,其600℃焙烧新鲜比表面积为111.3 m2/g,1000℃老化比表面积为32.9 m2/g,500℃时储氧量为315μmol O2/g;继续延长氧化时间,比表面积、老化性能及储氧量变化不大。     

水热晶化法制备RhCeZrLaNdOx催化剂及其性能研究

采用水热晶化法一步制备了RhCeZrLaNdOx系列催化剂,测定其比表面积、储氧量和还原温度等性能参数,并进行结构和形貌表征,研究了制备过程中水热晶化温度和时间、表面活性剂等条件对催化剂性能、结构和形貌的影响。结果表明,以月桂酸作为表面活性剂,在160℃水热晶化4 h制备的催化剂具有较大的比表面积、较高的储氧量和较低的还原温度,微观结构为四方相的固溶体纳米颗粒。与传统浸渍法制备的Rh/CeZrLaNdOx催化剂比较,水热晶化法制备的催化剂对CO还原NO具有更好的低温催化活性。     

铈锆复合氧化物在摩托车尾气净化催化剂中的应用

采用共沉淀法制备了Ce0.8Zr0.3O2和Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2两种复合氧化物,并用XRD、BET及OSC等方法对复合氧化物的结构、织构及储氧性能进行了表征.结果表明,2种复合氧化物均形成了立方相的铈锆固溶体并具有良好的织构及热稳定性能,经1000℃,5 h老化后的Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2比表面积仍高达50m2/g以上.将所制备的复合氧化物用于摩托车尾气净化三效催化剂,模拟摩托车尾气的组成,分别对Pt-Rh/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2和Pt-Rh/Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2 2种催化剂进行了活性评价.结果显示,催化剂Pt-Rh/Ce0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2在老化前后均具有高的三效催化活性和高的抗热老化性及宽的空燃比窗口.     

储氧量及空燃比对钯催化剂选择氧化CH_4和CO的影响

制备了Pd/AlLaZrTiO_x(Pd/A),Pd/AlCeZrLaO_x(Pd/CZ)和Pd/(AlLaZrTiO_x+AlCeZrLaO_x)(Pd/CZA)3种催化剂,用热分析仪测试其储氧值(OSC),用红外光谱仪测试在过量空气系数(α)分别为0.8、1.0和1.4时3种催化剂对CH_4和CO的选择氧化性能。结果表明,催化剂的储氧性能和空燃比氛围均对CH4和CO的选择氧化性能有较大影响。储氧能力较差的Pd/A和Pd/CZA催化剂在α=1(理论空燃比)时有利于CH_4的催化燃烧,在α=1.4(富氧条件)时对CO的完全氧化有利;储氧能力较好的Pd/CZ催化剂对CH_4的催化燃烧和CO的完全氧化均在α=1左右时比较有利。贫氧条件下,Pd/CZ催化剂有利于CH_4的催化燃烧和CO的完全氧化;富氧条件下,Pd/CZA催化剂有利于CH_4的催化燃烧和CO的完全氧化;在理论空燃比附近,Pd/A催化剂对CH_4的催化燃烧较好,Pd/CZ催化剂对CO的完全氧化较好。     

Au/α-Fe_2O_3 催化剂上金活性物种的分析(英文)

采用沉积沉淀法制备了CO低温氧化 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂,利用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、BET 比表面测定、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征技术,对比了制备过程 pH 值的微小变化、焙烧及光线照射对催化剂结构及催化性能的影响,探明了 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂的活性物种。结果表明,110 ℃处理的 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂表面同时存在 Au3+、Au0以及过渡态 Auδ+(0δ1),它们对 CO 氧化的活性顺序为 Au3+Auδ+Au0;pH 值为 8 条件下制备的催化剂 Au3+含量高、比表面积大,催化性能最好;高温焙烧使氧化态金还原的同时也使载体比表面积严重缩小,催化活性显著下降;紫外线照射可以引起 Au3+的逐渐还原以及 Au0 颗粒的生长,其催化失活作用弱于高温焙烧。     

Analysis of the Active Au Species on Au/α-Fe2O3 Catalyst

采用沉积沉淀法制备了CO低温氧化 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂,利用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、X 射线光电子能谱(XPS)、BET 比表面测定、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等表征技术,对比了制备过程 pH 值的微小变化、焙烧及光线照射对催化剂结构及催化性能的影响,探明了 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂的活性物种。结果表明,110 ℃处理的 Au/α-Fe2O3催化剂表面同时存在 Au3+、Au0以及过渡态 Auδ+(0<δ<1),它们对 CO 氧化的活性顺序为 Au3+>Auδ+>Au0;pH 值为 8 条件下制备的催化剂 Au3+含量高、比表面积大,催化性能最好;高温焙烧使氧化态金还原的同时也使载体比表面积严重缩小,催化活性显著下降;紫外线照射可以引起 Au3+的逐渐还原以及 Au0 颗粒的生长,其催化失活作用弱于高温焙烧。     

程序升温还原法和程序升温脱附法表征全Pd催化剂

研制的新型储氧材料具有高的储氧量和大的比表面积,显示出良好的抗高温老化性能.将新型的储氧材料作为载体添加到Pd/Al2O3催化剂中,用程序升温还原法(TPR)和程序升温脱附法(TPD)对催化剂Pd/Al2O3、Pd/OSZ及Pd/Al2O3+OSZ性能进行表征,表明储氧材料的添加,影响了Pd的氧化还原性能和氧脱附性能,提高了催化剂的活性.     

介孔二氧化铈纳米材料的制备与性能

采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米氧化铈(CeO2)储氧材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析考察了焙烧温度对氧化铈物相结构的影响;利用热重分析(TG)对沉淀物到氧化物转变过程进行了具体分析;通过储氧量(OSC)测定和氢气程序升温还原性(H2-TPR)测定及其织构性能测定(BET法)等不同手段对CeO2材料进行了表征。结果表明:采用沉淀法制备得到的纯CeO2材料属于纳米级介孔材料。该材料具有较好的抗高温老化性能,较强的氧化还原能力,较大的比表面积和孔容及合理的平均孔径。在1000℃高温焙烧后仍然保持立方萤石结构,虽然有所烧结,但仍能保持纳米晶粒和纳米孔结构。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。