Assessment of environment-, health- and safety aspects of fine chemical processes during early design phases

Most environmental-, health- and safety problems (EHS) of a chemical process are fixed during the early stages of the design process, when the chemical reaction pathway and the reaction parameters (e.g. solvents, temperature) are selected. Although a large variety of methods exist for assessing EHS problems of existing processes, none of them can be applied as a general method during early design phases, where many parameters and substance data are still unknown. This study proposes a flexible method for identifying and semiquantifying all relevant EHS-problems of a chemical process. This method is incorporated into a largely automatised tool combining process flowsheeting programs and different environmental databases. Environmental aspects are separated from health and safety aspects. Both parts are further subdivided into different effect categories such as e.g. fire, acute toxicity or water pollution. Values representing the magnitude of an EHS-problem are calculated for each category in a transparent and clearly documented way. The results (kind, magnitude and origin of EHS-problems) can be viewed in different degrees of detail ranging from simple overall indices to detailed studies of an environmental effect. We will present the results of the application of this tool to a six step batch process of a pharmaceutical intermediate.     

以EHS管理体系构建高校危险化学品安全管理长效机制

危险化学品是高校化学实验室广泛使用的实验用品,因其具有易燃、易爆、易中毒、腐蚀性等特点,容易发生安全事故,是高校安全管理工作的重要内容之一。 EHS是指建立环境、健康、安全的组织机构及其职责、程序、过程和资源等构成的整体,是三位一体的管理体系,突出强调事前预防和持续改进,以便最大限度地减少事故、环境污染和人身伤害的发生。本文探讨了新形势下高校危险化学品安全管理存在的问题,并引入EHS管理体系构建高校危险化学品安全管理的长效机制。     

The Critical Importance of Molecular Biomarkers and Imaging in the Study of Electrohypersensitivity. A Scientific Consensus International Report

Clinical research aiming at objectively identifying and characterizing diseases via clinical observations and biological and radiological findings is a critical initial research step when establishing objective diagnostic criteria and treatments. Failure to first define such diagnostic criteria may lead research on pathogenesis and etiology to serious confounding biases and erroneous medical interpretations. This is particularly the case for electrohypersensitivity (EHS) and more particularly for the so-called “provocation tests”, which do not investigate the causal origin of EHS but rather the EHS-associated particular environmental intolerance state with hypersensitivity to man-made electromagnetic fields (EMF). However, because those tests depend on multiple EMF-associated physical and biological parameters and have been conducted in patients without having first defined EHS objectively and/or endpoints adequately, they cannot presently be considered to be valid pathogenesis research methodologies. Consequently, the negative results obtained by these tests do not preclude a role of EMF exposure as a symptomatic trigger in EHS patients. Moreover, there is no proof that EHS symptoms or EHS itself are caused by psychosomatic or nocebo effects. This international consensus report pleads for the acknowledgement of EHS as a distinct neuropathological disorder and for its inclusion in the WHO International Classification of Diseases.     

Structural characterization,phase analysis and electrochemical hydrogen storage studies on new pyrochlore SmRETi2O7 (RE = Dy,Ho, and Yb) microstructures

A modified solid-state method was used to synthesize new SmRETi₂O₇ pyrochlores. The new samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were done by MAUD software to obtain crystallographic parameters. Based on the results, the crystal system of the new SmRETi₂O₇ pyrochlores was cubic with Fd3m space group. A slight shift in the Bragg positions was observed which was related to the cationic radii of the rare earth cations. The correlation between the structural parameters and the crystallographic data was also done. Besides, the electrochemical hydrogen storage (EHS) capacity of these pyrochlores were investigated. The holmium-containing oxide structure (SmHoTi₂O₇) compared to other samples exhibited a higher discharge capacity, about 1340 mAh/g. The results of EHS studies well correlated with the crystallographic data.     

现代化工园区安全、环保体系建设

在总结国内外化工园区先进经验的基础上,提出了现代化工园区安全、环保体系的建设内容。化工园区安全、环保体系的全面建设,可以提升园区防范和应对各类环境、安全事故灾难的能力,降低园区发展所带来的各类安全、环境风险。     

现代油田企业安全与环保标准体系

介绍了石油天然气企业安全与环保的特点与国内外油气工业安全环保标准发展趋势,提出了建立现代油田企业安全与环保标准体系的目的、意义和主要内容。     

Hemlock Woolly Adelgid and Elongate Hemlock Scale Induce Changes in Foliar and Twig Volatiles of Eastern Hemlock

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) is in rapid decline because of infestation by the invasive hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae; ‘HWA’) and, to a lesser extent, the invasive elongate hemlock scale (Fiorinia externa; ‘EHS’). For many conifers, induced oleoresin-based defenses play a central role in their response to herbivorous insects; however, it is unknown whether eastern hemlock mobilizes these inducible defenses. We conducted a study to determine if feeding by HWA or EHS induced changes in the volatile resin compounds of eastern hemlock. Young trees were experimentally infested for 3 years with HWA, EHS, or neither insect. Twig and needle resin volatiles were identified and quantified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. We observed a suite of changes in eastern hemlock’s volatile profile markedly different from the largely terpenoid-based defense response of similar conifers. Overall, both insects produced a similar effect: most twig volatiles decreased slightly, while most needle volatiles increased slightly. Only HWA feeding led to elevated levels of methyl salicylate, a signal for systemic acquired resistance in many plants, and benzyl alcohol, a strong antimicrobial and aphid deterrent. Green leaf volatiles, often induced in wounded plants, were increased by both insects, but more strongly by EHS. The array of phytochemical changes we observed may reflect manipulation of the tree’s biochemistry by HWA, or simply the absence of functional defenses against piercing-sucking insects due to the lack of evolutionary contact with these species. Our findings verify that HWA and EHS both induce changes in eastern hemlock’s resin chemistry, and represent the first important step toward understanding the effects of inducible chemical defenses on hemlock susceptibility to these exotic pests.     

氯气吸收系统改造

在离子膜和隔膜烧碱系统开停车和发生突发事故时,通过对淡氯塔和事故塔未吸收完全的尾气进行二级吸收处理,达到保护人身安全和环保排放的目的。实践证明,该工艺能满足大中型氯碱装置的安全环保生产需要。     

Environmental management at coke plants

It is important to introduce an environmental management system in accordance with the ISO 14001 standard so as to improve the environmental safety of coke plants. Examples of reduced environmental impact show the effectiveness of the system introduced at OAO Koks.     

绿色化工园区规范化建设的研究

近年来由于国家对环保的重视以及政策要求,我国的化工园区得到了长足的发展。但是在化工园区蓬勃发展的背后也凸显着因粗放式建设而导致的环境、产业可持续发展等方面的矛盾也越来越突出,建设绿色化工园区是解决这一矛盾的出路。本文应用系统工程的相关理论将规范化建设化工园区的问题分解为绿色规划、绿色评价、提高环保水平、提高安全水平、提高园区智能化水平等5个相互关联、相辅相成的子问题。认为绿色规划的结果直接影响评价、环保和安全水平,园区的安全、环保等问题可通过智能化来解决。理清这些子问题的相互关系是实现绿色化工园区规范化建设的保障。     

TGIC固化体系粉末涂料的环保节能优势

论述了TGIC(异氰脲酸三缩水甘油酯)的毒性及TGIC固化体系粉末涂料的安全生产和使用。阐明了TGIC固化体系粉末涂料的环保和节能优势。     

安全应急管理系统技术研究

针对石化行业日益严重的安全管理和事故应急处置问题,提出了一套集成化的企业安全应急管理系统整体解决方案,以安全标准化管理规范为理论框架,覆盖DCS、消防、可燃气体探测、环境污染检测、气象、视频监控及厂区地理信息等系统,实现集成化监控与预警,围绕风险和危险源,主动规划并推动企业安全管理工作,实现健康(H)、安全(S)、环保(E)三大主题的全过程闭环管理。该系统已经在国内各大石化和化工企业广泛应用。     

不同运行环境蒸汽动力系统特性

环境温度和压力作为蒸汽动力系统的自然工作条件,对于动力系统尤其是增压锅炉装置运行的安全性及经济性有重要影响。建立了蒸汽动力系统仿真模型,对不同环境条件下的动力系统运行特性进行仿真研究。结果表明：环境温度越高,涡轮增压机组辅机功率及蒸汽消耗量越大,动力系统燃油消耗量越大;环境压力越低,涡轮增压机组辅机功率及蒸汽消耗量越大,动力系统燃油消耗量越大;动力系统负荷越低,辅助汽轮机在为压气机提供功率时所占的比重越大。     

广州新白云国际机场压型钢板锌加涂装工艺

列举了业主规定的压型钢板的涂装配套及膜厚要求,介绍了锌加的涂装工艺、安全与环保、质量检验。     

着力五个升级——打造高端有机颜料制造企业

江苏双乐化工颜料有限公司是一家专业生产酞菁颜料和铬系颜料的企业，是中国主要的颜料生产企业之一。此文叙述了该企业通过质量升级、安全升级、环保升级、信息化升级、人才队伍升级，全面提升颜料产品的技术含量和企业的综合素质，打造高端有机颜料制造企业。     

Variation in Plant Defense against Invasive Herbivores: Evidence for a Hypersensitive Response in Eastern Hemlocks (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tsuga canadensis</Emphasis>)

Herbivores can trigger a wide array of morphological and chemical changes in their host plants. Feeding by some insects induces a defensive hypersensitive response, a defense mechanism consisting of elevated H₂O₂ levels and tissue death at the site of herbivore feeding. The invasive hemlock woolly adelgid Adelges tsugae (‘HWA’) and elongate hemlock scale Fiorinia externa (‘EHS’) feed on eastern hemlocks; although both are sessile sap feeders, HWA causes more damage than EHS. The rapid rate of tree death following HWA infestation has led to the suggestion that feeding induces a hypersensitive response in hemlock trees. We assessed the potential for an herbivore-induced hypersensitive response in eastern hemlocks by measuring H₂O₂ levels in foliage from HWA-infested, EHS-infested, and uninfested trees. Needles with settled HWA or EHS had higher H₂O₂ levels than control needles, suggesting a localized hypersensitive plant response. Needles with no direct contact to settled HWA also had high H₂O₂ levels, suggesting that HWA infestation may induce a systemic defense response in eastern hemlocks. There was no similar systemic defensive response in the EHS treatment. Our results showed that two herbivores in the same feeding guild had dramatically different outcomes on the health of their shared host.     

油气回收技术推行问题探讨

为油库、加油站、油品运输车辆加装油气回收装置,是近年来我国提高油品储运环节本质安全度、减少油气挥发、改善大气环境的一项重要举措。本文系统探讨了油气回收项目推广对健康、安全、环保工作的重要性,并重点对企业在实施油气回收工程改造过程中遇到的6个问题进行了探讨,提出了系统规划、统筹布局,使油气回收工程更有成效、经济效益更好的思路。     

化工工艺与设备适应性设计

化工工艺和化工设备是化工生产的软件和硬件系统,设计人员根据生产工艺需求,通过适应性结构设计和创新,使化工设备达到安全,环保,低能耗的效果,并能充分适应原有结构,促进工艺原料的合理改进及设备结构的适应性简化.     

半导体激光气体分析系统在水泥厂的应用

非接触式实时在线LGA-2000型系列半导体激光气体分析系统,与传统采样方式的分析系统相比较,优势明显,半导体激光气体分析系统能够满足现代水泥生产工艺技术要求,可提供陕速准确可靠的分析数据,是确保安全、环保生产水泥的一种理想分析系统。