A study of enterprise resource planning (ERP) system performance measurement using the quantitative balanced scorecard approach

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have been used in integrating information and accelerating its distribution across functions and departments with the aim to increase organizations’ operational performance. Thus, it is worth measuring ERP system performance based on its impact to critical performance of an organization: this requires a systematic method that bridges ERP performance measurement and key organizational performance. The hierarchical balanced scorecard (HBSC) model with respect to multiple criteria decision-making is such a systematic approach to ERP performance measurement. An ERP evaluation framework that integrates the balanced scorecard dimensions, linguistic variables, and non-additive fuzzy integral provides an objective approach to measuring both the performance level of the ERP system and its contribution to the strategic objectives of high-tech firms. Taking Taiwan’s high-tech firms as an example, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of this integrated approach to measure the performance of ERP systems at the post-implementation stage under evaluators’ subjective, uncertainty, and vagueness judgments.     

Measuring e-business performance: Towards a revised balanced scorecard approach

The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a management system that enables executives and managers to map their strategic objectives onto a set of performance measures in four inter-related areas, known as the financial, customer, learning and growth, and the internal process perspectives. Based on research into leading and lagging e-business companies and their measurement practices, this paper introduces an approach to modifying the balanced scorecard, applicable to the management of e-business units in which the customer perspective of the traditional balanced score card is supplemented by the incorporation of four additional perspectives (brand, service, market and technology) that have been found to be critical to the development and execution of e-business strategies. This approach facilitates a clearer understanding of the customer perspective, which consequently benefits the process of selecting the goals and measures associated with the other three perspectives, improving the quality of the overall decision-making and managerial processes as a whole.     

供应链质量绩效动态评价平衡记分卡模型*

为研究供应链质量绩效评价的动态性问题,提出将传统的四维平衡记分卡扩展为五维平衡记分卡。在此基础上建立了供应链质量绩效评价的五维平衡记分卡模型,针对此模型构建了一个衡量供应链运行质量的三层量化指标体系,利用FAHP技术进行各绩效指标权重的计算,且通过分类方法把支持向量机的输入降维,最后,结合加权最小二乘支持向量机的预测功能得到整体绩效评估结果,为供应链的合理分析和决策制定提供依据。     

基于改进的BOCR和FANP模型的ERP系统选择方法*

ERP系统能够明显影响企业未来的竞争力和企业绩效。ERP系统的选择是一个典型的多因素决策问题。基于BOCR理论建立了ERP系统选择的评价指标体系,考虑了准则/指标之间的相互影响和反馈关系。由于评价过程中信息的不精确和模糊性,用三角模糊数表示专家或决策者的偏好意见,根据模糊优先规划方法计算三角模糊判断矩阵的局部权重。依据准则/指标之间的网络结构关系建立了未加权超矩阵,计算了收敛后的极限超矩阵,以得出各指标的综合权重。最后以案例说明如何应用提出的方法。     

Fuzzy AHP-based decision support system for selecting ERP systems in textile industry by using balanced scorecard

An enterprise resource planning system (ERP) is the information backbone of a company that integrates and automates all business operations. It is a critical issue to select the suitable ERP system which meets all the business strategies and the goals of the company. This study presents an approach to select a suitable ERP system for textile industry. Textile companies have some difficulties to implement ERP systems such as variant structure of products, production variety and unqualified human resources. At first, the vision and the strategies of the organization are checked by using balanced scorecard. According to the company’s vision, strategies and KPIs, we can prepare a request for proposal. Then ERP packages that do not meet the requirements of the company are eliminated. After strategic management phase, the proposed methodology gives advice before ERP selection. The criteria were determined and then compared according to their importance. The rest ERP system solutions were selected to evaluate. An external evaluation team consisting of ERP consultants was assigned to select one of these solutions according to the predetermined criteria. In this study, the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, a fuzzy extension of the multi-criteria decision-making technique AHP, was used to compare these ERP system solutions. The methodology was applied for a textile manufacturing company.     

Implementation and performance evaluation using the fuzzy network balanced scorecard

The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a multi-criteria evaluation concept that highlights the importance of performance measurement. However, although there is an abundance of literature on the BSC framework, there is a scarcity of literature regarding how the framework with dependence and interactive relationships should be properly implemented in uncertainty. This study proposes a hybrid approach: the analytic network process (ANP) is used to analyze the dependence aspects, the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is used to deal with the interactive criteria, and the fuzzy set theory is used to evaluate the uncertainty. The four BSC aspects and 22 criteria are evaluated for a private university of science and technology in Taiwan. The results show that student acquisition is the most influential and weighty criterion, and the annual growth in revenue is the most effective criterion. Managerial implications are also discussed, and concluding remarks are made.     

A semantic fuzzy expert system for a fuzzy balanced scorecard

Balanced scorecard is a widely recognized tool to support decision making in business management. Unfortunately, current balanced scorecard-based systems present two drawbacks: they do not allow to define explicitly the semantics of the underlying knowledge and they are not able to deal with imprecision and vagueness. To overcome these limitations, in this paper we propose a semantic fuzzy expert system which implements a generic framework for the balanced scorecard. In our approach, knowledge about balanced scorecard variables is represented using an OWL ontology, therefore allowing reuse and sharing of the model among different companies. The ontology acts as the basis for the fuzzy expert system, which uses highly interpretable fuzzy IF–THEN rules to infer new knowledge. Results are valuable pieces of information to help managers to improve the achievement of the strategic objectives of the company. A main contribution of this work it that the system is general and can be customized to adapt to different scenarios.     

基于博弈论的能量均衡路由算法

针对传感器网络能量不均衡且网络性能易受自私节点影响的问题,利用博弈论的思想,构建了均衡能耗的博弈模型(EBGM)。该算法从激励节点合作行为出发,引入能量关注因子,摒除传统博弈算法以剩余能量作为调整转发意愿的唯一标准,转而根据节点现有能量比例与邻居能量比例的差异程度进行调节。对EBGM模型进行理论分析,证明了纳什均衡点的存在性,且其能够趋于帕累托最优。仿真结果表明,EBGM模型能够促进节点合作行为、均衡能量开销、延长网络的整体生存周期。     

基于子空间辨识的模型预测控制器经济性能评估方法

目前模型预测控制器(MPC)的经济性能评估(EPA)方法多依赖于过程解析的稳态模型,为了更方便有效的对MPC经济性能进行评估,本文提出一种基于子空间辨识的模型预测控制器经济性能评估方法,仅利用过程操作数据即可实现对控制器的经济性能评估,避免了对过程解析稳态模型的依赖性.利用已知过程操作数据,通过子空间辨识求取子空间矩阵...     

基于E-learning的ERP系统学习模型研究

企业资源计划系统(ERP)是一个复杂的软件系统,具有功能模块众多、计划编制和数据流转关系复杂、体现的管理思想和方法多样等特点.针对传统ERP学习方法的不足,在分析ERP软件特点和复杂性基础上,基于E-learning理论和Agent技术提出一个ERP系统学习模型-ERPLM学习模型,对模型的体系架构,各类学习信息的表示以及关键Agent的设计和实现进行了详细地分析和论述,并提出了一种基于模糊综合评判的面向目标的学习评价方法.     

基于语言共识模型的电子商务信用风险评价方法

电子商务信用风险评价能够更好地维护市场规则并防范交易主体的合法权益.从语言评价信息的角度,利用多属性群决策方法对电子商务信用风险评价方法进行探讨.首先,提出个体语言共识测度和群体语言共识测度;然后,针对共识性水平较低的决策群体,构建一种整数规划模型,用于调整决策者给出的初始语言决策信息;最后,提出一种基于语言共识模型的...     

Using the balanced scorecard in assessing the performance of e-SCM diffusion: A multi-stage perspective

Electronic supply chain management (e-SCM), a specific form of inter-organizational systems, has generally regarded as one of the major strategies to create competitive advantage. The diffusion of e-SCM among trading partners is critical for its final successful use and accordingly, performance impact. However, the diffusion process is complex and dynamic in nature and involves an evolutionary property across time. Innovation diffusion theory (IDT) is defined for effectively exploring diffusion process with multiple stages. Moreover, prior studies have found inconclusive results of IT-enabled performance due to inadequate measures. The balanced scorecard (BSC) with the extension to SCM, incorporating four performance perspectives, is appropriate for overcoming this problem. Grounding on the IDT and BSC, this study proposes a novel framework for exploring the relationships between a stage-based structure and the BSC. Data are collected from a questionnaire survey. The results indicate that there are significant differences between external diffusion and the two earlier stages, adoption and internal diffusion, on the four BSC perspectives. Furthermore, all of the four perspectives are well realized at external diffusion stage. Implications for managers and scholars are discussed.     

An integrated decision making approach for ERP system selection

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have gained major prominence by enabling companies to streamline their operations, leverage and integrate business data process. In order to implement an ERP project successfully, it is necessary to select an ERP system which can be aligned with the needs of the company. Thus, a robust decision making approach for ERP software selection requires both company needs and characteristics of the ERP system and their interactions to be taken into account. This paper develops a novel decision framework for ERP software selection based on quality function deployment (QFD), fuzzy linear regression and zero–one goal programming. The proposed framework enables both company demands and ERP system characteristics to be considered, and provides the means for incorporating not only the relationships between company demands and ERP system characteristics but also the interactions between ERP system characteristics through adopting the QFD principles. The presented methodology appears as a sound investment decision making tool for ERP systems as well as other information systems. The potential use of the proposed decision framework is illustrated through an application.     

Research on the HRM performance assessment model based on FPGA embedded system and bayesian network

Human Resource Management (HRM) is a structured and fully organized people-managed process. IT includes the person setting up the organization (employer), cash holding and benefits management, performance management, and alternative management and maintenance. One of the strategies for a successful company is to attract talented individuals to any particular position and retain key employees in a better and more energetic workforce. In any field, small or large, human resource management plays its traditional role, but its staff can expand its scope to evaluate performance. Due to the evolution of the new service comes the field of human resource management. The development of a new organization called a performance management system (PMS). Performance appraisal is the social irresponsible management center of companies and organizations, and each appraisal index of the proper allocation of human resources should be given appropriate weights that are important to organize and align the organizational structure and the performance management system at the limits of the individual goals of the sports organization's business goals. This article addresses the validity of PMS. Research programs that serve as a strategic tool for a performance management system achieve a strong foundation for employees to achieve their ambitions and goals for the company to achieve their core financial goals. Propose to implement a Bayesian Network (BN) Representation based Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) that allow for continuous monitoring of embedded systems under a time and resource basis. Advanced package tools integrated with hardware implementation provide a specific offline configuration. The proposed hybrid redesign device is evaluated to indicate potential acceleration. Some modifications to the hardware's functionality have been explored to better balance accuracy, performance, and resource allocation.     

Designing a knowledge-based system for strategic planning: A balanced scorecard perspective

First developed by Kaplan and Norton [Kaplan R. S., & Norton D. P. (1992). The balance scorecard – measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review, 70(1), 71–79], balanced scorecard (BSC) provides an integrated view of overall organizational performance and strategic objectives. BSC integrates financial measures with other key performance indicators to create a perspective that incorporates both financial and non-financial aspects. BSC has proven a powerful tool for strategic planning and communicating strategy that assists in strategy implementation. Successful strategy implementation is based on effective strategic planning. Owing to the strategic planning being a virtual necessity in business, this work proposes an integrated approach for the balanced scorecard tool and knowledge-based system using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, and then develops an intellectual BSC knowledge-based system for strategic planning that sets or selects firm management or operational strategies based on the following perspectives: learning and growth, internal/business process, customer, and financial performance. This system can help determine specific strategy weights. The intellectual BSC knowledge-based system facilities efficient automated strategic planning.     

基于ERP系统二次开发工具的研究及应用

采用成熟套件+二次开发是成功实施具有特色ERP系统的主要方法,而一个成熟的ERP二次开发工具是成功实施ERP不可缺少的保障。通过研究钢铁企业ERP二次开发的特点,归纳总结出一个采用Oracle ERP+Delphi+PL/SQL进行二次开发应用的方法。     

Proposing a new integrated model based on sustainability balanced scorecard (SBSC) and MCDM approaches by using linguistic variables for the performance evaluation of oil producing companies

Using the balanced scorecard approach based on sustainable development parameters is a powerful and useful methodology to evaluate the sustainable performance of organization or company. In this paper, a new approach based on sustainability balanced scorecard (SBSC) and multi criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches is developed for evaluating the performance of oil producing companies in Iran. For reflecting the interdependent relationships among factors influencing the problem under consideration, analytical network process (ANP), a branch of the MCDM techniques, is employed. However, using the ANP method for calculating the preference ratings of alternatives is a time-consuming and bothersome process; therefore, COPRAS (COmplex PRoportional ASsessment) technique is adopted to prioritize the feasible alternatives in terms of linguistic variables. Based on this study, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The performance evaluation model proposed by using a combination of the MCDM methods and the SBSC approach helps authorities to make an attempt for achieving a competitive advantage.     

Analyzing alternatives in reverse logistics for end-of-life computers: ANP and balanced scorecard approach

Activities in reverse logistics activities are extensively practiced by computer hardware industries. One of the important problems faced by the top management in the computer hardware industries is the evaluation of various alternatives for end-of-life (EOL) computers. Analytic network process (ANP) based decision model presented in this paper structures the problem related to options in reverse logistics for EOL computers in a hierarchical form and links the determinants, dimensions, and enablers of the reverse logistics with alternatives available to the decision maker. In the proposed model, the dimensions of reverse logistics for the EOL computers have been taken from four perspectives derived from balanced scorecard approach, viz. customer, internal business, innovation and learning, and finance. The proposed approach, therefore, links the financial and non-financial, tangible and intangible, internal and external factors, thus providing a holistic framework for the selection of an alternative for the reverse logistics operations for EOL computers. Many criteria, sub-criteria, determinants, etc. for the selection of reverse logistics options are interrelated. The ability of ANP to consider interdependencies among and between levels of decision attributes makes it an attractive multi-criteria decision-making tool. Thus, a combination of balanced scorecard and ANP-based approach proposed in this paper provides a more realistic and accurate representation of the problem for conducting reverse logistics operations for EOL computers.     

A framework for designing the balanced supply chain scorecard

Effective measurements of Supply Chain Management (SCM) in the context of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) have become more important. In the existing SCM performance studies, there are three limitations. First, the SCM measures are not reconciled with the BSC. Second, SCM measures have not comprehensively considered the goals that can be achieved by SCM strategies and solutions. Third, the measures have not identified the characteristics of industry, product, and production strategy. In this paper, we propose a framework for the Balanced Supply Chain Scorecard that considers the literature on the BSC and SCM, SCM solutions, and product characteristics. We analyze the causal relationships between the SCM solutions and product characteristics against measures. The identified relationship between the measures and SCM solutions can be used to evaluate the impact of SCM solutions. Using a case study, we find that the importance of measures significantly depends on the product characteristics. This study can be used to expand the BSC into the area of Strategic Enterprise Management systems, thus to relate performance measures to business activities.     

Integrating hierarchical balanced scorecard with fuzzy linguistic for evaluating operating room performance in hospitals

Health care organizations are operating in a complex environment. The competitive and dynamic health care sector has spurred hospitals into delivering greater flexibility and quality of services. An efficient performance evaluation system is essential for controlling, monitoring and improving service quality in health care organizations. The performance evaluation of operating room (OR) is a useful work for managers to control the operational process of OR team so as to promote the performance. This paper explores the use of a management tool: balanced scorecard (BSC), which facilitates managers to meet multiple strategic goals, and fuzzy linguistic method for evaluating OR performance. BSC is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government and nonprofit organizations. First, a model is developed for measuring the acceptable performance of OR based on the interaction financial, customers, internal business process and learning and growth perspective. After that, BSC structure integrated with fuzzy linguistic is proposed for measuring and improving the service. The aim of this study was to build a performance evaluation system for OR and use a fuzzy linguistic to convert the subjective cognition of managers into an information entity and confirmation of improvement. This research results are able to help the organisation to evaluate and revise its strategy and generally to adopt modern management approaches in every day practise.