Waste Minimization At A Nitrocellulose Manufacturing Facility

This paper describes how a nitrocellulose manufacturing facility, the Taiwan Nitrocellulose Industrial Company (TNC), applied the waste minimization assessment methodology developed by USEPA to reduce, recycle and recover the wastes generated at one of its satellite plant located Taoyuan, Taiwan. Since implementing the waste minimization program in the late 1980's, the company not only has solved waste disposal problems associated with the production and met the stringent environmental regulations, but also improved the nitrocellulose productivity over 20% and maintained a top five position despite harsh international competition.     

Community Planning for Small-Quantity Hazardous Waste Generators

Only recently has the small-quantity generator of hazardous waste come under federal or state regulation. The wastes produced by these generators, however, pose serious threats to health and environmental resources in almost every community. Local planners should and can design preventive strategies to deal with management of these wastes. Such strategies should include problem assessment, education programs, technical assistance to generators, and revision of local land use policy to prohibit improper disposal practices. This article presents new information useful to planners in assessing the problem in their communities, and it suggests elements of a planning approach to control the small-quantity hazardous waste stream.     

Hazardous Waste: Future Consideration

In most industries the goods and money move in opposite directions, but in waste management the goods and money travel in the same direction. Consequently to the customer, quality of goods and service might be measured only by price. However, customers are now becoming more sensitive to factors such as environmental quality. They are also becoming aware of the range of disposal options, together with the names of the companies which operate these disposal or treatment sites. Essentially the options are: recyling and recovery, sea disposal, landfill, physico-chemical treatment, solidification, biological treatment and thermal destruction. The Control of Pollution Act 1974 requires that all landfill sites and treatment centres are licensed by the waste disposal authority. These authorities are obliged to act in the public interest, and hence there is a complex interaction of science and politics. This situation often gives rise to localized opposition to facilities which are needed by the community. The UK disposes of 83 per cent of its potentially difficult wastes to landfill whilst Holland disposes of 52 per cent via this route. The cost of disposal varies throughout Europe but, in general, prices in the UK are lower than in Europe, which has led to the importation of wastes from the continent. Economics applies to the waste-disposal industry as much as any other industry, therefore facilities are supplied in response to demand. Price alone will not always be adequate in obtaining the ‘best practical environmental option’. disposal the goods and the money go in the same direction, i.e. to the waste management contractor. This at first sight may not seem important until it is realized that the major control upon the quality of a service is, in fact, the satisfaction with the goods and service which the customer receives. In most cases it is sufficient that the customer disposes of the waste material in a legal manner. However, the judgement of quality of disposal could be of little consequence to him. The factors that concern a customer when he chooses a service include the price, the quality of service, market presentation and reputation. These factors apply in the waste management industry, but the difficulty for the customer is to judge the quality of the service and the market presentation or, more correctly in this case, the quality of operation of the waste contractor. If the latter two factors become difficult to judge, the price becomes a critical factor. This leads to a low standard of operation in the business where price competition becomes more important than the quality of the service. Companies are looking not just for the cheapest legal option but for the best option and what has been referred to as the ‘best practical environmental option’. In the UK the vast majority of hazardous waste disposal is carried out by private-sector companies. Therefore it is essential that the Government sets the correct framework, and that an examination is carried out as to whether the framework is satisfactory and whether it achieves the needs of the Government.     

规划师的城市美学—读《城市美学》有感

美学,是20世纪下半叶在中国思想学术界引起广泛关注的一门"高深"学问.经过一代宗师朱光潜、宗白华、蒋孔阳等人的努力探索,基本确定了美学研究者需要具备的一些基本素质,如理论的思维、艺术的眼光、广博的知识、丰富的阅历、敏锐的观察,等等.正因为美学界的前辈学者已经取得了卓越的成就,后来学人要突进美学领域并取得成绩就相当不容易了.又因为这是一门有用而有趣的学科,自然吸引了勇于探索、精于思考、乐于求索的学者的不断努力,正所谓"好之者不如乐之者".当然,"唐诗过后是宋词",在前辈学者的成就之外,后来学人就需要另僻蹊径,或使用新的研究方法或开拓新的研究领地以取得新的成果.马武定先生的<城市美学>[1]就是美学领域里的这样一个新成果.     

城市规划师的经营视角

城市规划与城市经营在研究对象、目标取向方面相近,在操作层面上相互呼应,认为规划是经营的起点与主要依据,经营是规划的重要实现形式与途径。作为对建设资源的一种基础性配置手段,城市规划在当前经济转轨的宏观背景下,应重新进行经济学定位,城市经营思想的出现为规划者提供了一个很好的切入点。同时,我们也应利用城市规划的整合能力克服目前经营行为中的狭隘利益观,充分强调城市经营效益的整体性。     

美国规划师的角色与社会职责

在我国城市规划由传统的物质空间规划向多元公共政策转变的趋势下,规划业界及学界均需对规划师的角色与社会职责进行再认知,以适应新时期的需要。研究在对美国现行城市规划过程进行简要梳理和分析的基础上,针对美国规划师在规划愿景构建、规划前期支撑研究、规划编制、规划实施及规划评估等规划环节中的职责、角色及其所具备的核心技能进行了详细论述,并总结了自第二次世界大战后美国规划师的角色与社会职责的演变,据此对我国规划师的角色和社会职责的转变提出建议,希望能够对我国规划师角色的重新定位起到启示作用。     

规划师角色与地位的嬗变

随着新的《城乡规划法》的颁布实施,以及我国城乡二元结构管理模式的逐渐破除,在城乡统筹的大背景下,广大规划师角色和地位发生了根本性的变化,这种嬗变对规划师产生了深刻的影响。通过对规划师角色和地位发生嬗变的论述,呼吁规划师坚守职业道德,用自己的专业知识服务于人民,为建设社会主义和谐社会贡献力量。     

规划师的社会角色与新型规划伦理

从目前城市发展建设中的种种误区入手展开讨论,探讨了在实践过程中规划师角色的偏离以及导致这种偏离的原因,并提出了新的时代背景下新型规划伦理的基本框架.     

An Expert System for Regulatory Review of Hazardous Waste Surface Impoundment Dikes

The design and implementation of a microcomputer-based expert system (ES) to assist the regulatory review of hazardous waste surface impoundment dikes is discussed. DIKE(2.0) employs a "goal-dominated" ES shell architecture linked with a battery of external diagnostic algorithm programs to overcome many of the difficulties inherent to regulatory review and microcomputer applications. The system assists reviewers in interpreting the required design information, applies relatively sophisticated engineering analyses to seek possible design flaws, and assists in the interpretation of all automated computations. Because the application to hazardous waste surface impoundment dikes is rather specialized, this paper focuses on elements of the ES implementation of general applicability to other problems of automated environmental review.     

危险废物固化体存储设施的抗震性能分析

危险废物由于自身的危害性,对存储设施有着严苛的要求.为了研究危险废物固化体存储设施的抗震性能,本文利用ABAQUS软件建立危险废物固化体存储设施有限元模型,并分析其在地震作用下的结构强度.模型分为单管模型和整体模型,单管模型由单个存储管和多个危险废物固化体组成,整体模型由48根存储管、支撑架、立柱和脚柱组成.对于单管模...     

当代中国城市文化迷失与规划师角色再塑

我国正处于不同程度城市文化迷失的状况,存在现代与传统的迷失、精英与大众的迷失、物质与精神的迷失及短期与长期方面的文化迷失.城市文化迷失会对城市规划师的价值取向、思考模式,规划决策和实施判断等方面产生负面影响.因此,城市规划师应努力从城市空间构建者向城市文化营造者,以及从城市文化影响者向影响城市文化者两方面进行角色转变.与此同时,城市文化发展也应从多元文化熏陶和明确文化界定来正面影响城市规划师的文化素质与价值取向.     

“行政三分制”与规划师角色转化

“行政三分制”的政府管理体制将使规划师分化成分别从属于决策局、执行局、监督局的决策规划师、执行规划师、社区规划师。规划师需要注意个人法理观念的培养,把握职业道德和价值取向,不断更新和完善知识结构,完成角色转化。     

Social Ecology and Citizen Boards: A Problem for Planners

This article explores the relation between types of activities in thirty-seven mental health planning citizen boards and the social ecological dimensions of the areas of Massachusetts the boards serve. The four types of activities by citizen boards were service creation and improvement, local autonomy, outside resource mobilization, and coordination. It was found that boards that pursued activities primarily of a service creation and improvement type tended to serve catchment areas very high in social disorganization. Boards that pursued local autonomy activities tended to serve areas high in socioeconomic status and low in blue-collar occupations. Boards pursuing outside resource mobilization activities tended to serve areas low in ruralism. Boards pursuing coordination activities tended to serve areas low in socioeconomic status and high in both blue-collar occupations and social disorganization. Understanding these relationships should help planners work with citizen boards by making the differences in their behavior more comprehensible.     

危险废物处置场的废水处理工程设计

从废水来源、水质和水量分析及构筑物单体设计等方面，介绍了某危险废物处置场的废水处理工程设计。该工程采用了物化＋生化＋深度处理的组合工艺，具有占地面积小、投资省、运行成本低等优点，出水水质可满足《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质标准》（GB／T18920-2002）的要求。     

Green Building Assessment Systems: A Framework and Comparison for Planners

Problem: Building assessment systems allow planners to examine whether buildings and developments meet sustainability goals, but no framework exists to help planners choose among them.

Purpose: This study develops a framework for planners to use in considering which building assessment system would be most appropriate for their purposes and analyzes nine such systems.

Methods: I conducted a content analysis of the system documentation for nine building assessment systems used in the United States and interviewed administrators of the systems.

Results and conclusions: Although many building assessment systems appear at first to be quite similar, they have substantial differences, and could produce significantly different results when used to implement green building programs. Among the important differences are the scales at which they consider various issues, whether or not they emphasize communication, and how they prioritize and weight concerns. I also found that most national building assessment systems lack a mechanism for adapting them to local concerns and conditions.

Takeaway for practice: While building assessment systems offer new tools to help communities meet sustainability goals, planners should consider the details of each system carefully before deciding on which to use in their communities. It would be very desirable for building assessment systems to become adaptable, so they will be more locally relevant and appropriate.

Research support: None.     

一种新型钢卷送进装置

介绍了一种新型钢卷送进装置,应用于螺旋焊管机组的开卷机部分。该装置可以将35t及以上钢卷送进,使钢卷能精准进入开卷设备的生产线上。其特点是通过送进小车自身的转动和升降装置的巧妙配合将钢卷平稳精确地送入开卷机中。本装置具有结构简单、钢卷表面避免划痕、容易实现自动化等优点。