Mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of in situ ternary composites based on poly(ether imide), silicone rubber and liquid crystalline polymer

A compatibilization method for improving the mechanical and thermal properties of thermoplastic/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) blends has been tested in blends of poly(ether imide), PEI, with a thermotropic copolyester (Vectra B-950). It is based on the addition of a third component, a functionalized elastomer (hydroxy terminated silicone rubber), to the blend that interacts with the matrix polymer and the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, facilitates the structural development of the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCP) phase by acting as a compatibilizer at the interface. The main properties of blends required are flexibility of material in presence of compatibilizer. The viscosity of the compatibilized in situ composite was increased by the silicone rubber owing to the strong interaction. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of PEI/TLCP blend becomes lowered when the content of silicone rubber is increased. Morphological observation showed that the addition of compatibilizer significantly reduced the size of the dispersed LCP phase and improved their dispersion within the matrix. Measurement of the tensile properties shows increased strength as well as enhanced modulus and elongation when PEI/TLCP blend is properly compatibilized. This is attributed to fine fibril generation induced by the addition of compatibilizer.     

Structure and mechanical properties of the extruded blends of a liquid crystalline polymer with polypropylene

Blends of a thermoplastic, isotatic polypropylene (PP) and a liquid-crystalline polymer (LCP) based on a copolyester of hydroxynapthoic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid, were extruded. The LCP exhibited a higher viscosity than that of the PP under the extrusion conditions. Calorimetric, microscopic, static and dynamic mechanical tests were performed on these blends. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms indicated that the crystallization temperature of PP increases slightly with increasing LCP content. Scanning electron microscopy examinations revealed that the LCP phase was elongated into microfibrils in the blends investigated. However, some undeformed spherical droplets were dispersed in the PP matrix in addition to microfibrils for the blends containing high LCP concentrations. Static tensile tests showed that the addition of LCP to PP results in an increase of the modulus of elasticity but a decrease in tensile strength. The storage modulus of the extruded blends was found to increase with the addition of LCP.     

Microstructural,thermal and rheological correlations to mechanical response of polyamide-6(glass filled)/polyetherimide blend: effect of ethylene-octene copolymer on toughening of blend

Melt mixed glass-filled polyamide 6(PA6)/polyetherimide (PEI) blends were prepared in a co-rotating twin screw extruder over the entire composition range of 0–100 wt% of polyamide 6. These blends were characterized by structural, rheological, mechanical and thermal properties. Crystallization behavior and phase morphology of the blends were also investigated. The blend with the composition PA6/PEI 75/25 showed overall improved mechanical properties along with low resultant viscosity which can be processed on standard equipment. Shear viscosity along with shear stress of the blends were analyzed using shear rheometer which concluded that the blends can be processed on standard equipment due to resultant low viscosity. Scanning electron microscope micrographs revealed that the morphology of the blends showed a two phase structure in which the minor phase was dispersed as domains in the continuous phase. Polyolefin elastomer (POE) as impact modifier was added to the above composition in the range of 0–15 phr to study its effect. The thermal characteristics of PA6, PEI, and PA6/PEI blends with and without POE were investigated using DSC and TGA which revealed that the melting temperature and crystallization temperature of the blend remained unchanged while XRD results showed percent crystallinity was increased slightly. Furthermore, it can be said that the blend with composition PA6/PEI 75/25 with 10 phr impact modifier loading was suitable for high end applications because it combines the high mechanical properties of glass-filled PA6 with inherent flame-retardant property of PEI while POE overcomes the physical weakness of moisture absorption.     

聚醚酰亚胺和热致性液晶高分子原位复合材料的研究进展

综述了近年来聚醚酰亚胺和热致性液晶高分子共混形成原位复合材料的研究进展。液晶高分子在共混物中既起到增强剂的作用。又起到加工助剂的作用。应用Taylor理论可描述液晶分散相在基质高分子中的成纤过程。讨论了各自聚合物以及共混物的流体动力学行为和聚合物间的相容性、混合程序、混合物组成等因素对原位复合材料的形态和力学性能的影响。     

尼龙6/聚苯乙烯共混物融合缝的形态及其对力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、力学性能测定,研究了尼龙6／聚苯乙烯(PA-6／PS)共混体系融合缝的形态及力学性能．鲒果表明,分散相和连续相的粘度比对融合缝的形态有重要影响．当η分散相／η连续相＞1时,融合缝处分散相的形态不同于本体．融合缝处分散相沿融合缝取向;当η分散相／η连续相＜1时．融合缝处分散相的形态与本体形态相似．均以球形粒子分散于基体中。融合缝的存在使共混体系的力学性能有较大下降,主要由融合缝处分散相形态所致。     

热致液晶共聚酯/PA6/RSMA原位复合材料1.RSMA对热致液晶共聚酯/PA6共混体系的增容作用

选用Vectra A950热致液晶共聚酯（LCP）,制备热致液晶共聚酯（LCP）／聚酰胺6（PA6）／苯乙烯－马来酸酐无规共聚物（RSMA）三元共混物,采用注射成型的方法实现原位复合,测定复合材料的熔体流变性能,FTIR光谱,动态力学性质和共混物形态结构,研究了RSMA对聚酰胺6／热致液晶共聚酯共混体系的增容作用,结果表明,RSMA的加入提高了LCP／PA6共混体的熔体粘度：RSMA与LCP和PA6发生酯化,酰胺化反应,改善了LCP与PA6之间的相容性,使两者的玻璃化温度相互靠近,了LCP在PA6基体中的分散,增强了两者之间的界面粘接。     

熔体的粘性和弹性对LDPE／PS共混物形态的影响

研究了粘性和弹性对低密度聚乙烯／聚苯乙烯共混物形态的影响。结果表明，不相容聚合物在均匀剪切流动中的分散程度以及分散相的形状与组分的粘度比、相对弹性和体积分数有关。当分散相的粘性和弹性较基相大得多时，随分散相的体积分数增加，球状的液滴形成葡萄串状。若两组分的粘性和弹性相当，在适中的混合比下，分散相产生高度变形。不管组分的粘反比和弹性比大小，若分散相的体积分数非常低，共混物的主要形态皆为分散相的球状液滴分散在基体中。     

PP/LCP composites: effects of shear flow,extensional flow and nanofillers

PP/LCP composites moulded under shear flow and extensional flows were prepared in this work. It was observed that the predominating shear flow during injection moulding was unable to induce in-situ reinforcements in the Rodrun LC5000/PP blend. With the introduction of an additional drawing process, fibrous LCP was developed. The fibrillation of the LCP phase was found to increase with the draw speed and the formation of LCP fibrils was manifested as higher strength and stiffness. However, due to the poor adhesion between the pre-generated LCP fibrils and PP matrix, the strength of the extensional PP/LCP composites was lower than that of direct injection moulded LCP/PP blend. In another approach, silica fillers were introduced to the LCP/PP blend and the LCP fibrillation was found to improve. The nanosilica was believed to behave as a viscosity thickening agent and was able to promote the LCP droplet-fibril transition effectively. The nanofiller/LCP/thermoplastic system possessed dual reinforcements which imparted good properties to the composite.     

Effect of crosslinking on morphology and phase inversion of EPDM/PP blends

This study investigates the effect of cross-linking on morphology and phase inversion of EPDM/PP blends. Several EPDM/PP blends without and with cross-linking agent were prepared in a Haake batch mixer under constant conditions. The morphology was studied by electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM), and cross-linking was followed by EPDM gel content and swelling. The results showed that the position of the phase inversion region is essentially governed by composition, being independent of the viscosity ratio of the EPDM/PP blend. The TPVs’ morphology of the EPDM/PP blend, with 70 and 50 wt% of PP, consists of EPDM cross-linked particles dispersed in the PP matrix. For EPDM-rich composition (30 wt% of PP), the TPVs’ morphology appears to be co-continuous. Even though dynamic vulcanisation of the rubber phase always improves the dispersion of the EPDM phase, complete phase inversion (from fully dispersed PP in the EPDM matrix to EPDM fully dispersed in the PP matrix) was achieved only with low viscosity EPDM.     

连续炭纤维增强杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮共混树脂基复合材料力学性能

为了研究树脂共混改性对连续炭纤维增强高性能热塑性树脂基复合材料性能及破坏模式的影响,以二氮杂萘联苯结构聚醚砜酮(PPESK)及其共混树脂为基体,T700 炭纤维为增强纤维,通过溶液预浸,热压成型工艺制备单向复合材料。通过对共混树脂溶液黏度测试,复合材料样条三点弯曲、层间剪切和孔隙率试验,并借助SEM断面形貌分析,研究了聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)和聚醚砜(PES)的加入对PPESK复合材料力学性能以及受力破坏模式的影响。结果表明,PEI或PES的加入使复合材料的力学性能提高,孔隙率降低,复合材料受力破坏模式由脱粘破坏向树脂基体内部破坏转变。      

软质聚氨酯泡沫的冲击力学性能EI

采用岛津试验机与改进的分离式霍普金森压杆(SHPB)试验装置,得到了两种分别用作汽车坐垫和靠垫材料的软质聚氨酯泡沫在不同应变率下的应力应变曲线。实验结果表明,材料强度对密度和应变率敏感。动态条件下,泡沫密实后,横向惯性效应导致泡沫被拉坏。而准静态变形达到80%时,卸载后变形仍能回复。评价两种泡沫的吸能特性时,发现两种密度的海绵动态吸能性能比静态时要差。最后对坐垫泡沫的厚度进行了优化设计。     

Effect of SiC coated MWCNTs on the thermal and mechanical properties of PEI/LCP blend

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified by polycarbosilane derived β-SiC particle to improve its dispersion in the polymer matrix. Formation of β-SiC particle onto MWCNTs was conformed by XRD study. Polyetherimide (PEI)/liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) blends with unmodified and modified MWCNTs were prepared by melt blending and the dispersion of the nanofillers in the polymer blend was studied by high resolution transmission electron microscopy, which showed improved dispersion of modified MWCNTs compared to pure MWCNTs. Viscosity of ternary blend with modified MWCNTs was found to be lower than the ternary blend with pure MWCNTs. Incorporation of modified MWCNTs improved the fibrillation of LCP in ternary blend as compared to pure MWCNTs. Thermal analysis revealed the higher thermal stability of the modified MWCNTs added nanocomposites compared to unmodified MWCNTs. Mechanical properties of nanocomposites with SiC coated MWCNTs were found to be higher than that of pure MWCNTs added nanocomposites.     

PVDF、LCP及其共混物的流变行为

研究了ＰＶＤＦ、ＬＣＰ的表观粘度随温度,剪切速率的变化规律,并对液晶含量对共混物熔体度的影响进行了讨论。     

Blending of modified polyphenylene ether with a liquid crystalline copolyester

Blending of poly (2,6-dimethylphenylene ether) (PPE), polystyrene (PS) and a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) was performed using a continuous co-rotating twin-screw extruder. The influence of LCP content on the blending process was studied by changing the barrel heater temperature and the screw speed. The torque of the screw shafts generated during the blending process was influenced by LCP content; its influence was not simple. The generated torque was found to depend not only on the melt viscosity of LCP but also on its distortion temperature. Further, the effects of matrix viscosity on the morphology and mechanical properties of the PPE/PS/LCP blends were studied. Well-developed fine LCP fibrils were formed during the melt-drawing process when the matrix viscosity was high. The formation of well-developed fine fibrils was found to improve the mechanical properties of the PPE/PS/LCP blend. Two mechanisms are proposed for the formation of well-developed fine LCP fibrils.     

Morphological, rheological and mechanical characterization of polypropylene nanocomposite blends

In the present work, the effectiveness of styrene/ethylene-butylene/styrene rubbers grafted with maleic anhydride (MA) and a metallocene polyethylene (mPE) as toughening materials in binary and ternary blends with polypropylene and its nanocomposite as continuous phases was evaluated in terms of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), oscillatory shear flow and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). The flexural modulus and heat distortion temperature values were determined as well. A metallocene polyethylene and a polyamide-6 were used as dispersed phases in these binary and ternary blends produced via melt blending in a corotating twin-screw extruder. Results showed that the compatibilized blends prepared without clay are tougher than those prepared with the nanocomposite of PP as the matrix phase and no significant changes in shear viscosity, melt elasticity, flexural or storage moduli and heat distortion temperature values were observed between them. However, the binary blend with a nanocomposite of PP as matrix and metallocene polyethylene phase exhibited better toughness, lower shear viscosity, flexural modulus, and heat distortion temperature values than that prepared with polyamide-6 as dispersed phase. These results are related to the degree of clay dispersion in the PP and to the type of morphology developed in the different blends.     

LCP微球对LCP/尼龙6共混体系力学性能的影响

制备了分散相呈球状微粒形貌的液晶聚合物/尼龙6 (LCP/PA6)共混体系,选用离聚物磺化聚苯乙烯锌盐(Zn-SPS)和反应性嵌段共聚物苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)作为体系的增容剂,探讨了在相间相互作用得以改善时,利用LCP微球改善 LCP/尼龙6 共混体系韧性的可能性。试样受拉后的形貌观察表明,在增容体系中,LCP微球很好地镶嵌在尼龙6基体中,粒子脱落的空洞发生了较大的形变。力学性能测试结果表明,LCP的加入使材料的拉伸强度低于纯尼龙6,加入增容剂后共混材料拉伸强度有所提高,其中LCP/PA6 (质量比10/90)共混体系增容后的拉伸强度与纯尼龙6 相当。所研究的增容体系的拉伸断裂吸收能均比未增容体系有所增加。其中,当 LCP的质量分数为4%时,Zn-SPS增容体系的拉伸断裂吸收能比未增容体系和纯尼龙6分别增加了12%和62%;当LCP的质量分数为10 %时,SMA增容体系的拉伸断裂吸收能比未增容体系和纯尼龙6分别增加了46%和55%。表明在适当条件下,利用LCP微球可以在保持共混体系的拉伸强度的同时提高材料的韧性。     

振动共混对聚丙烯/聚碳酸酯流变性能的影响

在传统转矩流变仪上叠加机械振动制成了振动共混流变仪。实验证明，振动共混降低了70／30聚碳酸酯／聚丙烯共混物的粘度和储存模量，随着制备时的振动振幅和频率的提高，这种效果更加突出。但过大振幅振动中，低剪切与高剪切间的频繁更换，特别是明显的低剪切下相翻转转慢，导致形成了部分不稳定“双连续”相态，这时共混物粘度和模量反而比小振幅振动下制备的共混物的高。一个描述该体系表面张力／液滴半径之比与剪切速率关系的经验表达式较好地分析了流变参数与微观相形态之间的关系，说明了振动促使分散相粒子的破碎和两相的分散，确实影响共混物的相形态。振动共混对聚丙烯／聚碳酸酯流变性能的影响上海交通大学化学化工学院高分子材料研究所，上海　200240振动共混　聚丙烯　聚碳酸酯　流变性能　影响　转矩共混流变仪　相形态在传统转矩流变仪上叠加机械振动制成了振动共混流变仪。实验证明，振动共混降低了70／30聚碳酸酯／聚丙烯共混物的粘度和储存模量，随着制备时的振动振幅和频率的提高，这种效果更加突出。但过大振幅振动中，低剪切与高剪切间的频繁更换，特别是明显的低剪切下相翻转转慢，导致形成了部分不稳定“双连续”相态，这时共混物粘度和模量反而比小振幅振动下制备的共混物的高。一个描述该体系表面张力／液滴半径之比与剪切速率关系的经验表达式较好地分析了流变参数与微观相形态之间的关系，说明了振动促使分散相粒子的破碎和两相的分散，确实影响共混物的相形态。     

Morphological control of LCP/PET blends using a melt mixer equipped with a milling part

The morphology of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends using a melt mixer equipped with a gap-adjustable milling part was investigated. From the scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation, the isotropic structure in which spherical LCP domains were dispersed homogeneously in a PET matrix was attained in this study, if the LCP component was 50% or below. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) pattern of the LCP/PET=50/50 blend extrudate suggested that the LCP phase had an unoriented structure, showing a single reflection of 0.45 nm. In the case of the LCP/PET=50/50 blend extrudate, the difference between the linear expansion coefficient (α) parallel to the machine direction, α (MD), and that perpendicular to the MD, α (TD), was estimated to be very small; the α (TD)/α (MD) ratio was 1.153. These results are in agreement with the results of the WAXD profile, and clearly suggest that the anisotropy in the α of the blend extrudate is significantly reduced by the use of a melt mixer equipped with a milling part.     

Synthesis and characterization of bismaleimide–polyetherimide–titania hybrid

Ternary hybrids of bismaleimide–polyetherimide–titania were synthesized by sol–gel reaction and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Moreover, their mechanical properties were also measured.The results indicated that titania could be introduced into the blends of bismaleimide–polyetherimide(BMI/PEI) by sol–gel reaction. Although, the titania content in BMI-rich phase was higher than that in PEI-rich phase, the titania particles dispersed in the hybrids were almost uniform. The introduction of titania actually changed the ultimate phase structure of the PEI modified BMI system because of the chelate complex formation between o,o′-diallyl bisphenol A and dibutoxy bis(acetylacetonato) titanium (IV), which was proved by their ultraviolet spectra. If the content of titania was increased under a specific PEI content, the morphology of the bismaleimide–polyetherimide–titania hybrids remained unaffected apparently, while its mechanical properties were obviously improved.     

天然橡胶-氢化丁腈橡胶的共硫化及性能研究

天然橡胶(NR)和氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)因不饱和度和极性的差异,存在硫化速度不匹配、填料分散等问题,难以实现两胶的并用。本文通过先制备不同硫黄/促进剂比例的NR和HNBR母炼胶,再将母炼胶并用制备NR/HNBR复合材料,解决了NR和HNBR共硫化的问题。研究了NR/HNBR的相态结构和填料在NR和HNBR两相的分散状态,结合相态结构和填料分散分析了NR/HNBR并用比对复合材料硫化特性、动静态力学性能、耐磨性和压缩温升的影响。结果表明:并用HNBR的复合材料混炼胶的门尼黏度增大,焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短;随着HNBR含量增加,HNBR相的尺寸增大,硫化胶的硬度及100%和300%定伸应力增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率和拉断永久变形减小,耐磨性和抗湿滑性提高,压缩疲劳温升增大。