基于形状先验点阵结构CT图像边缘提取方法

采用增材制造的复杂点阵结构已经得到了广泛的应用,CT检测技术与其他无损检测技术相比,其优势在于能给出与复杂点阵结构的几何结构、组分及密度特性相对应的CT图像。为了准确提取CT图像中点阵结构连杆几何形态特征,提出了一种基于形状先验的CT图像边缘提取方法,利用数学矩的概念将点阵结构感兴趣区等效为具有相同标准二阶中心矩的椭圆,获取点阵结构CT图像感兴趣区边缘各像素点到图像中心的有效数据信息,然后以形状先验信息为检核条件,实现点阵结构CT图像边缘提取。该方法可以不受点阵结构表面不线性、不规则的影响和点阵结构复杂造成的CT图像质量差的影响,准确提取感兴趣区内的CT几何特征,所用参数都是利用数学矩解算,可实现高精度的尺寸测量,并且可实现自动测量。     

基于迭代距离分类与轨迹关联检测空间弱小目标

为了实现高效自动目标检测,提出了一种可用于低信噪比条件下的空间可见光弱小目标检测算法。首先,建立空间光学图像模型,利用恒虚警率(CFAR)方法确定分割系数对单帧图像背景进行分割;然后,基于恒星结构稳定特性构建距离特征空间,并针对特征空间构造分类准则函数,使用迭代最优化分类方法提取出候选目标点;最后,依据目标运动轨迹的连续性建立空间目标轨迹关联、合并以及虚假目标轨迹删除规则,进行轨迹处理,实现空间可见光弱小目标的检测。文中还提出了单帧检测率、虚警率与序列检测率、虚警率相结合的评价方法。实验结果表明:在低信噪比条件下(SNR≤3),得到的序列检测率达到96.02%以上,序列虚警率达到4.4%以下。该方法在低信噪比条件下显著提高了目标检测率,并有效抑制了虚警。     

基于格式塔理论多体位协同的肺结节检测算法

针对计算机在CT序列图像辅助检测肺结节方面漏检率和假阳率高的问题,提出基于格式塔理论多体位协同的肺结节检测算法。该算法模拟人眼认识事物过程,对轴位图像序列依次建立各向同性的矢状位和冠状位图像序列,再逐个对三体位进行平均密度投影(AIP)融入局部三维信息,最后利用肺结节特征对AIP图像进行检测,标记出肺结节区域。为检验算法有效性,以2名专业医师采用独立盲法标记的372个肺结节(直径2~5 mm)为检测参考依据。该算法检测检出率达到98%,假阳率为2%。依据参考,其中有2个疑似区域出现误检和漏检,后经医师复查确定算法检测结果正确。所以本算法可辅助医师对肺结节进行检测,并且低漏检率和假阳率。而对于灰度较弱且体较小的肺结节仍存在漏检的风险,需要后续进一步研究。     

在线检测系统中的图像快速拼接技术

针对汽车车架纵梁在线检测系统中序列图像的自动拼接问题,提出了一种稳健、快速、精确的自动拼接算法.利用基于特征的算法提取特征区域,并在待匹配模板中确定候选模块,考察序列图像间的运动特点,将搜索限制在一个小范围内,利用基于像素的方法在此范围内确定候选模块中的真实匹配块.此方法在满足图像拼接精度的前提下,大幅度提高了拼接速度.     

基于Co-60放射源的锥束CT成像系统的研究

图像引导系统由于能帮助对肿瘤靶区进行精确定位,在直线加速器放疗设备上得到了成功应用.考虑到γ射线立体定向放疗设备的机械结构的特殊性,本文拟开发基于Co-60的图像引导装置.为此本文设计并安装了以Co-60为放射源的锥束CT成像系统.在该系统上成功地实现了多种轨迹(包括圆、螺旋、马鞍、圆线等)锥束CT扫描.采用一般轨迹下的基于弦线段和感兴趣区的BPF重建算法和圆轨迹下的FDK算法进行了图像重建.本文分别用头部和胸部体模研究了该系统的成像质量,最后采用Min/Max曲率流方法对重建后图像进行了去噪处理.结果表明采用该系统可以清晰地确定被扫描物体轮廓和骨性边界,为实现γ射线立体定向放疗设备在影像引导下进行病人自动摆位打下了基础.     

基于序列图像提取稳定特征点的虹膜识别算法

为了尽可能降低不稳定特征点对识别率的影响,研究提出了基于序列图像提取稳定特征点的虹膜识别算法.该算法首先用二维Gabor滤波器对序列虹膜图像提取特征编码,然后对该序列特征编码求交集以提取稳定特征点,并利用这些稳定特征点建立虹膜的特征模板库,最后通过计算相似度,获得识别结果.在实验室采集的序列虹膜图库上,当等错率为0.3017%,分类阈值为0.6402时,正确识别率可以达到99.73%.实验证明该算法是有效、可行的,并更好地提高了虹膜的分类精度和改善了虹膜的识别性能.     

应用目标的动静态特征进行目标捕获方法

介绍一种基于视频图像的实时目标自动捕获方法.文中分析了视频图像序列中运动目标的特性,从这些特性中提取几个重要特征,通过这几个重要特征来实现对运动目标的自动识别.文中详细分析了系统原理,给出了具体实现方法及结论.     

肺结节自动检测算法研究

本文研究一种用于自动检测CT图像中肺结节的计算机辅助检测(CAD)算法.该算法首先从CT图像中分割出肺部区域,然后利用基于图像灰度分布的阈值方法提取出包含肺结节和血管的感兴趣区域(ROIs).在研究区分肺结节和血管的特征之后,利用基于规则的判别方法将感兴趣区域进行分类并提取出肺结节.运用本算法对232幅CT序列图像进行实验,实验结果表明运用该算法具有高达85%的检出率.     

基于图像特征统计分析的PCB焊点检测方法

提出了一种基于图像特征统计分析的炉后焊点检测方法,以提高在线自动光学检测系统的检测性能和可操作性.提出双阈值的AdaBoost算法用于设计分类器,在训练的同时进行最优特征选择和分类器的增强,实现了焊点图像特征的自动提取和检测参数的自动设定.采用分类和回归树方法将焊点缺陷决策方法优化为一棵二叉决策树,提高了检测速度.实验结果表明,该方法训练速度较快,可以满足实际生产需要.与目前已经实用化的图像对比算法和图像分析算法相比,在保持现有检测速度基本不变的情况下,该方法的检测精度更高.     

基于信息熵和组合纹理特征的熟料状态检测

基于信息熵和组合纹理特征提出了回转窑熟料烧结状态检测方法.利用信息熵对窑头图像序列进行分析以消除粉尘干扰导致的坏帧;对提取出的熟料感兴趣区计算了隶属于纹理统计学方法的灰度直方图法、灰度共生矩阵、灰度游程矩阵、灰度梯度法共32个统计学纹理描述子,结合MI互信息参数确定了10个区分度高的纹理特征待选集;基于K-NN分类器实现了过烧、稍过烧、正烧、稍欠烧和欠烧5种不同烧结状态的熟料检测.实验结果表明该方法仅用灰度共生矩阵的SA和灰度游程矩阵的Vert_LRE这2个纹理参数熟料状态动态识别率达到86.5％,对实现回转窑熟料烧结状态检测具有较好的实用价值.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.