矿化度对微波含水率传感器测量精度影响的研究

原油含水率是石油生产中的重要数据,是计量油井产量,评价油藏的开采价值、采出程度及制定开采方案的重要指标。相移法微波含水率检测传感器利用不同的原油和水介电常数来检测含水率。而矿化度对相移法微波含水率检测传感器的精度有直接的影响。针对硫酸锶、碳酸钙、硫酸钡三种矿化度组分,采用单因素试验方法,研究不同矿化度对相移法微波含水率检测传感器测量精度的影响。运用MATLAB分析数据,拟合出相应变化曲线方程,得出矿化度对原油含水率检测精度影响的规律,并对检测结果加以修正,提高了相移法微波含水率检测传感器测量精度。试验结果表明,相移法微波含水率检测传感器测量精度提高至3%,为提高运用微波相移法测量原油含水率精度提供了试验与理论依据。     

温度对相位法微波含水率传感器检测精度的影响研究

目前,国内大多数油田已经进入贫油高水阶段,油井采出液中原油水含量日趋增加。以往应用的电容式含水率检测传感器在工作稳定性和精度方面,已无法满足高含水原油的检测需要。采用相位法微波含水率检测传感器检测高含水原油含水率,具有分辨率更高、测量更精确的优点。针对相位法高含水原油含水率微波检测传感器,利用微波传感器的相位作用特性进行试验,研究了温度对相位法微波传感器检测精度的影响。通过对试验结果的处理,拟合出对应变化曲线方程,获得原油含水率与温度的变化规律。利用试验所得规律,可将相位法微波含水率传感器检测精度提高至3%,为提高原油含水率检测精度的研究提供了必要的校正参数和理论依据。     

在1899.703nm波长下木材含水率光谱检测方法研究

为实现木材含水率实时、快速、连续测量,研究了基于近红外光谱技术实时测量木材含水率.实验中采用中心波长位于1899.703 nm的工业蝶形封装的分布式反馈激光器(DFL)作为光源,选择以杨木含水率作为被测参数,搭建了近红外水分检测仪的软硬件系统.因为木材是强散射介质,因此,采用修正后的朗伯-比尔定律.对杨木含水率进行实验测量并数据拟合,木材含水率真值与激光测量木材含水率输出功率值在一定范围内可以拟合为线性关系,相关系数在0.90以上,木材含水率测量值与真值变化趋势一致,二者绝对误差小于0.15％.实验结果表明:利用近红外技术可实现木材含水率检测.     

基于电导法的原油含水率测量改进方法

基于电导法开展原油含水率测量具有硬件结构简单,系统稳定可靠及测量准确等特点。根据Maxwell模型原理,电导法测量原油含水率需要获知纯水相电导率。然而,开展井下实时含水率测量时,纯水相电导率无法直接测得,直接使用预设的纯水相电导率无法真实得出井下原油的实时含水率。鉴于此,本文根据原油的馏分性质,通过测量不同温度下两组油水,混合相的电导率值并进一步推导得出原油含水率表达式,规避纯水相电导率测试问题及预设纯水相电导率不精确问题,实现对现有原油含水率测量方法的改进。基于ARM Cortex M4处理器及多种传感器测量技术开展了实验研究.实验结果表明,当测量含水率大于90％的油水两相流时,误差可在２％以内。当测量纯水相矿化度在7g/L以内的油水两相流时,含水率误差基本不受矿化度影响。实验结果验证了优化方法理论的有效性,具有实际应用的可行性。     

微波法监测原油含水率影响因素分析与策略

微波法利用微波在原油中传播,遇到不同含水率的原油时信号的衰减和相位移存在差异的原理进行实时含水率监测。当一定幅度和频率的微波信号通过原油后,监测信号的衰减量和相位变化量,可以实现原油含水率测量。但该法的测量效果极易受实际开采环境中多方面因素的影响,从而严重影响含水率监测结果的准确性和可靠性。结合微波法含水率监测仪的研制机理和现场的实际应用情况,从监测原理、含水率监测仪器、油井井况等方面分析影响微波法监测原油含水率的主要因素,并提出相应的解决措施,进而提高并保障微波法监测原油含水率的可靠性和准确性。     

基于微波透射法测量织物含水率

织物的含水率是染整生产过程中的重要指标;应用微波技术检测织物的含水率,能在线实时准确测量,且可靠性好,抗干扰能力强,不易受到织物的颜色、结构等影响,并可检测织物内部的含水率,结果更具代表性;为了快速、准确地检测织物中的水分含量,基于微波透射法,设计了一套织物含水率在线检测系统,实现了对织物含水率在线无损检测;重点讨论微波测湿原理及方法,采用最小二乘法拟合直线,获得织物湿度与衰减量之间相互关系的标定曲线;实验结果表明;设计的装置可对含水率为30%～70%的织物进行有效的测量;测量精度高于士1%.     

原油含水率测量仪的研究

研究电容测量原油含水率的原理,采用开关电容等变换电路,完成电容到频率的转换,经ＭＣＳ—５１单片机系统处理,在线测量０％～３１％和 ６０％～１００％原油含水率时的精度达到０．５％,含水率在３０％～６０％时的精度达到１％．本文介绍开关电容等变换电路的原理及特点,给出仪器的含水率测量实验结果．     

微波透射法测量含水率的研究

基于微波透射法,设计了一套液液两相流(其中一相为水)的中高含水率测量系统,该系统与现有方法不同之处在于系统中设计的传感器减小了干扰效应,适于测量中高含水率液液两相流.根据测量介质合理选择测量频率,对实验数据曲线拟合,获得测量经验公式.实验结果表明:设计的装置可对含水率为30%～75%的液液两相流进行有效测量;采用测量经验公式,其测量精度高于5%.     

基于LabVIEW的织物含水率在线检测系统研究

织物的水分含量直接影响生产效率和生产成本,因此,对它的准确测量具有重要意义.根据含水织物对微波的吸收效应,针对企业对纺织材料含水率检测和控制的需要,利用微波技术检测物体中的含水率,设计了微波测湿的实验方案.对传感器设计等关键性问题进行了分析、研究和实验,并将实验所得的数据通过数据采集卡传输到计算机中,使用虚拟语言LabVIEW对数据进行采集和处理,显示出织物的含水率.经实验验证,该在线检测方法是可行的.     

双组份矿化度对高含水原油含水率检测影响的试验研究

针对高含水原油中大量存在的无机化合物(CaCl_2,MgCl2)进行研究,得出了不同比例和浓度的双组份矿化度(CaCl_2,MgCl2)对微波法含水率传感器检测高含水原油含水率的影响规律。利用支持向量机(SVM)对微波法含水率传感器的检测结果进行了误差校正,误差由校正前的±15. 2%减小到了±3. 47%,有效地减小了双组份矿化度对微波法含水率传感器检测精度的影响,同时为校正多组份矿化度造成的高含水原油含水率检测误差提供了方法参考和理论依据。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。