色媒体改性棉织物活性无盐轧蒸染色

棉织物活性染料轧染汽蒸两相法染色工艺中,无机盐浓度高,染料利用率低,故对棉织物改性后再进行活性染料无盐轧染汽蒸染色;试验分析棉织物改性后对染料亲和力和染料在固色液中解吸程度的影响,以及碱剂用量、汽蒸时间等工艺参数对染色效果的影响。结果表明,改性棉织物采用无盐轧染汽蒸染色工艺,其K/S值和染料固色效率提高,耐洗色牢度、干摩擦牢度与传统染色工艺一致,湿摩擦牢度相对稍低。染色时,应选择亲和力略低的活性染料,改性剂色媒体用量应控制使染料比移值为0.55～0.75为宜,纯碱用量为30g/L,汽蒸时间为3min。     

色媒体改性棉织物活性染料无盐轧染汽蒸染色

棉织物活性染料轧染汽蒸两相法染色无机盐浓度高,染料利用率低,因此对棉织物改性后再进行活性染料无盐轧染汽蒸染色。分析棉织物改性后对染料亲和力和染料在固色液中解吸程度的影响,以及碱剂用量、汽蒸时间等工艺参数对染色效果的影响。结果表明：改性棉织物采用无盐轧染汽蒸染色工艺,K/S值和染料固色效率提高,耐洗色牢度、干摩擦牢度与传统染色工艺一致,湿摩擦牢度相对稍低。染色时,应选择亲和力略低的活性染料,改性剂色媒体用量应控制在使染料比移值在0.55~0.75间为宜,纯碱用量为30 g/L,汽蒸时间为3 min。     

纯棉织物的活性染料湿短蒸染色

选用活性红B-3BF、活性黄B-4RFN染料,以湿短蒸工艺对棉织物进行染色,讨论了元明粉、代用碱、汽蒸温度、汽蒸湿度和汽蒸时间对染色效果的影响。结果表明:染料20 g/L、代用碱5 g/L、元明粉50 g/L、渗透剂JFC 1g/L,在120℃、湿度50%的条件下汽蒸150 s,染色织物K/S值较好,各项染色性能指标较好。     

棉织物复合酶煮练一浴法工艺探讨

根据退浆酶、果胶酶、纤维素酶的特性及反应机理，将多种酶与化学助剂复配，并对棉织物进行同浴煮练，研究了汽蒸工艺和冷堆工艺对织物性能的影响。结果表明，棉织物复合酶一浴法煮练，织物退浆率、毛效、白度与传统碱处理基本相同，染色后得色率高。该复合酶的冷堆工艺的退浆效果优于汽蒸工艺，但织物白度、毛效不及汽蒸工艺。     

棉织物活性轧染及矿化后处理工艺

为实现印染加工环节的节水减排,将棉织物活性染料轧染后采用矿化工艺后处理,探讨了染色工艺中固色碱剂种类、用量和矿化后处理工艺中助剂XBD、XYK用量等因素对织物染色性能的影响。结果表明：在复配碱剂Na₂CO₃20 g/L+NaOH 3 g/L、汽蒸温度120℃、汽蒸时间4 min条件下,棉织物可获得良好的染色效果。矿化后处理工艺(XBD 0.5 g/L、XYK 3 g/L、温度80℃)可使织物的色牢度较常规后处理工艺提高半级,染色废水色度明显降低,且由传统的6道工序缩短至4道,节约加工时间33%,节约用水33%,提效节能效果显著。     

棉织物活性红SNE的轧蒸染色工艺

选用活性红SNE染料,采用轧蒸染色工艺对棉织物进行染色,制定棉织物活性红SNE的轧蒸染色工艺。对染色后织物的K/S值和固色率进行测试,讨论了汽蒸时间、碳酸钠、元明粉、尿素用量对染色效果的影响。结果表明:活性红SNE染料25 g/L、汽蒸时间3 min、碳酸钠30 g/L、元明粉60 g/L、尿素50 g/L时,染色织物K/S值和固色率较好,棉织物的染色效果较好。     

活性金黄SRE对棉织物的浸轧-真空脱水-湿蒸染色工艺

为提高活性染料传统轧-蒸染色的固色率和染深性,将真空脱水技术引入棉织物的活性染料轧-蒸染色过程。研究了棉织物含水率、汽蒸时间和碳酸钠用量对活性金黄SRE湿蒸染色的影响,并比较了活性金黄SRE采用浸轧-真空脱水-湿蒸(P-Vac-S)工艺与传统浸轧-湿蒸(P-S)工艺染色棉织物的染深性和耐摩擦色牢度。结果表明;浸轧含25 g/L活性金黄SRE染液的棉织物,将其含水率真空脱水至20%~30%,再进行湿蒸,棉织物的上染率(K/S值)和染料固色率相对较高;含水率为(25±2)%的棉织物湿蒸染色的适宜汽蒸时间和碳酸钠质量浓度分别为5 min和25 g/L;采用活性金黄SRE经P-Vac-S工艺染色棉织物的K/S值比采用P-S工艺染色的K/S值高15%~30%,但是经前者染色棉织物的耐摩擦色牢度比后者略差。     

活性染料无盐轧蒸连续染色工艺探讨

采用无盐轧蒸连续染色工艺.用活性大红K-2G、活性黄K-R和活性黑KN-B对棉织物进行染色,考察了预烘时间、汽蒸时间、固色碱剂CJ-R质量浓度、皂洗剂用呈对染色性能的影响.结果表明:活性黄K-R、活性大红K-2G和活性黑KN-B的最佳染色工艺条件是:预烘时间都为55 s,汽蒸时间分别为90 s、100 s和120 s,固色碱剂CJ-R质量浓度分别为2.0 g/L、3.0 g/L和3.5 g/L,皂洗剂质量浓度为1.0～1.5g/L.染色织物具有很好的匀染性、透染性和较高的K/S值.和传统染色工艺相比,该工艺的染色织物可以达到传统染色工艺的色牢度.K/S值甚至更高.该工艺解决了活性染料传统染色的盐污染问题.     

天然纤维冷堆印花试验

通过色浆直接加碱或织物轧碱的方式,用低温活性染料对羊毛、真丝和棉织物进行冷堆印花.试验结果表明,冷堆印花工艺的得色量、线条精细度、花型清晰度、渗透性均比汽蒸印花工艺好.该工艺无需印花后的烘干和汽蒸,节省印花助剂,达到了节能减排、减少污染、降低成本的目的.     

活性染料轧蒸连续染色

采用活性嫩黄和艳蓝染料对纯棉织物进行轧蒸连续染色.讨论了轧余率、预烘时间、汽蒸时间、固色碱剂CJ-R浓度、纯碱浓度对染色的影响,并与轧蒸轧烘连续染色工艺进行了比较.结果表明,前述两种染料采用轧余率65%,预烘时间分别为50和55s,汽蒸时间分别为90和120s,CJ-R浓度2.5g/L,纯碱用量30g/L的轧蒸连续染色工艺,不仅可获得较高的K/S值和染色牢度,而且无需添加无机盐,节约成本,既减少了盐污染,又提高了染料利用率.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press