小浴比染色用活性染料配伍性能研究

选取生产用两套三拼色活性染料,测定了各只染料在小浴比染色条件下的S、E、R、F值以及移染性、匀染性等染色性能,根据染色特征参数相近原则分析其配伍性。然后采用浴比依存性试验进一步探讨拼色染料在浴比变化时的配伍性,并通过拼色试验分析了拼色染料的上染同步性。试验研究表明,两套三拼色染料都具有较好的浴比依存性,其配伍性受浴比变化的影响较小。染色特征参数可用于判断小浴比染色用活性染料的配伍性能,其结果与染料的染色特征曲线和拼色试验的分析结果一致。     

染苑精粹

浴比对活性染料上染性能的影响2013041采用实时监控装置,用三原色活性染料在5个浴比下上染棉织物,研究了染色时浴比变化对活性染料上染性能的影响。试验发现,拼色染色时,浴比变化对染料上染率和固色率、染品的染色深度和色光有影响。浴比较高时,吸附在纤维表面的染料分子较少,染料解吸越来越强,亲和力降低。浴比为1∶25时,3只染料的固色率达到最高,再降低浴比,对上染的染料有负面影响。     

超低浴比活性染色试样初探

分析了实验室小样1∶4浴比活性染料染色的影响因素,如染料性能,染液的循环,以及染色工艺对染色性能的影响;采用Novacron FN系列染料和Remazol RGB染料在1∶4浴比下进行单色和拼色试验,通过测定染色的均匀性和染色深度(K/S值),论证了活性染料1∶4浴比实验室小样染色是可行的。     

活性染料的配伍性

纤维素纤维特别是人造纤维素纤维织物活性染料拼色染色对染料的配伍性要求较高。配伍性好的染料可以大大提高工厂产品的一次合格率、布面质量,保证产品重现性。为了对活性染料三原色的配伍性进行选择,或者验证三原色的配伍性,选择染料上染曲线,染料的S、E、R、F值,染料在染色过程中对温度、时间、浴比、元明粉用量、纯碱用量等因素的敏感性和染料的各项色牢度4个方面作为考察指标。     

基于特征参数的活性染料配伍性研究

针对3个系列9种中温型活性染料展开了配伍性研究,通过测定各系列染料在相同工艺条件下对纯棉针织物染色时的特征参数:染料对纤维的直接性(S值)、反应性(R值)、吸尽率(E值)、固色率(F值),并以染料的渐进上染性能与拼色配伍性之间的关系为对照,讨论S、R、E、F特征参数与染料的吸附速度、固着效率及配伍性能的关系,同时比较S、R、E、F特征参数雷达图形的相似程度及实际拼色染色效果,得到了配伍性最优的系列。     

BS-RR型活性染料

通过探究环保型活性染料BS-RR三原色的上色性能、固色性能,计算染色特性参数值(直接性S、吸尽率E、固色率F及反应速率R),研究电解质用量、碱剂用量、温度、时间、浴比对染料上色及固色性能的影响。试验发现,BS-RR型活性染料三原色具有宽泛的工艺宽容性,非常高的配伍性和移染指数MI,以保证染色一次成功率。该系列染料尤其适合小浴比生产,具有节能减排的经济性。     

活性染料常见三原色组合的性能研究

采用4种常见的活性染料三原色组合,即Cibacron FN型、Levafix CA型、Novacron NC型和Remazol型染料对纯棉针织物进行染色,测试并分析了加碱方式、染色浴比、纯碱用量对织物色光的影响。结果表明,采用高温加碱染色工艺,织物不易染花;Cibacron FN型和Novacron NC型染料对浴比依存性较大,Remazol型染料对浴比依存性适中,Levafix CA型染料对浴比依存性较小;纯碱用量对织物色光影响较大;化验室小样染色工艺能够为大生产工艺提供方向,浴比及加碱量的精确控制是提高化验室配方到车间再现性的必要措施。     

EDN型活性染料在敏感色染色工艺的应用

采用超分子EDN型活性染料对筒子纱敏感色染色,通过染色小样试验测试了该类染料对盐碱、浴比敏感度,并通过对咖啡色、灰绿色两种敏感色的大样染色生产试验,对比分析了EDN型与双活性基型两组染料不同工艺处方下的颜色特征值、染色牢度和一次成功率。结果表明,EDN型系列活性染料对浴比、盐碱要求相对较低,具有匀染性好、染色重现性高、染色一次成功率高的优点。     

活性染料浸染的配伍技木（下）

染料之间良好的配伍性是拼染染色重现性的关键因素．其中包括活性染料的SERF值要接近，染色牢度要相近、染料类型要相同，染棉锦织物时的沾色性要小等，并介绍和分析了国产三元色组及耐晒、耐氯、染黑色、染深色、染咖啡色等配伍组合的性能和优缺点．     

活性染料浸染的配伍技术(下)

前期提要:染料之间良好的配伍性是拼染染色重现性的关键因素,其中包括活性染料的SERF值要接近,染色牢度要相近、染料类型要相同,染棉锦织物时的沾色性要小等,并介绍和分析了国产三元色组及耐晒、耐氯、染黑色、染深色、染咖啡色等配伍组合的性能和优缺点.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the