水下爆炸切割实验研究

论述了线性爆炸切割及环形爆炸聚能切割的研究原理，论证了该系列的技术特性及设计数据，成功地在海上进行了施工。     

水平井遇卡油管爆炸切割技术

水平井遇卡管柱解卡是难度较大的现场处理技术。在“活动、浸泡、震击”等措施无效时,国内的措施一般是爆炸切割。本文采用油管内部“水循环正替传输”工艺,将带有电缆的聚能切割弹准确输送到切割位置,在国内首次成功完成了一口水平井被卡油管的切割施工。该工艺为水平井井下管柱切割施工积累了经验。     

连续油管过封隔器切割技术的应用及效果

连续油管技术由于其独特的优异性而被广泛应用于我国油气田开发中,连续油管过封隔器切割技术实质是用连续油管携带专用切割工具在封隔器的下端进行切割。本文探讨了该技术主要的几种切割方式,分别为机械切割、水力切割以及聚能切割技术,分析了其应用效果,指出了该技术的发展趋势。     

聚能切割与套管聚能开窗技术的研究和应用

应用炸药的聚能效应和面对称装填切割原理,研究了串联切割器对油井套管的作用。本方法可作为地下盐层开采中套管的开窗及油气井侧钻开窗的一项新的技术途径。     

采用碳纤维起重机移动高架的精确切割系统

位于美国加州Grass Vally的Autometrix精确切割系统公司,介绍一种新模式M8切割机台系统,它的速度以168 mm/s为特点,是为生产大量、低层复材的切割而设计的,以及要求精确、协调一致、可靠性的加工产品。该系统采用碳纤维起     

串联战斗部前级环形切割器的设计与试验

为验证在现有导弹战斗部前端加装环形聚能装药的可行性,采用数值模拟对环形切割器进行优化设计,通过靶场切割试验对毁伤效果进行初步检验.结果表明,优化设计的环形切割器对厚靶板切割效果显著;环形切割器在30°攻角下对40mm靶板具有很强的切割效果.该结论为新型串联战斗部的设计提供了参考.     

老井电缆切割技术在海上油水井作业中的应用研究

修井作业中,在起原井生产管柱时,由于封隔器因胶皮老化、卡瓦及套管腐蚀等各种原因致使封隔器变得难以正常解封,无法顺利起出,此时处理方法是将生产管柱分段切割,然后在打捞生产管柱。目前在南海西部油田修井作业中,常用的电缆切割方法有切割弹切割、爆炸筒切割、镁粉切割和机械切割。针对本次南海西部某油田油水井永久弃置作业,对油水井的生产管柱,特别是双管生产管柱的回收切割,合适的切割技术和方法可以事半功倍,为以后解决此类问题可以提供有效新方法。     

安全型礼花弹切割装置的研究

针对欧盟发布关于烟火制品投放市场的烟火指令,国外加强了对高危险性大型烟花特别是礼花弹的安全检验,检测人员采用传统手工切割礼花弹弹体的方法进行检测研究危险性极大的特点,研究人员为应对国外技术壁垒,确保检测人员切割礼花弹时的安全和一旦发生燃烧爆炸不会对周围环境安全造成影响为目标,设计了远程切割礼花弹原理,并就研制安全型礼花弹切割装置需解决的几个关键技术进行了研究。通过试验证明,该礼花弹切割机具有极高的安全性。     

水下线形聚能装药切割钢靶的数值模拟及试验验证

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对不同结构线形聚能装药所形成的聚能侵彻体及切割钢靶过程进行了数值模拟。基于数值模拟设计了不同结构的线形聚能切割器,进行了切割器切割钢靶的验证试验。结果表明,在水介质中,随炸高的增加侵彻体头部速度衰减加快,切割能力下降;侵彻体切割深度沿装药长度方向呈增长趋势,随装药长度的增加将逐步达到稳定状态。     

燃烧转爆轰聚能爆炸装置设计与试验

为克服聚能爆炸装置中的雷管在携带和使用中易产生意外爆炸的缺点,本文根据燃烧转爆轰原理,设计了一种燃烧转爆轰聚能爆炸装置,该装置采用递进式装药,选用黑火药为初始装药的主要成分,并且在初始装药中加入高热剂,以提高燃烧放热,使爆轰更加完全。同时,设计了一种高压电火花点火装置,对当前聚能爆炸装置点火方式进行了改进。通过测定和分析靶板的侵彻深度和爆炸后装置的破坏程度,验证该装置采用高压电火花点火方法的可行性。实验结果表明,装药爆炸后产生的聚能射流达到了预期的速度和毁伤效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。