闪烁噪声环境下目标跟踪的UPF算法研究

介绍了一种改进的粒子滤波（PF）算法——无味粒子滤波算法（UPF）。该算法结合UKF（unscented Kalman filter）和PF算法,利用UKF对非线性系统的处理能力,用UKF得到粒子滤波的重要性采样密度函数,从而克服了PF没有考虑最新量测信息和UKF只能应用于噪声为高斯分布的不足。在给出的闪烁噪声统计模型基础上．将UPF、PF算法在雷达目标跟踪中进行了比较,仿真结果表明该方法可以取得比标准的粒子滤波更快的滤波收敛性和更高的滤波精度。     

基于交互式多模型的水下机动目标跟踪

为了解决水下机动目标跟踪的实时性和可靠性问题,在交互式多模型(IMM)的框架下对水下机动目标跟踪进行了分析,建立了目标运动方程和观测方程。交互式多模型滤波算法的选择直接影响到跟踪的精度,在跟踪滤波方面,针对交互式多模型滤波过程中观测方程非线性对滤波性能的影响,分别将扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)2种滤波算法与交互式多模型算法相结合。仿真结果表明,交互式多模型算法与UKF算法结合的滤波精度更高,能够更有效、可靠地达到跟踪机动目标的目的。     

基于IMM-UKF的雷达/红外分布式加权融合算法

在雷达/红外复合制导机动目标跟踪背景下,针对非线性机动目标融合跟踪存在滤波器易发散问题,提出一种基于交互式多模型无迹卡尔曼滤波(IMM-UKF)的分布式加权融合算法。IMM具有对不同目标机动模式自适应跟踪的能力;UKF对观测数据进行滤波估计,避免了计算雅克比矩阵,克服EKF滤波方法受滤波初值影响大、易发散的缺点;分布式融合算法提高了系统抗干扰能力及对目标跟踪的有效性和跟踪精度。仿真结果表明:该算法在处理非线性系统机动目标跟踪融合结果误差均得到减少,更能提高目标跟踪滤波精度,增强了系统稳定性。     

状态自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法及其在水下机动目标跟踪中的应用

为了满足水下对抗对机动目标实时跟踪和目标航速、航向准确估计的要求,针对观测量为距离和方位的机动目标跟踪,对传统无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）跟踪算法进行了改善。提出根据UKF算法预测值和观测值残差的概率分布自适应调整目标状态噪声方法,使得UKF跟踪算法能够根据目标运动状态及时调整状态方程,在目标机动时减小对预测值的依赖,在目标非机动时增大对预测值的依赖。这种在线实时估计系统噪声状态的跟踪方法更加适用于机动目标的跟踪。数值仿真结果表明：该算法不仅在目标机动时具有良好的跟踪效果,而且在目标非机动时具有准确的估计性能。通过声纳信息综合处理系统验证了状态自适应UKF跟踪算法的性能。     

基于粒子滤波的三维转弯目标跟踪方法

为了提升对转弯目标的跟踪精度,本文提出了一种基于粒子滤波的三维转弯目标跟踪方法。首先,针对在三维空间中做HGB机动的目标提出了一种三维转弯模型,并建立了目标拦截过程中合理、可信的导弹动力学模型。然后,分别用粒子滤波(PF)、扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)、无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)对三维转弯模型进行匹配滤波,通过对各滤波方法的仿真对比分析,选用PF作为三维转弯模型的匹配滤波方法。最后,将机动目标跟踪问题转化为粒子滤波的求解,通过抑制粒子退化和增加粒子多样性的方法,提高了非线性滤波的估计精度。仿真结果表明,基于粒子滤波的三维转弯模型可以对做HGB机动的目标实现稳定可靠的跟踪,对基于三维转弯模型的非线性滤波问题,相较于EKF和UKF, PF的估计精度至少可提升30%。     

非高斯环境下基于GPF算法的目标跟踪

介绍了高斯粒子滤波器(GPF)的基本思想和具体算法的实现步骤,并讨论了此算法在机动目标转弯模型跟踪中的应用,在闪烁噪声下比较了高斯粒子滤波器、粒子滤波器(PF)和扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)的跟踪性能差异。仿真结果表明,GPF有效地改善了目标跟踪的效果,相比PF在精度和计算复杂度方面均有了明显改善。     

基于“当前”模型的UKF滤波算法在目标跟踪与实时弹道估计中的应用

针对靶场机动目标跟踪与实时弹道估算的实际,介绍了基于“当前”模型的UKF滤波方法。将“当前”模型和UKF滤波用于机动目标跟踪与实时弹道估算,建立了具有较好自适应特性及较高滤波精度的系统模型与算法。经对多发任务实测数据的试算表明：该算法具有较好的稳健性和较高的滤波精度,在靶场的实时显控、设备跟踪引导等方面具有良好的应用前景。     

目标跟踪中两种非线性滤波算法的对比研究

在处理目标跟踪等动态系统实时估计问题中,通常采用EKF作为状态估计方法提高估计精度.由于EKF进行非线性估计存在一些缺陷,将系统进行线性化近似存在估计误差,从而影响目标跟踪的精度.为了获得更高的估计精度,介绍了两种新的非线性滤波算法,即unscented卡尔曼滤波算法和粒子滤波算法.分析了UKF和PF算法的原理和算法实现,对两种算法的适应性进行了比较.通过目标跟踪仿真实验,表明粒子滤波算法估计精度比UKF算法高,但是计算量却相对较大.     

闪烁噪声下目标跟踪的改进粒子滤波算法

针对目标跟踪系统具有强非线性非高斯的特点,提出了一种强跟踪粒子滤波(STUPF)算法.该算法将无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)与强跟踪滤波器(STF)相结合作为粒子滤波提议分布,具有在线调节滤波增益阵,提高滤波器跟踪突变状态的能力.在给出闪烁噪声统计模型的基础上,将STUPF应用在几种典型目标运动模型跟踪系统中,并同UKF和...     

机动目标跟踪的多传感器分层加权融合算法

针对应用并行,Bar Shalom-Campo等融合算法实现多传感器对机动目标的融合跟踪时,经典的交互多模型(IMM)无法提供目标运动模型这个先验信息的问题,提出一种机动目标跟踪的多传感器分层加权融合算法,该算法通过分层加权得到多种融合算法所需的目标运动模型信息,最后使用扩展卡尔曼滤波器(EKF)对状态预测和量测进行融合估计,实现了多传感器对机动目标的融合跟踪。仿真实验表明,和单传感器相比,所提算法显著提升了机动目标的跟踪精度。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.     

Experimental Research on Output Performances of Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

The paper introduces the performances of magnetostrictive actuators and its applications, discusses the design methods for the structure and internal magnetic circuit of a giant magnetostrictive actuator, and makes tests on the output displacement and force characteristics for an actuator using homemade magnetostrictive material. The experimental result shows that the actuator has satisfactory output precisions and ranges in transient and stable states, and can be used in lowfrequency vibration control system of precise equipment.     

Robust Graded Sliding Mode Tracking Control for Low Speed Spinning Ballistic Missiles

The nonlinear dynamic model of spinning ballistic missiles is established during the first boosting phase of the missile. Based on the conventional backstepping sliding mode control and the assumption of a two time-scale separation of missile dynamics, a graded sliding mode controller is designed with two sub-sliding surfaces which have invariability to external disturbances and parameter perturbations, and a matrix which comprises three first order low pass filters is introduced to prevent ＂explosion of terms＂. Owing to the upper bounds of the uncertainties are difficult to obtain in advance, adaptive laws are introduced to estimate the values of the uncertainties in real-time. Eventually, the numerical simulation results given to show the proposed controller can ensure the steady flight of missiles.