阳离子聚合物对亚洲头发调理性的研究

系统研究了在香波体系中3种阳离子聚合物和3种不同类型的硅油之间的相互作用,对絮胶形成、硅油沉积和湿梳力的影响,并且对不同的沉积机理和调理性进行了讨论和解释。其中3种阳离子聚合物为聚季铵盐10(PQ-10)、阳离子瓜尔胶(GHPTC)和丙烯酰胺丙基三甲基氯化铵/丙烯酰胺共聚物与阳离子瓜尔胶(PolyAPTAC-ACM/GHPTC)的混合物,3种硅油为小粒径硅油(SPS)、大粒径硅油(LPS)和氨基硅油(ADM)。     

洗发露中硅油在头发表面沉积量的研究

建立了液相色谱法测定头发表面硅油沉积量的方法,对比分析了不同硅油含量、不同种类阳离子聚合物配方的洗发露产品对头发上硅油沉积量的影响。结果表明：硅油用量和阳离子聚合物种类对硅油沉积有较大影响,随着硅油用量的增加,硅油沉积量也增多;随着阳离子聚合物电荷密度和疏水性的提高,硅油沉积量有增加。方法相对标准偏差（RSD）为8.7%,回收率为94%～109%。     

聚合物表面电阻率测试方法研究

对高聚物表面电阻率的测试方法进行了探讨，提出了一种新的方法，即用同轴圆柱装置来测试聚合物薄膜的表面电阻率，实验证明这种方法具有良好的线性和稳定性，适于对薄而均匀的聚合物试样进行表面电阻率的测试。     

聚合物与阳离子表面活性剂相互作用的介观模拟

作耗散颗粒动力学模拟（DPD）方法研究了部分水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）与十二烷基氧丙基－β－羟基三甲基溴化胺（C12NBr）之间的相互作用。在三维模拟格子中，聚合物链均方末端距4^2随着表面活性剂质量分数的增加，呈现一种首先减小，接着增加，然后又减小的趋势。构型和结构分析表明C12NBr的加入能够引起聚合物链的二项角分布发生改变，这意味着C12NBr发生了相互作用。同时DPD三维模拟格子可以直观地表现表面活性剂／集合物体系的聚集形态。结果表明：分子模拟可以作为实验的一种补充，在介观层次上提供信息。     

阳离子在头发上的吸附作用及其附着形态的研究

通过羊毛布染色及其色差测定研究了阳离子瓜耳胶、聚季铵盐等香波中常用的几种阳离子在羊毛布上的吸附性和累积趋势，并通过扫描电镜研究了阳离子在头发表面上的附着状态。结果表明：分子质量大和分子结构中含有多个极性中心以及正电荷中心的聚合物阳离子如阳离子瓜耳胶和聚季铵盐在羊毛布上吸附性强、沉积多，低分子质量的季铵盐因吸附性弱，累积趋势上阳离子瓜耳胶大于聚季铵盐；阳离子在头发表面的分布状态有不均匀的丝状、粒状和相对均匀的膜状分布等几种不同形式。     

造纸用表面施胶剂的研究与应用进展

总结了表面施胶剂的制备方法,介绍了表面施胶剂的主要类型及研究概况,展望了表面施胶剂的发展趋势。     

羽绒表面性能及其莲松度的研究

在对提高羽绒润湿性和蓬松度进行了一系列试验的基础上,对典籍 度作了探讨。实验表明通过一定的氧化剂和表面生剂的共同作用能较大程度提高羽绒蓬松度,并结合实验数据,得出了羽绒蓬松度提高的优化条件,浴比为１：４０,所用氧化剂与阳离子表面活性剂用量比为１：１,且浓度均为６％,在３０℃下作用４０ｍｉｎ,可使忆绒蓬松度达到最高。     

表面活性剂在聚合物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料制备中的应用

简要叙述了蒙脱石的结构;综述了阳离子表面活性剂插层蒙脱石以形成有机蒙脱石的机理、插层方法以及阳离子表面活性剂的结构对被插层蒙脱石的层间距的影响;讨论了不同类型的聚合物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料制备方法;同时比较了所得到的纳米复合材料的力学性能、热性能与纯聚合物的力学性能和热性能。结果表明:前者的力学性能和热性能比后者均有较大程度的提高。最后提出了聚合物/蒙脱石纳米复合材料目前存在的问题、发展方向和应用前景等。     

表面活性剂的应用与发展

介绍了几种表面活性剂的应用特征与总体发展趋势.     

New apparatus and method for testing refractories under tension at high temperatures

Conclusions An improved method and apparatus for high-temperature testing of refractories for tensile deformation has been developed and introduced.Some experimental data were obtained characterizing the behavior under tension of firebrick, magnesite, unfired magnesite-chromite and silica refractories at high temperatures.The apparatus can be used for testing refractories under tension both with constant load and increasing temperature and in isothermal conditions.The apparatus and method are recommended for the accumulation of experimental material on different types of refractories, and also for work on the development of goods subjected to tensile strains in service at high temperatures.     

地表水中含沙量测定方法选择

本文叙述了黄河万家寨水库地表水中含沙量的测定方法的选择，经过一个月的大量实验，得出了适合含沙量的常规分析方法以及校正实验的方法。     

New method for controllable accelerated aging of marble: Use for testing of consolidants

Research is needed on novel consolidants to restore weathered marble, because the available products exhibit limitations. To test new consolidants, samples with features similar to naturally weathered marble (i.e., near‐surface damage) are recommended. We developed a novel method that produces decayed samples with a gradient in properties that can be tuned to any desired level, in terms of depth from the surface and decrease in dynamic elastic modulus. The idea is to produce near‐surface damage by putting a marble sample in contact with a plate at a certain temperature for a certain time, calculated by a mathematical model. The model was used to predict the heating conditions to produce a certain decrease in dynamic elastic modulus in the first 1 cm from the surface, comparable to naturally weathered marble. Good confirmation of the model predictions was found experimentally. The suitability of using thermally “weathered” samples for testing consolidants was demonstrated in the case of a hydroxyapatite‐based treatment. The mathematical model can be tailored to other lithotypes or ceramics, using the relevant property data.     

碳纤维表面处理的新方法

碳纤维表现处理是为了改善表面形态结构和表面化学环境,提高表面能,强化与基体树脂两相界面之间的粘接,从而达到提高复合材料层间剪切强度（ILSS）的目的。     

一种测试活性炭吸附性能的新方法

介绍了一种利用天然水中有机物为标准物测试活性炭吸附性能的测试新方法,其测试结果较好地表征了活性炭在实际水处理中对有机物的吸附性能.     

New insights into the microstructure of the friction surface layer of C/C composites

An attempt has been undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the friction and wear mechanisms of C/C composites by microstructural analysis of the friction surface layer and wear debris using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The friction and wear properties of C/C composites of rough laminar pyrocarbon with added resin-derived carbon have been investigated with a home-made laboratory-scale dynamometer to simulate airplane normal landing. The results have shown that a friction layer with a thickness of several micrometers was formed on the bulk material. It was characterized as consisting mainly of amorphous carbon, but with a few microsized particles as well. This friction layer protected the bulk materials from serious degradation. In addition to the friction layer, a friction film with a thickness of less than 200 nm was observed for the first time. It partly covered the top surface of the friction layer. Transmission electron microscopy analysis has demonstrated that the friction film was characterized by a laminar structure, the belts of which were revealed to consist of highly oriented graphene sheets. The constant friction coefficient was attributed to this lubricant film.     

用于护发产品的新一代阳离子调理聚合物

爱美高公司研制推出了新一代的SoftCAT^TM SL阳离子调理聚合物。SoftCAT^TM SL调理聚合物（INCI命名：聚季铵盐-67）是一系列高黏度、以三甲基胺和月桂基二甲基胺阳离子取代的季铵化羟乙基纤维素。这种新型的聚合物能够提供强化的美感和良好的相容性,不会产生缔合增稠现象。在透明香波和含硅油的二合一香波中评估该聚合物,并与市售的聚合物,如高分子质量低电荷密度的UCARE^TM LR-30M（INCI命名：聚季铵盐-10）和瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵进行比较。评估的性能参数有湿梳性、湿感、硅油吸附和累积现象。聚季铵盐-67在香波评估中表现出优异的湿梳理和干梳理性,对不同发质有优良的触感,并帮助硅油吸附。此外,它们还保留了聚季铵盐-10结构原型的其他优良性能,如可以形成完全透明的产品及没有累积现象等。这些聚合物无论含和不含硅油都可以作为不同表面活性剂体系中的有效调理剂。