熔融铜渣回收铜及铜铁合金工艺研究

本文根据某炼铜熔融炉渣的矿物特性和选矿工艺特点,提出了一种"两步法"新工艺分别回收铜和铜铁合金,即低温阶段回收铜,高温阶段回收铜铁合金。该工艺对铜和铜铁合金提取比较充分,回收率均在90%以上。回收铜的品位可达99%,可直接送去火法精炼;产出的铜铁合金有害杂质少,可作为耐候钢的理想原料,其价值比纯铁高。此工艺用粉状或粒状非焦煤代替焦炭作还原剂,不用烧结,可以充分利用铜厂现有的设备,节省投资成本。该工艺简单易行,操作方便,有效实现了铜渣的资源化利用,具有良好的经济、社会和环境效益,是一种应用前景广阔的铜渣再利用工艺。     

铜锌甲醇催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来铜锌甲醇催化剂在活性中心、反应机理、辅助成分的作用、制作工艺、催化剂失活等方面的研究进展,介绍了工业铜锌甲醇催化剂现状,并对铜锌甲醇催化剂的研究进行了展望。     

低品位铜矿提铜工艺研究

低品位氧化铜矿经"破碎-酸浸-析铜"生产铜,矿样中铜浸出率达85%～95%.该工艺简便,废气、液排出量少,对环境基本无污染,有较好的经济效益.     

现代变色铜红釉的制作工艺与装饰研究

本文着重现代铜红釉的制作工艺与装饰研究."变色铜红釉"是在传统铜红釉基础上的新创造,它的呈色效果有着波状变化,色泽由浅入深出现多种色阶,彻底改变了以往铜红釉的装饰风格,使画面的呈色效果出现新异的变化,这种变化增加了画面的装饰感,也满足现代人的审美需求和市场需求.     

小合成氨生产中的铜洗工艺研究点滴

本文对小合成氨生产中铜洗工段的总铜、铜比等定义,从理论上做了概念的澄清;对工段中的工艺、设备作了改进;列举了改进后的工艺、设备的几大优点及在生产中的实际效果。     

低品位铜矿提铜的试验研究

研究了新疆省某铜矿湿法提铜工艺,采用"破碎-酸浸"生产铜,介绍了酸度、浸出时间、浸出温度对试验结果的影响。并进行了扩大试验。试验结果表明,该铜矿酸浸提铜工艺的最佳条件是:酸用量18.3%,浸出时间3 h,温度90℃,矿样中铜浸出率达70%~78%。该工艺简便,废气、液排出量少,对环境基本无污染,有较好的经济效益。     

碱铜压滤废水处理技术研究及应用

碱铜压滤废水中含有铜离子、高浓度的氨氮及其他复杂成分,蒸发前需进行预处理。本项目针对高浓度的碱铜压滤液采用"物化+CMF(陶瓷膜过滤)+离子交换"的组合工艺处理后,出水铜离子浓度≤2 mg/L。针对低浓度的碱铜洗水采用"物化+压滤+TMF(管式微滤)+ED(电渗析)+RO(反渗透)"组合工艺处理后,浓水TDS(总溶解性固体)≥10%,回用水电导率≤400μs/cm,实现了废水浓缩减量化及中水回用。处理过程中产生的含铜污泥及铜浓缩液可委托专业单位继续回收金属铜,实现了铜金属资源的回收利用。     

印制线路板内层黑氧化还原后处理液的研制

本文介绍了多层印制线路板制作内层氧化工艺的不足,并分析了"粉红圈"现象产生的原因;通过设计配方和对系列添加剂进行严格筛选,研制出高品质的还原后处理液,该还原后处理液分解速度慢,经过此还原后处理液处理过的铜表面均匀,具有抵抗稀酸侵蚀的能力,同时,在高温下不易被氧化,具有防氧化的特点。     

提高铜液中醋酸含量增强铜液的吸收能力

铜洗工艺是合成氯生产中清除一氧化碳典型的净化方法,其工艺是成熟的。铜液中醋酸含量的控制,一般是醋酸比总铜高10％,以维持铜液成份的稳定,保证铜液的     

高浓度铜拉丝废液处理试验研究

针对铜拉丝厂的铜拉丝废液浓度高、难处理的特点,研究开发了一条切实可行的工艺路线:除油→除铜→混凝→回用、生化处理或并人污水处理厂.得出了最佳工艺条件:破乳剂投加量400 mg/L,除铜剂投加量1 500mg/L,PAC 50 mg/L+PAM 0.5 ms/L,在适宜工艺条件下,废水的CODCr浊度、总铜和油分的去除率分别达90.5%、99.5%、99.6%、99.9%.最后估算了该工艺的药剂成本为4元/t,是经济可行的.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.