基于微分对策的多飞行器协同捕获空间划分

针对多飞行器协同围捕问题,提出一种基于微分对策的加权制导律下捕获空间划分方法。选取合适的性能函数,建立多对一协同围捕微分对策模型;利用哈密尔顿函数法求解得出飞行器和目标的最优控制策略,获得各飞行器的零控脱靶量的最优轨迹;以2个飞行器为例,设置1个2对1协同围捕场景,根据2个飞行器初始零控脱靶量的符号和大小关系,给出各飞行器单独拦截以及协同围捕状态下的相关定义;根据各飞行器零控脱靶量的最优轨迹,围绕初始零控脱靶量给出1种协同捕获空间的划分方法;设置3个具体的仿真场景,验证结果证明了该方法的准确性。     

基于零效脱靶量的制导估计一体化方法

为提高反临近空间高超声速目标的拦截精度,提出一种基于零效脱靶量的制导估计一体化设计方法,通过对目标拦截的制导估计问题分析,建立制导估计一体化设计的系统模型,并对具有目标机动补偿的零效脱靶量制导律进行设计。在目标状态信息可量测的条件下,零效脱靶量制导律与比例导引法相比,其制导性能略高;在目标状态信息不可量测的条件下,基于零效脱靶量的制导估计一体化设计方法对目标加速度的估计误差更小,制导精度也更高。利用该方法可以较好地跟踪目标机动,减小估计延迟对制导精度的影响,具有较高的制导精度和较强的鲁棒性。     

空间目标拦截零控脱靶量的近似计算

基于理想二体下的弹道方程解析式和Taylor线性化方法,忽略重力在拦截末段对拦截器和目标运动状态的影响,推导了空间拦截初始制导偏差与零控脱靶量之间的近似计算公式.测试结果表明该近似算法得到的零控脱靶量与真实值比较接近,在较小初始偏差条件下,简化的近似计算公式能给出满意的结果,所得零控脱靶量可用于空间动能拦截制导系统的初步设计与分析.     

大气层外拦截弹末段修正能力分析

基于拦截末段相对运动动力学对大气层外拦截弹末段修正能力进行了分析。研究表明：当装药燃烧时间等于待飞时间时,拦截弹可消除的最大零控脱靶量可用结构加速度、待飞时间与燃料比冲的解析表达式描述,且是三者的单调增函数。若以导数最大值为影响拦截弹修正能力大小的指标,则待飞时间影响最大,燃料比冲影响最小,结构加速度的影响介于二者之间;当装药燃烧时间小于待飞时间时,拦截弹可消除的最大零控脱靶量不仅与结构加速度、待飞时间和燃料比冲有关,还与发动机可持续燃烧时间有关,可用四者的解析表达式描述。     

考虑零控拦截的中制导最优弹道修正

针对临近空间防御作战问题,设计了考虑零控拦截的中制导段最优弹道修正算法。通过分析末制导阶段拦截弹和目标的相对运动关系,推导得到了零控拦截条件,此条件由目标和拦截弹的速度比以及二者速度矢量和视线之间的夹角唯一确定;针对目标信息更新造成的基准弹道不满足零控拦截条件的情形,提出了在中制导段进行最优弹道修正的方案,调整中制导和末制导交接班时刻拦截弹状态,以重新满足零控拦截条件;通过对基准弹道满足的最优化条件以及横截条件进行再次求导,推导得到了控制量的补偿量,此补偿量的求解考虑到了拦截弹的初始状态偏差以及终端约束偏差,确保了指令解算的可实现性。通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性以及优越性。     

动能拦截导弹弹道数据计算研究

动能拦截弹脱靶量要求为零,其杀伤目标为近地轨道运行的弹道导弹和低轨卫星等,目标运行速度极快,与其它类型导弹相比,动能拦截弹的弹道计算精度要求更高。针对这一问题,介绍了动能拦截弹的拦截段弹道数学模型,分析了弹道数据计算流程,将诸元解算转化为方位角和程序角的计算问题,采用计算精度较高的积分算法,得到了导弹拦截过程的弹道数据,仿真表明,导弹数据计算精度满足作战仿真要求。     

考虑临近空间零控交班的指令修正中制导研究

针对临近空间高超声速目标防御问题,根据目标特性提出了空基巡航段防御方案。在此基础上考虑临近空间防御特点进行中末制导交班问题分析,提出交班点性能指标,并得出连接中末制导阶段的有效零控拦截交班区域（零控交班）。结合模型预测静态规划理论与防御飞行器中制导终端状态约束条件,推导了最优控制问题的解析算法并将其作为防御飞行器的指令修正制导律,针对不同任务情况进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明,零控交班区域分析结果可满足终端小速度比交会条件。设计的中制导律在显著提高计算效率的同时满足零控交班约束,且经过Monte Carlo仿真表明对初值扰动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

红外导引头成像跟踪阶段的反演变结构制导规律设计

在拦截弹红外导引头成像图像跟踪阶段,当拦截弹距离目标很近时,动态特性对制导精度有着至关重要的影响,针对这种情况,文中充分考虑了弹道拦截弹助推段拦截对拦截弹末段控制制导的要求,结合复合控制系统简化模型,提出了一种使得视线角速率在有限时间内收敛的反演变结构制导规律,此制导方法实现了拦截弹的零脱靶量,最后仿真结果验证了所设计制导方法的有效性。     

主动防御的滑模制导算法研究

针对主动防御中基于线性化模型设计的制导算法在较大前置角偏差下性能较差的问题,提出防御弹的单向协同滑模制导算法和目标、防御弹的双向协同滑模制导算法。建立了目标、防御弹和拦截弹的相对运动学模型和线性化模型。在目标机动不依赖于防御弹场景下,基于滑模控制理论,选取零控脱靶量（Zero Effort Miss,ZEM）作为滑模面,设计了防御弹的单向协同滑模制导算法。为了进一步提高性能,选取ZEM和零控相对速度（Zero Effort-Velocity,ZEV）作为滑模面,设计了目标、防御弹的双向协同制导算法。通过大量的仿真算例,验证了提出的制导算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

动能拦截临近空间飞行器的复合制导律设计

针对临近空间飞行器进行拦截,设计了一套复合制导律,并给出各制导段间的交班条件及参数设计。考虑临近空间飞行器典型的机动方式,对目标进行拦截仿真,对比分析了拦截弹采用复合制导律和比例制导律的仿真结果,以及交班对拦截的影响,实现了动能拦截临近空间飞行器。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

Algorithm for Multi-laser-target Tracking Based on Clustering Fusion

Multi-laser-target tracking is an important subject in the field of signal processing of laser warners. A clustering method is applied to the measurement of laser warner, and the space-time fusion for measurements in the same cluster is accomplished. Real-time tracking of multi-laser-target and real-time picking of multi-laser-signal are introduced using data fusion of the measurements. A prototype device of the algorithm is built up. The results of experiments show that the algorithm is very effective.     

Influence of Installing Error on the Surface Shape Precision of the Axial Symmetry Aspheric Workpiece in Lapping

A method to calculate the surface shape error, which is caused by the installing error between the workpiece and the lapping tool in the process of form lapping, is proposed. The mathematical model which the installing translation error influences on the workpiece surface shape error is established. The changing rule of the error is simulated through the calculating example of the paraboloid workpiece. The results indicate that the surface shape error of the workpiece is increasing with the increase of the installing translation error, it is also increasing gradually along the center point of the curve surface to the edge, and the influence is severer to the curve surface with great curvature than that of the small curvature when the translation error is the same.