铝合金在亚锡盐及镍盐溶液中电解着黑色工艺的研究

采用亚锡盐和镍盐溶液对铝合金阳极氧化膜电解着黑色的工艺进行了研究,讨论了影响阳极氧化膜的因素,确定满足电解着黑色要求的阳极氧化膜工艺为:165g/L H2SO4,14V,20℃,40min;然后在15g/L SnSO4,40g/L NiSO4溶液中,16℃,13min,15V的交流电压条件下电解着黑色,得到了表面均匀平...     

稀土改性磷酸–硫酸阳极氧化工艺与膜层性能

采用含有稀土硫酸铈的磷酸–硫酸体系溶液对铝合金进行阳极氧化。对阳极氧化工艺进行正交优化,得到的最佳工艺条件为:H2SO4120 g/L,H3PO460 g/L,CeSO40.4 g/L,草酸7 g/L,氧化电压22 V,时间30 min,温度(20±2)°C。表征了采用最佳工艺所得氧化膜的形貌、组成和粘结性能等性能。结果表明,阳极氧化膜表面微孔呈蜂窝状均匀排列,孔截面无分叉,膜层拉伸剪切强度高,粘接耐久性能和耐腐蚀性能良好。     

工业纯铝交流电阳极氧化膜着色实验研究

以工业纯铝L2为实验材料,采用硫酸交流阳极氧化-着色工艺在铝表面制备黑色膜层,重点分析着色溶液pH、温度及乙酸钴质量浓度对黑色膜层的影响,通过分析型扫描电镜测试,结果表明,电解液成分为200 g/LH2SO4、1 g/LAl2O3,U为12V,θ为(20±1)℃,t为60min的交流电阳极氧化条件下,着色液成分为30~40 g/LCo(CH3COO)2,1 g/LNiF2.2H2O,θ为50~60℃,pH为4.5~6.0,t为30min的工艺条件下可以获得与工业纯铝L2基体良好结合力,耐蚀、耐热及吸光性较好的黑色膜层。     

铝在草酸槽形成的阳极氧化膜比较坚牢

铝在草酸槽形成的阳极氧化膜比硫酸槽氧化膜的耐蚀性和耐磨性都好些。草酸阳极氧化的标准工艺规范如下:游离草酸 3%(W/V)铝 5g/L温度 28±2℃电流密度直流和交流直流100A/m~2交流100A/m~2时间 25min 6μm(纯铝)38min 9μm(纯铝)槽电压直流25V交流80V把此规范和硫酸阳极氧化规范对比,就看到各种不同点。电解液的组成足硫酸15%;草酸为3%。硫酸槽液浓度低到百分之几时。阳极氧化膜就成产     

AZ31B镁合金环保型阳极氧化的优化研究

在NaOH、NaAlO2、Na2B4O7组成的环保型电解液中,对AZ31B镁合金进行阳极氧化,分别研究了电解液配方和工艺参数的优化。通过Cass盐雾试验、膜厚和粗糙度测量等方法检测阳极氧化膜性能。结果表明,最优电解液体配方为：NaOH 45 g/L、NaAlO220 g/L、Na2B4O765 g/L,最优电参数为：电流密度1.5 A/dm2,氧化时间15 min,脉冲频率100 Hz,占空比10%。     

便于激光刻蚀的PCB基板铜箔表面黑氧化工艺

采用正交试验确定了适合激光刻蚀的PCB覆铜板铜箔表面黑氧化的最佳工艺为:先在常温的30g/L(NH_4)_2S_2O_8溶液中微刻蚀5~10min,然后在70°C的NaClO_2 80g/L+NaOH 25g/L的溶液中浸泡15min。对黑氧化膜进行了X射线衍射及扫描电镜分析,并进行激光刻蚀实验予以验证。结果表明,黑氧化工艺可提高铜箔对激光的吸收率,改善了激光刻蚀质量。     

铝导向辊阳极氧化工艺

研究了凹版印刷机用铝导向辊的阳极氧化工艺,获得了较佳的工艺条件:H2SO4含量180～200 g/L,Al3+20 g/L,添加剂R 10～15 g/L,电流密度范围0.8～3.0 A/dm2,氧化温度10～30°C,氧化时间60 min,压缩空气搅拌压力0.08～0.10 MPa。该工艺已正常运转3 a,日产量达到2 000 dm2左右,所生产的铝导向辊的硬度、厚度、耐磨性以及表面状况符合用户要求,不合格率为3%以下,完全可以取代进口导向辊,获得了可观的经济效益。     

国外专利信息

正一种镀银工艺本发明公开了一种镀银工艺。镀液组成为:氯化银80~110g/L,氰化钾70~160g/L,二氧化硒55~70g/L。在10~35℃的温度范围内,镀液的性能均较好。实施该工艺的最佳电流密度范围为3~15A/dm2。铝合金阳极氧化膜的制备方法     

2060铝锂合金在3种溶液体系中所得阳极氧化膜层的性能

分别采用硼硫酸(45.0 g/L硫酸+8.0 g/L硼酸)、硫酸(160.0 g/L硫酸)和混酸(140.0 g/L硫酸+20.0 g/L草酸+50.0 g/L酒石酸钾钠+1.5 g/L添加剂)这3种溶液体系在2060铝锂合金上制备阳极氧化膜,考察了电流或电压对所得膜层性能的影响。用金相法测量了氧化膜的厚度,用扫描电镜观察了氧化膜的微观形貌。通过静力拉伸及拉-拉疲劳试验测试了阳极氧化前后铝锂合金的力学性能。通过观察疲劳断口的形貌,分析了阳极氧化工艺影响铝锂合金疲劳性能的原因。2060铝锂合金在3种体系中均能形成颜色均一、表面光滑的阳极氧化膜。在硼硫酸体系中得到的阳极氧化膜厚度不足2μm,在硫酸和混酸体系中得到的阳极氧化膜的厚度可达15μm。阳极氧化工艺显著提升了铝锂合金的耐蚀性,在混酸、硫酸和硼硫酸体系中得到的阳极氧化膜的耐中性盐雾时间依次为870、378和87 h,远超纯铝锂合金的8 h。但是,混酸阳极氧化工艺使2060铝锂合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度下降了至少9%,在应力比0.06、应力水平240 MPa之下的中值疲劳寿命降低了90%。     

430不锈钢表面微纳多孔结构阳极氧化膜的制备及疏水性研究

利用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了阳极氧化工艺对SUS430不锈钢在由氟化铵、水及乙二醇(Eg)组成的电解液中制备微纳多孔结构氧化膜的影响,通过能谱仪(EDS)对阳极氧化膜微孔内部和未成孔位置的组成进行了分析,测试了阳极氧化前后不锈钢表面的水接触角。适当降低电解液含水量有利于提高不锈钢表面的微孔密度,可形成微纳多孔结构的氟化铵浓度以0.15 mol/L最好,氧化电压过大以及氧化时间过长都会导致阳极氧化膜发生过度腐蚀。在氟化铵含量为0.15 mol/L、含水量小于0.4 mol/L的电解液中,保持电解液温度为20°C,采用氧化电压50~60 V阳极氧化15~30 min,不锈钢表面可制备出孔径为3~5μm的多孔结构,微米级孔洞内部形成有序的蜂窝状纳米多孔结构(孔径约为100 nm)。阳极氧化后不锈钢表面形成了氧化物和氟化物,与水的接触角为138.2°,具有较好的疏水性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.