低渣高耐蚀性磷化液的研制

本文介绍的锌钙系中温低渣磷化液，保留了中温磷化工艺简单、控制方便的优点，同时又具有出渣量极低的独特优点。     

磷化处理技术研究

介绍了磷化处理技术。针对某些工件在磷化处理中出现的问题，在大量实验的基础上，采用对比的方法，重点研究了3种磷化工艺和配方：锰系高温磷化、锌系高温磷化和锌一钙系中温磷化。研究结果表明：锰系磷化膜较粗糙；与锰系磷化膜相比，锌系高温磷化，由于采用了复合活化处理，所形成的磷化膜膜薄，结晶细腻，且出现沉淀较晚，大大延长了磷化液的使用寿命；新型锌一钙系中温磷化液，由于采用了活化处理和使用复合加速剂B，所形成的磷化膜不但提高了耐蚀性，而且改善了磷化膜质量。实验中大部分药品为工业品。以上3种磷化液所形成的磷化膜，质量均达到了应用厂家的要求。     

多元系中温磷化工艺

在锌系磷化液中添加多种其它阳离子如钙,锰,镍,镁,镁,铵等研制出一种多元系中温磷化工艺。探讨了磷化液中复合添加剂的作用,分析了膜层分及耐蚀性,介绍了磷化液配置及工艺维护。该工艺使用方便,消耗少,沉渣少,槽液稳定,磷化膜中含有锌,钙,锰,镁,铵等成分,膜层结晶细密,耐蚀性好。     

大型车刮窗架磷化工艺的研究

1　前言钢铁涂装前表面磷化工艺可分为锌系、锰系以及碱金属系磷化。不同磷化工艺各有优缺点。锌系磷化普遍被采用 ,其优点是耐腐蚀性能良好 ,但工艺维护复杂 ,价格昂贵 ;锰系磷化优点是化学药品消耗少 ,成本低 ,溶液稳定 ,缺点是膜的耐蚀性差 ,结合力低 ,耐热性差 ,处理时间长 ,生产效率低 ;碱金属系磷化特点是靠基体金属有限腐蚀成膜 ,虽然温度范围比较宽 ,但温度、杂质离子对膜层质量影响较大 ,膜层颜色变化比较明显。为了寻求大型车刮窗架中温磷化最佳工艺 ,笔者反复实验了锌系、锰系、碱金属系三种不同组分磷化液的磷化效果 ,从膜重、…     

锌钙系中温磷化

锌钙系磷化是中温磷化处理工艺的一种，着重介绍锌钙系磷化膜的特点，用途，工艺配方，参数等，对锌钙系磷化溶液的维护与管理和磷化常见故障的产生，原因分析，故障排除等方面，根据实践予以阐述。     

钢铁的中温磷化工艺

采用正交试验优选磷化液配方，得出一个耐蚀性较好的锌钙系中温配方。研究了游酸度?总酸度、磷化时间和磷化温度对膜蚀性和膜重的影响。分析讨论了锌钙膜的成膜机理。该配方适用于浸渍工艺的涂装前处理。     

耐磨中温锰盐磷化工艺研究

研究了锰盐中温耐磨磷化工艺，通过正交试验确定了适宜的添加剂及磷化工艺，并测定了磷化膜的耐磨性和耐蚀性等性能，其摩擦系数很小，磷化温度可降低到７０℃，还测定了磷化液的特性，磷化液容易维护和调整。     

船舶管系锌钙系中温磷化质量过程控制

对适用于船舶管系的不同磷化液成分进行选型和比较,选用了锌钙系HY-3磷化液及其相关工艺,并优化了其质量过程控制.结果表明:HY-3锌钙系中温磷化工艺能有效地提升磷化前处理质量,满足磷酸转化膜内壁防腐、外壁增强涂装结合力的工艺要求,为船舶建造提供了保障.     

一种新型无镍锌钙系磷化液的探究

通过改变磷化液的组成和工艺条件,观察其对磷化膜的耐蚀性和膜重的影响,获得锌钙系磷化的主要控制因素。结果表明：锌钙系磷化膜的成膜速率及质量与添加剂密切相关。通过改变添加剂成分,可以起到细化磷化膜结晶的作用,甚至可以不通过表调与钝化,得到符合国家标准的磷化膜。同时该磷化液配方中不舍镍、锰等金属离子,有利于环保。     

锌钙系磷化液的研究

通过改变磷化液组成和工艺条件,考察其对磷化膜耐蚀性和膜厚的影响,研究了锌钙系磷化的主要控制因素,结果表明,影响磷化膜的成膜速率及质量的因素,主要有Zn2 /Ca2 、PO3-4/NO-3、Ca(NO3)2、Zn(H2PO4)2、促进剂B、磷化温度和时间,此外,Fe2 、Ni(NO3)2、促进剂A对锌钙系磷化也有一定的影响.根据磷化工艺中各项指标的影响,确定了锌钙系磷化液配方.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。